ß·

(Ò»)á¹¹

1.ƪ֯

Ҫɵģͷչ֡βõ·չУоٷȽ϶շ෨巨ʱ˳򷨺Ϳռ˳򷨡

(1)оٷ

оٷָһһг,ԭ֢״ŵ㡢ȱ㡢仯صȡоٷĹУ

to begin with, secondly, besides, lastly.

for one thing, for another, finally.

first, second, third, moreover.

(2)

ͨ˵һ˵ٵҪ壬˵˵е֧˼롣ھĴУto illustrate, an illustration/an example, for example/for instance, particularly/in particular, such as, likeȡ

עоٷ;оٷһһʵʵȫ档ͨߵĹ۵㣬ɶ١

(3)ϵ

˼ά,ԭƵ,ɽԭ,де˼άʽ֡ͨģʽ

ԭͣȽijһʵ,Ȼһʵԭз

ڽͣȵҪ۵¼ʵ,ȻѾҪĽ

ʾijôʺͶ therefore, as a result, accordingly, consequently, contribute to, for this reason, lead to, result in ȡ

ʾԭijôʺͶ due to, because of, owing to, because, since, as, on account of, result from ȡ

ԭдľʽͨУ

ԭ򣬷ijʱ, ô˾˵Ļ߶෽ԭ磺

Why? For one thingFor another

The answer to this problem involves many factors.For one thingFor anotherStill another

A number of factors, both physical and psychological affect/both individual and social contribute to

The reasons for this are as follows

We have good reason to believe that

һԭ ڷ˻ԭ֮, ٲһҪĻ߸Ҫġ磺

Another important factor is

is also responsible for the change/problem.

Certainly, theis not the sole reason for

Ӱ죬ijɵĺߴӰ졣磺

It will produce a profound/farreaching effect/impact on

It involves some serious consequence for

(4)Ƚϡշ

ȽϡշͨȽһƵ֧ͬ䡣ȽDzȶͬƷ;Dz䲻ͬ෴֮

Ƚϡյдͨģʽ

Ȳ׷,ٲҷ,1,2,31,2,3

ͬʱ,Ƚ,1,1;2,2;3,3;

ȽϺͶյĴУ

ȽͬʱõĴlike, same, in the same way, similar to, similarly, bothand, alike, neithernor, in common ȡ

ղͬʱõĴunlike, be different from, differ from, on the other hand, in contrast, while, instead, whereas ȡ

ȽϡյдʽͨУ

߱Ƚ, Ƚ, Ҫ˵һһ, ϶һŵ, Ҳ϶ȱ㡣磺

The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.

Indeed, A carries much more weight when compared with B.

There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.

Compared with A, B

ͬ/ƣȽﶼл߶ûеص㡣磺

A and B have several things in common.They are similar in that

A bears some striking resemblance(s)to B.

(5)à·¨

෨ǰһ׼йһֶ䷢չͨ,ʹһĿȻ÷෨дʱ,õĴУ

to divideinto, to classifyinto, to fall into, to distinguish ;

kinds, types, sorts, groups, categories ;

according to, in terms of, depending on, on the basis of ;

to subclassify, to subcategorize, to subdivide È¡

(6)å·¨

֪Ĵ֪ʶ,ijרн,ʺ,ַչķж巨巨һֻ˵,ʱҲġ

巨չĻģʽǣ+չ֡չչйط,类ʡṹԭ;ȡ

(7)ʱ˳

鷢ʱȺΪչʱ˳򷨡ַҪڼһľ,ʳùȥʱ;˵һӦѭij,ʳñ

ʱ˳гõĴУ

at the beginning, after that, then, finally

first, then, next, until, in the end

at first, later, after a while, afterwards, at that time, eventually