2010年6月英语四级考试真题及答案(B卷word版)
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Part VI Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth） （25 minutes）
57、The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
A．It was established by Norman Vincent Peal
B．It is based on the concept of positive thinkin
C．It is a highly profitable industr
D．It has yielded positive result
58、What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A．Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than goo
B．The power of positive thinking is limite
C．Unhappy people cannot think positivel
D．There can be no simple therapy for psychological problem
59、What does the author mean by "… you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?
A．You are pointing out the errors he has committe
B．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enoug
C．You are trying to make him feel better about his fault
D．You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligen
60、What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
A．It is important for people to continually boost their self-estee
B．Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-estee
C．Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's moo
D．People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feeling
61、What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A．People can avoid making mistakes through meditatio
B．Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherap
C．The effects of positive thinking vary from person to perso
D．Different people tend to have different ways of thinkin
62、You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.They're known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。What does the author say about the black box?
A．It is an indispensable device on an airplan
B．Its ability to ward off disasters is incredibl
C．It ensures the normal functioning of an airplan
D．The idea for its design comes from a comic boo
63、What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?
A．The scene of the crash and extent of the damag
B．Data for analyzing the cause of the cras
C．The total number of passengers on boar
D．Homing signals sent by the pilot before the cras
64、Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?
A．New materials became available by that tim
B．The early models didn't provide the needed dat
C．The early models often got damaged in the cras
D．Too much space was needed for its installatio
65、Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?
A．To distinguish them from the colour of the plan
B．To conform to international standard
C．To make them easily identifiabl
D．To caution people to handle them with car
66、What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?
A．They have stopped sending homing signal
B．They were destroyed somewhere near Brazi
C．There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructe
D．There is still a good chance of their being recovere
57、The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
A．It was established by Norman Vincent Peal
B．It is based on the concept of positive thinkin
C．It is a highly profitable industr
D．It has yielded positive result
58、What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A．Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than goo
B．The power of positive thinking is limite
C．Unhappy people cannot think positivel
D．There can be no simple therapy for psychological problem
59、What does the author mean by "… you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?
A．You are pointing out the errors he has committe
B．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enoug
C．You are trying to make him feel better about his fault
D．You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligen
60、What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
A．It is important for people to continually boost their self-estee
B．Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-estee
C．Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's moo
D．People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feeling
61、What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A．People can avoid making mistakes through meditatio
B．Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherap
C．The effects of positive thinking vary from person to perso
D．Different people tend to have different ways of thinkin
62、You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.They're known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。What does the author say about the black box?
A．It is an indispensable device on an airplan
B．Its ability to ward off disasters is incredibl
C．It ensures the normal functioning of an airplan
D．The idea for its design comes from a comic boo
63、What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?
A．The scene of the crash and extent of the damag
B．Data for analyzing the cause of the cras
C．The total number of passengers on boar
D．Homing signals sent by the pilot before the cras
64、Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?
A．New materials became available by that tim
B．The early models didn't provide the needed dat
C．The early models often got damaged in the cras
D．Too much space was needed for its installatio
65、Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?
A．To distinguish them from the colour of the plan
B．To conform to international standard
C．To make them easily identifiabl
D．To caution people to handle them with car
66、What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?
A．They have stopped sending homing signal
B．They were destroyed somewhere near Brazi
C．There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructe
D．There is still a good chance of their being recovere
