Directions: There are 2 passages in this section． Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre．
　　Questions 57-66 are based on the following passage．
　　When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year
　　out of college, many were at a loss to explain it．
　　All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap--that women fall behind when theyleave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many management rolesfailed to justify this one． These young women didn't have kids yet． And because they were just one yearremoved from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after (muchless decline) leadership roles．
　　But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent． The first is that no matter howmany women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one． Thesecondis that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences ofour students' years on campus．
　　Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number ofundergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus m a pretty equalplace． It is not． Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail offduring t~eir college years． They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (非常) subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans．
　　As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with aslight disadvantage． Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling(栽倒) overthe dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy． Are they supposed to be pretty or smart?Strong or sexy (性感的)? All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace bothperfection and 　　passionto pursue science and sports, math and theater--and do it all as well as theypossibly can No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of s~hool．They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing．

57、Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because
A． they have failed to take as many rigorous courses
B． they do not feel as fit for management roles
C． they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home
D．they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualifies

58、 What does the author say about America's higher education system?
A． It does not offer specific career counseling to women．
B． It does not consider its economic impact on graduates．
C．It does not take care． of women students' special needs．
D．It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects．

59、  What does the author say about, today's college experience?
A． It is different for male and female students．
B． It is not the same． as that of earlier generations．
C．It is more exhausting than most women expect．
D．It is not so satisfying to many American students．

60、  What does the author say about women students in college?
A． They have no idea how to bring out their best．
B． They drop a course when they find it too rigorous．
C． They are not as practical as men in choosing courses．
D．They don't perform as well as they did in high school．

61、 How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?
A． Women are too worn out to be ambitious．
B． Women are not ready to take management roles．
C． Women are caught between career and family．
D． Women are not good at negotiating salaries．

　　Questions 62-66are based on the following passage．
　　Reading leadership literature, you'd sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an
effective leader．
　　I don't believe that to be true． In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see peoplestuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their ownabilities．
　　Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest selfiassessment by those who aspire to (追求）leadership in the first place．
　　We've all met the type of Individual who simply must take charge． Whether it's a decision-makingsession, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position andclinging on to it for dear life． They believe they're natural born leaders．
　　Truth is, they're nothing of the sort． True leaders don't assume that it's their divine (神圣的) right totake charge every time two or more people get together． Quite the opposite． A great leader will assesseach situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or theneeds of the moment demand it．
　　Many business executives confuse leadership with action．They believethat constantmotionsomehow generates leadership as a byproduct． Faced with any situation that can't be solved by thesheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience． Their one leadership tool is volume: ifthey think you aren't working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasinglylouder and harsher．
　　True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isn't their only tool． In fact, it isn'teven their primary tool．Great leaders see morethan everyoneelse:answers,solutions,patterns,problems, opportunities． They know it's vitally important to do, but they also know that thinking,understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally important．
　　If you're too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulate and intimidate others toachieve those outcomes, then you aren't leading at all, you're dictating． A true leader is someone who
develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62、What does the author think of the leaders he knows?
A． Many of them are used to taldng charge．
B． Few of them are equal to their positions．
C． Many of them fail to fully develop their potential．
D． Few of them are familiar with leadership literature．

63、 Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?
A． They believe they have the natural gift to lead．
B． They believe in what leadership literature says．
C． They have proved competent in many situations．
D． They derive great satisfaction from being leaders．

64、 What Characterizes a great leader according to the author?
A． Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves．
B． Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities．
C． Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses．
D． Being able to assess the situation carefully, before taking charge．

65、 How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?
A． They reassess the situation at hand．
B． They become impatient and rude．
C． They resort to any tool available．
D． They blame their team members．

66、 What is the author's advice to leaders?
A． Concentrate on one specific task at a time．
B． Use different tools to achieve different goals．
C． Build up a strong mare to achieve their goals．
D． Show determination when faced with tough tasks．

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