单项选择题
1、根据以下资料，回答题：
        Graduating seniors may face higher risk for job burnout (筋疲力尽，枯竭．than their parents' generation, say business and career experts.
        One of those grads,22-year-old Ruth Igielnik, kicked off her career just　weeks after graduating from the University of Maryland.
        Igielnik should be familiar with stretching her boundaries. She admits classes were an "after thought" during the past year because she toiled from two to five hours every school night as student overseer of 300campus groups.
        But new grads in entry-level career jobs should resist early urges to sacrifice personal time in exchange for a faster climb to the top, warns career consultant Alexandra Levit, specializing in so-called millennials, the generation born from about 1980 to 1995. "You have to go out of your way to safeguard your time, but you have to go about it more subtly," she says. "It you sacrifice too much of your personal life at the start, you risk having a stressful, unbalanced life that's permanent. "
        in the next two to four years，retiring manager baby boomers will trigger a．wave of new openings for high-responsibility jobs。says Levit。A lot of those jobs will be filled by less-experienced workers-many’of them miUennials．“They're going to be given the responsibility they crave—because there’s No one else to take it．”Levit says．“Their sense of entitlement and their over—ambition are going to create a lot of stress for them．”
        A friend of Igieinik's,Merak Fine。is taking a few weeks off before joining the work：force as a legal assist{mt at a small law firm．Fine jokes that—after a heavy class schedule and all intense internship school has left her burned out before she’s even begun her career．So she worries that her career might steal time she should spend with friends and family．
        Compared the previous generations，many millennials are protesting again．st the idea that work is life.They’re intent on finding jobs that are meaningful both personally and to the community and the Environment．
        “The things that this generation is asking for--flexibility，balance，opportunities-are all things that
Previous generations wilted，”says Dan Black，top campus recruiter at Ernst＆Young． “But they feel much more embolden,erned(使勇敢)to ask for these things．They know they’re going to be a bigger part of the work force．”
When at school during the past year。Eightieth
A．was keen on socializing
B．had to work every night
C．was the leader of Student Union
D．spent most of her time studying


2、根据以下资料，回答题：
The Case for Killing Granny
A．My mother wanted to die，but the doctors wouldn't let her．At least that’s the way it seemed to me as I stood by her bed hi an intensive—care unit,at a hospital in Hilton Head，S．C，five years ago．My mother was 79，a longtime smoker who was dying of emphysema(肺气肿)．She knew that her quality of life was increasingly tied to an oxygen tank。That she was losing her ability to get about，and that she was slowly drowning，The doctors at her bedside were contrarotating various tests and procedures to keep her alive．but my mother．with a certain firmness I recognized，said no。She seemed puzzled and a bit frustrated that she had to be so insistent on her own death．
B．The hospital at my mother's assisted—living facility was sustained by Medicare，which pays by the procedure．I don’t think the doctors were trying to be greedy by pushing more treatments on my- mother．That’s just the way the system works．The doctors were responding to the expectations of almost all patients．As a doctor friend of mine puts it．“Americans want the best，they want the latest，
and they want it now．”we expect doctors to make heroic efforts-especially to save our lives and the fives of our loved ones。
C．The idea that we might ration health care to seniors(or lonely elsE． is political curse．Politicians do not dare breathe the word，lest they be accused-however wrongly-of trying to pull the plug on
Grandma．But the need to spend less money on the elderly at the end of life is the elephant in the room in the health,reform debate．Everyone sees it but no one wants to talk about it．At a more basic level．
Americans are afraid not just of dyin9．but of talking and thinking about death．Until Americans learn to regard death as more than a scientific challenge to be overcoat，our health—care system will remain unfixable．
D．Compared with other Western countries，the United States has more health care—but，generally
speakin9，not better health care．There is no way we can get control of costs，which have grown by nearly 50 percent in the past decade。without finding a way to stop over eating patients．In his address to Congress，President,Obama spoke airily about reducing inefficiency。but he slid past the hard choices t：hat will have to be made to stop health care from devouring ever-larger slices of the economy and tax dollar．A significant portion of the savings will have to come from the money we spend on seniors at the end of life because，as Willie Sutton explained about why he rubbed banks，that’s where the money’is．
E．As President Ob mna said．most of the uncontrolled growth in federal spending and the deficit cones from Medicare；nothing else comes close．Almost a third of the money spent by Medicare…about $66.8 bi]lion a year-goes to chronically ill patients in the last，two years of life．This might seem obvious…of smartarse the Costs come at the end，when patients are the sickest．But that can’t explain what researchers at Dartmouth have discovered：Medicare spends twice as much on similar patients in sonic parts of the country as hi others．The average cost of a Medicare patient in Miami is$1 6．351：the average in Honolulu is $5，311．In the．Bronx，N．Y．，it’s $12，543。In Far90，N．D．$5，738．1ittle average Medicare patient,undergoing end—of-life treatment spends 2 1。9 days in a blam_hat tan hospital．In Mason City，Iowa，he or she spends only 6．1 days．
F．An this treatment does not necessarily buy better care．In fact。the Dartmouth studies have found
worse outcomes in many states and cities where there is more health care．Why?Because just+going Into the hospital has risks-of infection，or error，or other lm foreseen complications．Some studies estimate that Americas are over treated by roughly 30 percent．—It's not about rationing care-that’s always the bogeyman(魔鬼)people use to block reform，”says Dr．Elliott Fisher，a professor’at Dartmouth Medical School．“The real problem．is unnecessary and unwanted care．”
G．But how do you decide which treatments to cut out?How do you choose between the necessary and the unnecessary?There has been talk among experts and lawmakers of giving more power to a panel of government experts to decide-Britain has one，called the National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence(known by the somewhat ironic acronym NICE．．But no one wants the horror stories of
denied care and long waits that are said to plague state—run national health·care systems．After the summer of angry town halls，no politician is going to get anywhere near something that could be called a“death panel”．
H．Ever-rising health—care spending now consumes about l7 percent of the economy，At the current rote of increase。it will devour a fifth of GDP by 2018。We cannot afford to sustain a productive economy with so much．money going to health care．Over tinle，economic reality may force us to adopt a
national health·care system like Britain’s or Canada's．But before that day arrives，there are stops we can take to reduce costs without totally turning the system inside out．
I．Other initiatives ensure that the elderly get counseling about end—of-life issues．Although demagogue (蛊惑民心的政客)as a“death panel”，a program in Wisconsin to get patients to talk to their doctors about how they want to deal win death was actually an outstanding success．A study by the Archives of Intermale Medicine shows that such conversations between doctors and patients call decrease costs by about 35 percent--while improving the quality of life at the end．
J．Patients should be encouraged to draft living wills to make their end．of-life desires known．
Unfortunately，such paper can be useless if there is a family member at the bedside demanding heroic measures．“A lot of the tittle guilt is playing a role，”says Dr．David Tokharian，a surgeon and CEO of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization．Doctors can feel guilty．too—about overtreating Patients roric Diana．recalls his unease over operating to treat a severe heart infection in a woman with two forms of metastatic(转移)cancer who was already comatose(昏迷的).The family insisted．
K．Studies show that about 70 percent of people want to die at home—but that about half die in hospitals．
There has been an important hl-crease in hospice(临终关怀病房)or palliative (缓解的)care--keeping patients with．incurable diseases as comfortable as possible while they live out the remainder of their lives．Hospice services are generally intended for the terminally ill in the last six months of life，but as  a practical matter, many people receive hospice care for only a few weeks.
L．That's what my mother wanted. After convincing the doctors that she meant it--that she really was ready to die--she was transferred from the ICU to a hospice, where, five days later, she passed away. In the ICU, as they removed all the monitors and pulled out all the tubes and wires, she made a shaking motion with her hands. She seemed to be signaling goodbye to all that--I'm free to go in peace.
Receipting counseling about end-of-life issues may improve the patients' quality of life at the end.


3、根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a para'graph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Green Growth
A． The enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time. It is also worrying. The environment is already under strain. What willhappen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, as demographers(人口统计学家) expect, and a growing proportion of these people can'afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity?
B .Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Western-centfic approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in global forums, or look to giant multinationals and well-heeled (富有的) NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable.
C． A new study by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) identifies 16 emerging-market firms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage. These highly profitable companies (which the study calls "the new sustainability champions") are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and forge relationships. Their home-grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West.
D． The most outstanding quality of these companies is that they turn limitationsof resources, labor and infrastructure) into opportunities. Thus, India's Shree Cement, which has tong suffered from water shortages, developed the world's most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling. Manila Water, a utility in the Philippines, reduced the amount of water it was losing, through wastage and illegal tapping, from 63% in 1997 to 12% in 2010 by making water affordable for the poor.
Broad Group, a Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste heat from buildings to power its machines. Zhangzidao Fishery Group, a Chinese aquaculture (水产养殖) company, recycles uneaten fish feed to fertilize crops.
E.Setting green goals is a common practice. Sekem, an Egyptian food producer, set itself the task of reclaiming ( 开垦) desert land through organic farming. Florida Ice & Farm, a Costa Rican food and drink company, has adopted strict standards for the amount of water it can consume in producing drinks.
F.These firms measure themselves by their greenery, too. Florida Ice & Farm, for example, links 60% of its boss's pay to the triple bottom line of "people, planet and profit". The sustainability champions also encourage their workers to come up with green ideas. Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics company, gives bonuses to staff who find ways to reduce the firm's impact on the environment. Masisa, a Chilean forestry company, invites employees to "imagine unimaginable businesses" aimed at poorer consumers. Woolworths, a South African retailer, claims that many of its best green ideas have come from staff, not bosses.
G.In emerging markets it is hard for companies to stick to one specialism, because they have to worry about so many wider problems, from humble infrastructure to unreliable supply chains. So the sustainability champions seek to shape the business environment in which they operate. They lobby (游说) regulators: Grupo Balbo, a Brazilian organic-sugar producer, is working with the Brazilian government to establish a certification system for organic products. They form partnerships with governments and NGOs. Kenya's Equity Bank has formed an alliance with groups such as The International Fund for Agricultural Development to reduce its risks when lending to smallholders. Natura has worked with its suppliers to produce sustainable packaging, including a new "green" plastic derived from sugar cane.
H. The firms also work hard to reach and educate poor consumers, often sacrificing short-term profits to create future markets. Masisa organizes local carpenters into networks and connects them to low-income furniture buyers. Broad Group has developed a miniature device for measuring air pollution that can fit into mobile phones. Jain Irrigation, an Indian maker of irrigation systems, uses dance and song to explain the benefits of drip irrigation to farmers who can't read. Suntech, a Chinese solar-power company, has established a low- carbon museum to celebrate ways of reducing carbon-dioxide emissions.
Rich became green, or green became rich?
I.One could quibble (争辩)with BCG's analysis. Phil Rosenzweig of Switzerland's IMD business school has argued that management writers are prone to "the halo effect": they treat the temporary success of a company as proof that it has discovered some eternal principle of good management. The fact that some successful companies have embraced greenery does not prove that greenery makes a firm successful. Some firms, having prospered, find they can afford to splurge ( 挥霍) on greenery. Some successful firrns pursue greenery for public-relations purposes. And for every sustainable emerging champion, there are surely 100 firms that have prospered by belching ( 喷出 ) fumes into the air or pumping toxins into rivers.
J.Nonetheless, the central message of the WEF-BCG study--that some of the best emerging-world companies are combining profits with greenery--is thought-provoking. Many critics of environmentalism argue that it is a rich-world luxury: that the poor need adequate food before they need super-clean air. Some even see greenery as a rich-world conspiracy ( 阴谋): the West grew rich by industrializing (and polluting ), but now wants to stop the rest of the world from following suit. The WEF-BCG report demonstrates that such fears are overblown. Emerging-world companies can be just as green as their Western rivals. Many have found that, when natural resources are scarce and consumers are cash-strapped ( 资金短缺的 ), greenery can be a lucrative(利润丰厚的) business strategy.
An air-conditioner manufacturer uses the waste heat from buildings to supply its machines with power.


4、

回答题
A Battle is Looming over Renewable Energy,and Fossil Fuel Interests are Losing
A． In state capitals across the country,legislators are debating proposals to roll back environmental rules，prodded by industry and advocacy groups eager to curtail(缩减)regulations aimed at curbing greenhouse gases．
B．The measures，which have been introduced in about 18 states，lie at the heart of an effort to expand to the state level the battle over fossil fuel and renewable energy．The new rules would trim or abolish climate mandates--including those that require utilities to use solar and wind energy,as well as proposed Environmental Protection Agency rules that would reduce carbon emissions from power plants．
C．But the campaign—despite its backing from powerful groups such as Americans for Prosperity—has run into a surprising roadblock：the growing political clout of renewable-energy interests，even in rock-ribbed Republican states such as Kansas．
D． The stage has been set for what one lobbyist called“trench warfare”as moneyed interests on both sides wrestle over some of the strongest regulations for promoting renewable energy．And the issues are likely to surface this fall in the midterm elections，as well，with Califomia billionaire Tom Steyer pouring money into various gubernatorial(州长的)and state and federal legislative races to back candidates who support tough rules curbing pollution．
E．The multi-pronged conservative effort to roll back regulations，begun more than a year ago，is supported by a loose，well．funded confederation that includes the U．S．Chamber of Commerce，the National Association of Manufacturers and conservative activist groups such as Americans for Prosperity,a politically active nonprofit organization founded in part by brothers David and Charles Koch．These groups argue that existing government rules violate free-market principles and will ultimately drive up costs for consumers．
F．The proposed measures are similar from state to state．In some cases，the legislative language matches or closely resembles model bills and resolutions offered by the American Legislative Exchange Council(ALEC)，a free-market．oriented group of state lawmakers underwritten in part by Exxon Mobil，Koch Industries，Duke Energy and Peabody Energy．“Now more than ever is the time for states to lead the way,”ALEC’s top officials told its members at a meeting in December．
G．The coalition campaigns have achieyed only symbolic victories in a few states．Nonbinding resolutions critical of the EPA power plant proposals have been approved in Alabama，Georgia，Nebraska，West Virginia and Wyoming．Three other states--Louisiana．Missouri and Ohio—are weighing legislation similar to the ALEC model．
H．Only one of the 18 state legislatures has approved a more substantive measure that would replace the EPA’s power plant rules．And even that bill．in Kentucky,could backfire by giving up a chance for the state to design its own program and forcing it to accept a federal compliance program．
I．“Clean energy is beginning to become mainstream，”said Gabe Eisner,executive director of the Energy and Policy Institute，a clean-energy think tank in Washington．“Renewable energy is popular and has increased political power now,”but，he added，“that power is still eclipsed by the resources of the fossil fuel industry．”
A surprisingly tough fight
J．Kansas might be the best place to see how these dynamics are unfolding．
K．The state was a promising choice for a foray(攻击)against rules known as renewable-energy standards．which set minimum levels of renewable-energy use by electric utilities．Variations of these rules have been adopted in about 30 states．even though Congress did not pass a federal version of the requirement．In Kansas，a law passed in 2009 requires utilities to use wind and solar power to generate
at least 15 percent of their electricity bv 2016 and 20 percent by 2020．
L．The coalition seeking the repeal of the renewable mandate had all the ingredients for success．Financial．muscle came from the Kansas Chamber of Commerce，which lobbied heavily for repeal．In addition，the state is home to Koch Industries，the Koch brothers’Wichita-based energy conglomerate(集团)．The state representative for Wichita，Republican Dennis Hedke，has called the company“one of the greatest success stories in the world”and said“they are making very positive contributions．”Hedke
chairs the state House’s Energy and Environment Committee．
M．Koch Industries，along with the utility industry’s Edison Electric Institute and the nation’s biggest coal company,Peabody Energy,have supported ALEC．which advised state lawmakers on repeal strategy．
N．“Koch has consistently opposed all subsidies and mandates across the board．especially as it relates to energy policy,”Philip Ellendea president and chief operating officer of Koch Companies Public Sector,said in a statement，citing the company’s opposition to the renewable fuel standard，wind production tax credit and ethanol(乙醇)mandate．“Government should not mandate the allocation or use of natural resources and raw materials in the production of goods．”
O．The ideological case was supported by conservative think tanks．Kansans for Liberty supposed repeal．and the state branch of Americans for Prosperity told supporters that“green energy mandates replace the free-market with bureaucratic government oversight，driving up costs for hard—working Kansas families．”The national group has spent$300．000 in the state pushing for the rollback of renewable standards．
P．Connections to key Kansas politicians also were stron9．Both the Kansas state Senate’s president．Susan Wagle，and the speaker of the state House，Ray Merrick，are members of the ALEC board and backed repeal．“The repeal of the RPS[Renewable Portfolio Standards]fits in line with the goals of the organization，”said Wagle，who said she joined ALEC in the 1990s in connection with her opposition to health-care reforln led by Hillary Rodham Clinton．then the first lady．
Q．Moreover’the Kansas economy relies heavily on fossil fuels．The state iS the nation’s 10th．1argest producer of crude oil and l 2th-largest of natural gas，according to the federal Energy Information Administration．In 2013，coal-fired power plants provided 61 percent of the state’s electricity,well above the national average．But the strong winds that blow across Kansas have carried new interests into the state．Kansas ranks sixth in the country in wind output，which jumped by a third last year and equaled 19 percent of the state’s electricity,the EIA says．
R． The growing number of wind farms not only generates power but royalties for landowners．Dorothy Barnett，executive director of the Climate and Energy Project，said that Kansas landowners receive more than$1 3 million a year．“This issue is an issue that touches rural Kansans，and we have a lot of rural Kansas legislators，”she said．

Resolutions with no binding force which are picky about the EPA power plant proposals have been accepted in many states such as Alabama and Georgia．


5、听音频：

回答问题：

A．Have dinner with friends．
B．Go out with severA．friends．
C．Stay home watching football game．
D．Stay home and do some housework。


填空题
6、根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Women still have a complex and contradictory relationship with their own image according to a poll that found 25 percent of those questioned (26) __________win the "America's Next Top Model" TV show than the Nobel Peace Prize.
And (27)__________75 percent of women surveyed said they would be willing to shave their heads to save the life of a stranger; more than a quarter of those (28)__________admitted they would make their best friend fat for life, if it meant they could be thin.
As for that age-old (29)__________of whether to marry for wealth or looks, half of the 18- to 24-year-olds questioned said they would marry an ugly man if he were a (30) __________.
The poll for U.S. television network Oxygen, which is targeted at young women, also found that 88 percent of18-to 34-year-old women would happily (31)__________their cell phone, jewelry and makeup to keep a friendship.
"This survey reveals an interesting analysis of today's woman and how she (32) __________ her personal image with what she values in her life," said Dr. Jenn Berman, psychotherapist and judge of the (33) __________new oxygen series "Pretty Wicked".
"As shown in several results, women today are a complex combination of altruistic and materialistic, ( 34 )__________and insecure, loyal and self-serving. This survey (35) __________the dichotomy (对分；二分法) in all of us," Berman said.
More than 2,000 women aged 18-34 were interviewed for the poll.
26.__________


7、 __________


简答题
8、

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
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9、西方人吃饭用刀子、叉子、勺，而中国人吃饭用筷子。中国是筷子的发源地，以筷进餐少说已有3000年历史。筷子，可谓是中国的国粹。它既轻巧又灵活，在世界各国的餐具中独树一帜，被西方人誉为“东方的文明(Orienta| Ci Vi | i zation)”。古今中外制作筷子的材料多达200余种，常见的有竹、木材和象牙等。有的筷子不仅是一种餐具，还是一种艺术品，在筷子上题词、刻诗和绘画等艺术形式多姿多彩。


10、You shouM write an announcement to welcome students tojoin a club．
写作导航
1．本社团活动的内容；
2．参加本社团的好处；
3．如何加入本社团