单项选择题
1、
A Brief History of Online Shopping
A）When Amazon.com opened for business 15 years ago，it was nothing more than a few people packing and shipping boxes of books from a two-car garage in Bellevue, WaSh．Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder’ and CEO, had left New York City．for the Pacific Northwest，using some of his time on the road to write the company’s business plan．Books were packed on a table made out of an extra door they found lying in the new home a practice the company continues today in spirit by making many of the office’s desks out of doors.
B）Now, on its 15th anniversary, Amazon can raise a toast to being one of the largest online retailers in the world，selling everything from trumpets and golf carts to dishwashers and clothes．Despite the economic recession，online retail：in the U.S．grew 11％ last year，according to a report released this March from Forrester Research．More than 150 million people about two-thirds of all Internet users in the U.S．-bought something online last year．It’s a staggering leap for an industry used by 27％ of the nation's online population a decade ago.
C）One of the first known Web purchases took place．in 1994．It was an Italian pizza with  mushrooms and extra cheese from Pizza Hut，a somewhat appropriate purchase for the early days of the Internet．When Amazon came on the scene not long after, selling books online was a curious idea．After all, why would people buy a textbook online when they could go to a bookstore? But eventually，a revolutionary change in culture and groupthink took place．Buying things online was all about price and selection，says Ellen Davis, a vice president with the National Retail Federation．If you lived in a small town with just one bookstore and they didn’t stock the novel you wanted，the Internet was a solution．
D）The big sellers were “hard goods,” those things you didn’t have to touch，feel or smell in order to buy, such as books, computers and other electronics．Now, nothing is off limits．“As the Internet has evolved，it’s become a channel where you can buy anything，”Davis says．“You can buy fragrances（香水）--something you would have normally thought you would need to go to a store and actually experience before you decided to buy．”
E）Part of the shift has to do with the normalizing of giving out personal information online．All it takes is one click of the purchase button before consumers start to feel more comfortable using their Credit-card information online，Davis says．Now some consumers have so much trust that they allow retailers to save their credit-card and shipping information，which has given rise to a painless checkout process．
F） And part of it had to do with making the online experience more like an in-store shopping trip．Many sites geared themselves toward consumers who like to try before they buy．While Web shoppers technically have to buy the item first，sites such as Zappos, which specializes in shoes，and Piperlime, which sells clothes and accessories，offer free shipping on returns．If you buy it，try it and don’t like it，having to return the item is less of a concern．Other stores try to make it easier for customers to get the look and feel of a product without actually handling the goods．Sears.com and Gap.com allow customers to zoom（拉近）way in on products to examine their material and color up close．Others such as Bed，Bath＆Beyond and Buy．com feature product videos that allow shoppers to see，for example, a grill（烤架）cleaner in action．And then there are sites like Overstock.com that capitalize on the goods physical stores can’t sell．Beyond its discounts, Overstock.com wins customer loyalty by making online deals with fiat-rate shipping of $2.95 on everything from earrings to refrigerators．
G）Even famously resistant designers and luxury retailers are putting goods online．According to Bain＆Co.’s luxury-goods study last year, while the luxury-goods industry overall lost 896 worldwide last year, luxury sales online grew 20％．This September MarcJacobs.com will have more than just videos of models walking on the runway on his website．Jacobs will join others such as Jimmy Ch00，Hugo Boss and Donna Karan，all of whom sell，or will soon start selling，products through their websites．The upside? Consumers will soon be able to buy many high-end goods without enduring the bad service of a department store salesclerk．
H）All of this online shopping has given rise to a new version of one of America’s favorite holidays．Cyber Monday was coined in 2005 to represent the boom in online sales that comes the Monday after Black Friday--the day after Thanksgiving and the largest shopping day of the year．Though Cyber Monday has never overshadowed Black Friday’s sales，customers are more comfortable doing shopping online than ever．83％of consumers say they are more confident in making a purchase when they have conducted research online as opposed to speaking to a salesperson in a store．
I）While retailers were initially terrified of what bad reviews could do to their bottom line，they’ve since witnessed the power of a compliment and embraced the practice．Despite initial fears，says Craig Berman, Amazon’s vice president of global communications, product reviews have only served to increase their customer loyalty．“It helped us build customer trust.” he says．“It put us in a special place with customers in that they could come to the site and get honest and comprehensive--and overtime, very substantial--firsthand knowledge from other customers.” Berman says the company has some reviewers who take online shopping to heart．“There are some customers who are extraordinarily proud of being one of our top reviewers--they take their job really seriously．’’Some of Amazon’s customers are greedy readers who consider it their duty to review one or two books every single week．While the company may have come a long way from its roots，the company’s original specialty has not been forgotten．
In the early time of online shopping，the goods that you didn’t have to touch，feel or smell in order to buy sold best．

2、听录音,回答题

A． It'll enable them to enjoy the best medical care.
B． It'll allow them to receive free medical treatment.
C． It'll protect them from possible financial crises.
D． It'll prevent the doctors from overcharging them.


3、听录音,回答题

A． She is thirsty for promotion.
B． She wants a much higher salary.
C． She is tired of her present work.
D． She wants to save travel expenses.


4、听录音,回答题

A．Family violence．
B．The Great Depression．
C．Her fathers disloyalty．
D．Her mother’S bad temper．


5、听录音,回答题

A． Water.
B． Wood.
C． Lye.
D． Oil.


6、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Until recently,I had liale idea what palm oil(棕榈油)is and why some people consider it one of the most controversial ingredients found in nearly half of our supermarket products．But when I found out why people were upset，1 was moved to take action．
The Southeast Asian country of Indonesia is the world’s biggest exporter of palm oil，which has been both a blessing and a curse．It's a massive industry,providing income for thousands of workers，but palm oilis also the largest driver of the mass destruction of Indonesia’s rain forests．The consequences of this destruction are significant：the loss of biodiversity,conflicts with communities who depend on the forest for their own livelihoods，and increasing emissions of green house gases that cause climate change．
Forests are home to countless species．There are as few as 400 Sumatran tigers left in Indonesia,and their time on earth is running out．Greenpeace has released research showing that the expansion of oil palm and pulpwood plantations was responsible for nearly two-thirds of the destruction of Sumatran tiger habitat from 2009 to 20 11．Sumatran tigers，forced to flee from the destruction of their homes,also find themselves in direct contact with humans．Many are killed or maimed as local residents try to protect themselves from the scared animals．The decline of Sumatlan tigers is a measure of the loss of rain forest，biodiversity and also climate stability．If the tigers disappear,then we are facing all environmental tragedy．
If you eat chocolate，wash your hair or your clothes，there’s a good chance you are being made a part of this cycle of destruction．And not by choice．Palm oil can and must make a genuine contribution to Indonesia and its people．And part of the solution rests with global brands that make the products we consume daily．Palm oil that results from forest destruction is traded around the world．But together we can say enough is enough．It’s time big brands guarantee you and me that forest destruction is not a part of their products．
We are all a part of the future，and together we can ensure these magnificent animals are．too．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Why is the great export of palm oil both a blessing and a curse?
A．Because every coin has two sides，without the exception of export of palm oil．
B．Because it is both a stimulation of economy increase and climate warming．
C．Because it both makes contribution to climate improvement and economy decline．
D．Because it is both the driver of large income and huge destruction of forests．


7、根据以下内容，回答题。
Being Objective on Climate Change
A.Last week，Craig Rucker,a climate-change skeptic and the executive director of a nonprofit organization called the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow(CFACT)，tweeted a quotation supposedly taken from a 1922 edition of the Washington Post：“Within a few years it is predicted due to ice melt the sea will rise＆make most coastal cities uninhabitable．”The intent，of course，was to poke fun at current headlines about climate change．
B.Rucker’s organization is a member ofthe Cooler Heads Coalition，an umbrella organization operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute，a nonprofit that prides itself on its opposition to environmental ists．Rucker himself is part of a network of bloggers，op-cd writers，and policy-shop executives who argue that climate change is either a hoax or all example of left-wing hysteria．Surfacing old newspaper clips is one of their favorite games．They also make substantive arguments about climate policy,but the sniping may be more effective．There is no stronger rhetorical tool than ridicule．
C.In this case，Ruckcr’s ridicule seems misplaced．After spending a few minutes poking around online，1 was able to find both the Washington Post article and the longer SourCe material that it came from—a weather report issued by the U．S．consul in Bergen，Norway,and sent to the State Department on october 1 0，1 922．The report didn’t say anything about coasts being inundated．This isn’t surprising．Scientists wete smart back then，too,and they knew that melting sea ice wouldn’t appreciably raise sea levels．any more than a melting ice cube raises the level of water in a glass．
D.Rucker ultimately corrected his tweet once commenters pointed out the misquote．Through Twitter,he informed me that he had taken the line from a Washington Times op—ed by Richard Rahn，a senior fellow at the Cato Institute．When I contacted Rahn’s office．a press representative acknowledged that Rahn had copied the quote from other bloggers and columnists；the fabricated sentence appears in articles at reason．corn and texasgopvote．corn．The fabricated line seems to have been inserted around 2011．but the original article has been circulating online since 2007．
E. The statement about rising sea levels aside，1 922 really was a strange period in the Svalbard archipelago．the area described by the weather report．The islands lie halfway between Norway and the North Pole,at a latitude that puts them several hundred miles farther north than Barrow,alaska．“The Arctic seems to be warming up．”the report read．In August of that year,a geologist near the island of Spitsbergen sailed as far north as eighty-one degrees．twenty．nine minutes in ice-free water．This was highly unusual．The previous several summers had likewise been warrn．Seal populations had moved farther north，and formerly unseen stretches of coast were now accessible．
F.What are we to take from this historical evidence?A central tenet for Rucker and his colleagues is mat today’s sea．ice retreat。warming surface temperatures，and similar observations are short-lived anomalies of a kind that often happened in the past—and that overzealous scientists and gullible media are quick to drum up crises where none exist．Favorite examples include numerous newspaper articles from the nineteen．seventies that predicted the advent of a new ice age．In fact．it's possible to find articles from nearly every decade of the past century that seem to imply information about the climate that turned out to be premature or wrong．
G.The 1922 article has been quoted repeatedly by Rucker’s comrades-in-arms since its 2007 rebirth in the Washington Times．For nearly that long，scientists have been objecting．Gavin Schmidt，a climate modeler and the deputy director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies，points out that what was an anomaly in 1922 is now the norm：the waters near Spitsbergen are clear of ice at the end of every summer．More important，long-term temperature and sea-ice records indicate that the dramatic sea-ice retreat in the early nineteen．twenties was short-lived．It also occurred locally around svalbard—the unusual conditions didn’t even encompass the whole Norwegian Sea，let alone the rest of the Arctic．
H. 0ver the weekend，after retracting his previous tweet，Rucker posted a link to a blog item about a different article．this one a 1932 New York Times story．The eighty-year-old headline reads，“The Next Great Deluge Forecast By Science：Melting Polar Ice Caps to Raise the Level of the Seas and Flood the Continents．”That one sounded juicy,and，indeed，this time the text was correct：that really is what the headline said．Ironically,the lcad researcher cited in the piece was a German scientist named Alfred Wegener,who has sometimes been considered a hero of climate-change deniers for a completely different reason．Wegener is known for proposing the phenomenon of continental drift starting around the First Wbrid War,The idea was ridiculed before gaining acceptance in the nineteen-sixties，once
ample evidence had been amassed．Wegener’s lifc story,then，is used to support the idea that the small number of researchers in the field who downplay the risk of anthropogenic climate change will one day prevail．
I.In reality,the potential for anthropogenic global warming was being discussed earlier than continental drift．and took even longer to gain wide acceptance．The versatile Professor Wegener was a geophysicist and polar researcher who spent much of his career studying meteorology in Greenland，and trying to unlock the secrets of the Earth’s past．His elevated place in the current climate-change debate is
abstracted from history．
J.In any case，it’s not clear that the bloggers linking to the 1932 article read much beyond the headline．Thc article does discuss a collapse of the ice sheets that would raise sea levels by more than a hundred feet—but it says that event lies thirty to forty thousand years in the future．There’s nothing wrong with examining old newspaper articles for clues about climate conditions in the past．Legitimate climate researchers look at historical documents of all kinds．However,a good-faith effort to arrive at the truth would not rely on cherry-picking catchy headlines．It would require considering the context and looking at all the evidence．At the very least．it wouldn’t allow for deliberate distortions．A prediction that the ice caps might melt by the year 42，000 is hardly all example of climate alarmism．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Unlike melting ice in the glass，the melting sea ice cannot easily raise sea level．


简答题
8、听录音，回答题
We're now witnessing the emergence of an advanced economy based on information and knowledge．Physical labor, raw materials, and capital are no longer the key (26．__________in the creation of wealth．Now, the (27．__________raw material in our economy is knowledge．Tomorrow's   wealth   depends   on   the   development   and   exchange   of   knowledge．  And (28．__________entering the workforce offer their knowledge, not their muscles．Knowledge workers  get  paid  for  their  education  and  their  ability  to learn．  Knowledge  workers(29．__________ mind work．They deal with symbols: words, figures, and data．
What does all this mean for you? As a future knowledge worker, you can expect to  be(30．__________ , processing, as well as exchanging information．(31．__________three out of four jobs involve some form of mind work, and that number will increase sharply in the  future．Management  and  employees  alike  will  be  malting  decisions  in  such  areas  as (32．__________ development, quality control, and customer satisfaction．
In the new world of work, you can look forward to being in constant training to acquire new skills that will help you (33．__________ improved technologies and procedures．You can also expect to be taking greater control Of your career．Gone are the nine-to-five jobs, lifetime security, predictable promotions, and even the (34．__________ workplace, as you are familiar with．Don'texpect the companies will (35．__________ a clearly-defined career path．And don't wait for,someone to "empower" you．You have to empower yourseff．
第(26)题__________


9、太极拳(Ta i ch i Chuan)是我国一项传统的健身运动项目。自古以来中国人就有练习太极拳的习惯，以此来达到强身健体的目的。随着群众体育运动的普及，越来越多的人喜欢上了打太极拳。太极拳是现在很多中老年人锻炼的主要项目。早上要是去公园溜达，你会发现有很多老人在打太极拳。对于老年人而言，打太极拳是一项古老也是有效的养生方式。


10、中国高速客运铁路。常被简称为“中国高铁”。它作为现代社会的一种新的运输方式。有着运载能力大、运输效率高、运行速度快、节能环保等特点。在运载能力和效率上，一趟列车可以运送1000多人，每隔5分钟就可以开出一趟列车；在运行速度上，目前设计时速可达350公里；在节能环保上，高速铁路是绿色交通工具，非常适应节能减排(energy-say i ng and em i ss i on-reduct；on)的要求。