2015年英语四级考试每日一练(9月8日)
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单项选择题
1、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Food waste has been a chronic problem for restaurants and grocery stores--with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles，stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger dragon the bottom line.
Restaurants，colleges，hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems，making food in smaller packages or trying to compost（将……制成堆肥）and cut down on trash-hauling costs.
“We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen，and the elephant is this It’s okay to waste’ belief system，”said Andrew Shackman, president of Lean Path，a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste.
The interest level in cutting food waste “has just skyrocketed in the last six to nine months.” he said.
Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste，costing some$48 billion annually，according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8percent this year, the biggest jump in decades，according the National Restaurant Association.
Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no trays.
“You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink，but it’s not that different，”said Caitlin Mewborn, a freshman “It’s not a big trouble. You take less food. and you don’t eat more than you should.”
Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls，said Denny Cochrane，manager of Virginia Tech’s sustainability program. Before the program began，students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet（自助餐），only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs，he said.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
High price of products makes the problem of food waste __________.
A．less serious
B．more urgent
C．less noticeable
D．more unsolvable
2、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Food waste has been a chronic problem for restaurants and grocery stores--with inillious of tons lostalong the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles，stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared onbusy restaurant assembly lines.But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger dragon the bottom line.
Restaurants，colleges，hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste innovel ways.Some are tracking their trash with software systems，making food in smaller packages ortrying to compost（将……制成堆肥．and cut down on trash-hauling costs.
“We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen，and the elephant isthis‘It’s okay to waste’belief system，”said Andrew Shackman，president of LeanPath，a company thathelps restaurants cut back food waste.
The interest level in cutting food waste“has just skyrocketed in the last six to nine months.”he said.
Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste，costing some$48 billion annually，according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study.A University of Arizona study estimated that40 to50 percent of food in the United States is wasted.Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8percent this year,the biggest jump in decades，according the National Restaurant Association.
Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s
biggest dining halls to find there were no trays.
“You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink，but it’S not that different，”said CaltlinMewborn,a ffeshman“It’S not a big trouble.You take less food.and you don’t eat more than you should.”Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls，said Denny Cochrane，manager of Virginia Tech’S sustainability program.Before the program began，students often grabbedwhatever looked good at the buffet（自助餐．，only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger thantheir stomachs，he said.
High price of products makes the problem of food waste————————————.
A．less serious
B．more urgent
C．less noticeable
D．more unsolvable
3、听录音,回答题
A．Time spent exercising．
B．Time spent working.
C．Time spent on leisure activities．
D．Time spent with friends and family.
4、根据材料，回答问题。
Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.
For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have eactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else--he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. " Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. "
Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way.
Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only"having a look around". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps,before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.
When a man is buying clothes, __________.
A．he chooses things that others recormnend
B．he buys cheap things, regardless of quality
C．he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensive
D．he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things
填空题
5、听音频,回答题
Dung the nineteenth century，when little was known about environmentalism and conservation，it was common to hear people in Europe and America say that there sources of the sea（26）_____.They believed the world and nature would continuously reproduce all the resources they would need. For example, a（27）_____ biologist writing in the mid-nineteenth century commented that none of the great sea fisheries were to be（28）_____. Today，though，there is evidence that the resources of the sea are seriously endangered.
（29）_____, environmentalists have focused their attention on the land and air. Recently, however, they are beginning to discover that the resources of the sea are in as much danger. The list of endangered（30）_____ now included herring and crabs as well as the African elephant，Indian tiger, and the American eagle.
Furthermore，the threats to fish are more（31）_____ in some ways than the threats to animals and birds. This is because fish are a much more needed food source，and people（32）_____ depend on fish as an important part of their diet. Hence，a decline in the fish supply could have（33）_____ effects on hunger and population. Fishermen in the North Atlantic alone annually harvest 20 billion pounds of fish to（34）_____ food demand，but the world needs to recognize that these practices cannot continue without depleting fish reserves within the next few years. Rapidly declining sea resources in many parts of the world are problems that cannot be ignored any longer. Unlike the（35）_____ in the nineteenth century，we now know that food supplies in the sea cannot last forever.
第(26)题__________
简答题
6、听录音，回答题
Everybody wants to get wealthy．In today’s（26）_____ world，making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability．Many people just make every effort，pay any price to（27）_____ greater wealth．with money，they can buy nice，large（28）_____ in nice neighborhoods；with money they can own stately（29）_____ cars．Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life．
But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really．There are many things in the world which are beyond（30）_____ money， such as friendship，love，health and knowledge．Many people are so preoccupied with（31）_____ money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship．What happiness can they feel living as lonely，（32）_____ creatures with no true love or friends in the world，even if they（33）_____ tremendous wealth?
In my opinion，people can’t do anything without money，but money is not everything．What money will bring you depends on your personal（34）_____ and goal in life．If you are kind enough to help others．especially the poor，money is a good thing for you．with it，you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country，and it will（35）_____ your own happiness． If you want money just for your own needs，you’ll never be satisfied or happy． In a word， only if you are generous can money be the source of your happiness．
第(26)题__________
7、幸福可以被描述为一种积极的情绪和愉快的心态。根据近的民意测验，百分之六十到七十的美国人认为自己是基本上幸福的，而每二十个人中就有一个人认为自己不幸福。心理学家一直在研究构成幸福的因素。他们发现，幸福是不可预知的，一个看起来处于理想环境的人并不一定会感到幸福，理想的环境和他的实际感觉之间可能没有什么关系。
8、1.近来，在看到他人遇到困难时，很少人会伸出援助之手；
2.这个现象产生的原因；
3.我的看法。
9、 Directions For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of harmonious campus. You should start your essaywith a brief account of your understanding of harmonious ctvnpus andthen explain how to build it. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.
10、“一年之计在于春，一日之计在于晨”。从这句耳熟能详的俗语中可见早餐对人体健康的重要性。早晨应要有足够的营养摄入(nutr i t i ona |jntake)。以保证有一个良好的工作和生活状态。欧美人非常重视早餐。他们认为早餐若吃得舒服，即表示今天一天会有愉快、满意的时光。有些人甚至利用早餐时间，边吃边谈生意。然而根据营养学家的调查发现。目前还有很多人没有养成吃早餐的习惯或是吃早餐过于随意。
1、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Food waste has been a chronic problem for restaurants and grocery stores--with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles，stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger dragon the bottom line.
Restaurants，colleges，hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems，making food in smaller packages or trying to compost（将……制成堆肥）and cut down on trash-hauling costs.
“We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen，and the elephant is this It’s okay to waste’ belief system，”said Andrew Shackman, president of Lean Path，a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste.
The interest level in cutting food waste “has just skyrocketed in the last six to nine months.” he said.
Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste，costing some$48 billion annually，according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8percent this year, the biggest jump in decades，according the National Restaurant Association.
Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no trays.
“You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink，but it’s not that different，”said Caitlin Mewborn, a freshman “It’s not a big trouble. You take less food. and you don’t eat more than you should.”
Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls，said Denny Cochrane，manager of Virginia Tech’s sustainability program. Before the program began，students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet（自助餐），only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs，he said.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
High price of products makes the problem of food waste __________.
A．less serious
B．more urgent
C．less noticeable
D．more unsolvable
2、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Food waste has been a chronic problem for restaurants and grocery stores--with inillious of tons lostalong the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles，stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared onbusy restaurant assembly lines.But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger dragon the bottom line.
Restaurants，colleges，hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste innovel ways.Some are tracking their trash with software systems，making food in smaller packages ortrying to compost（将……制成堆肥．and cut down on trash-hauling costs.
“We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen，and the elephant isthis‘It’s okay to waste’belief system，”said Andrew Shackman，president of LeanPath，a company thathelps restaurants cut back food waste.
The interest level in cutting food waste“has just skyrocketed in the last six to nine months.”he said.
Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste，costing some$48 billion annually，according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study.A University of Arizona study estimated that40 to50 percent of food in the United States is wasted.Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8percent this year,the biggest jump in decades，according the National Restaurant Association.
Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s
biggest dining halls to find there were no trays.
“You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink，but it’S not that different，”said CaltlinMewborn,a ffeshman“It’S not a big trouble.You take less food.and you don’t eat more than you should.”Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls，said Denny Cochrane，manager of Virginia Tech’S sustainability program.Before the program began，students often grabbedwhatever looked good at the buffet（自助餐．，only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger thantheir stomachs，he said.
High price of products makes the problem of food waste————————————.
A．less serious
B．more urgent
C．less noticeable
D．more unsolvable
3、听录音,回答题
A．Time spent exercising．
B．Time spent working.
C．Time spent on leisure activities．
D．Time spent with friends and family.
4、根据材料，回答问题。
Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.
For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have eactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else--he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. " Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. "
Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way.
Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only"having a look around". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps,before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.
When a man is buying clothes, __________.
A．he chooses things that others recormnend
B．he buys cheap things, regardless of quality
C．he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensive
D．he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things
填空题
5、听音频,回答题
Dung the nineteenth century，when little was known about environmentalism and conservation，it was common to hear people in Europe and America say that there sources of the sea（26）_____.They believed the world and nature would continuously reproduce all the resources they would need. For example, a（27）_____ biologist writing in the mid-nineteenth century commented that none of the great sea fisheries were to be（28）_____. Today，though，there is evidence that the resources of the sea are seriously endangered.
（29）_____, environmentalists have focused their attention on the land and air. Recently, however, they are beginning to discover that the resources of the sea are in as much danger. The list of endangered（30）_____ now included herring and crabs as well as the African elephant，Indian tiger, and the American eagle.
Furthermore，the threats to fish are more（31）_____ in some ways than the threats to animals and birds. This is because fish are a much more needed food source，and people（32）_____ depend on fish as an important part of their diet. Hence，a decline in the fish supply could have（33）_____ effects on hunger and population. Fishermen in the North Atlantic alone annually harvest 20 billion pounds of fish to（34）_____ food demand，but the world needs to recognize that these practices cannot continue without depleting fish reserves within the next few years. Rapidly declining sea resources in many parts of the world are problems that cannot be ignored any longer. Unlike the（35）_____ in the nineteenth century，we now know that food supplies in the sea cannot last forever.
第(26)题__________
简答题
6、听录音，回答题
Everybody wants to get wealthy．In today’s（26）_____ world，making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability．Many people just make every effort，pay any price to（27）_____ greater wealth．with money，they can buy nice，large（28）_____ in nice neighborhoods；with money they can own stately（29）_____ cars．Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life．
But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really．There are many things in the world which are beyond（30）_____ money， such as friendship，love，health and knowledge．Many people are so preoccupied with（31）_____ money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship．What happiness can they feel living as lonely，（32）_____ creatures with no true love or friends in the world，even if they（33）_____ tremendous wealth?
In my opinion，people can’t do anything without money，but money is not everything．What money will bring you depends on your personal（34）_____ and goal in life．If you are kind enough to help others．especially the poor，money is a good thing for you．with it，you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country，and it will（35）_____ your own happiness． If you want money just for your own needs，you’ll never be satisfied or happy． In a word， only if you are generous can money be the source of your happiness．
第(26)题__________
7、幸福可以被描述为一种积极的情绪和愉快的心态。根据近的民意测验，百分之六十到七十的美国人认为自己是基本上幸福的，而每二十个人中就有一个人认为自己不幸福。心理学家一直在研究构成幸福的因素。他们发现，幸福是不可预知的，一个看起来处于理想环境的人并不一定会感到幸福，理想的环境和他的实际感觉之间可能没有什么关系。
8、1.近来，在看到他人遇到困难时，很少人会伸出援助之手；
2.这个现象产生的原因；
3.我的看法。
9、 Directions For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of harmonious campus. You should start your essaywith a brief account of your understanding of harmonious ctvnpus andthen explain how to build it. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.
10、“一年之计在于春，一日之计在于晨”。从这句耳熟能详的俗语中可见早餐对人体健康的重要性。早晨应要有足够的营养摄入(nutr i t i ona |jntake)。以保证有一个良好的工作和生活状态。欧美人非常重视早餐。他们认为早餐若吃得舒服，即表示今天一天会有愉快、满意的时光。有些人甚至利用早餐时间，边吃边谈生意。然而根据营养学家的调查发现。目前还有很多人没有养成吃早餐的习惯或是吃早餐过于随意。
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