2015年英语四级考试每日一练(11月4日)
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单项选择题
1、听录音,
回答题
A．The man found himself in a wrong place．
B．The man is the manager’s business associate．
C．The woman was putting up a sign on the wall．
D．The woman is the manager’s secretary．
2、听录音,回答题
A．Bring him up to date on the current situation in Milan.
B．Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.
C．Fetch the documents signed by Mr Gartner.
D．Accompany Mr Gartner to the Linate airport.
3、Questions are based on the following passage.
Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurable improvements in learning. Between 1980 and 2008, staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.
Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses.
A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the sldlls they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.
Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.
Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the underperforming students who were thrown out of public schools and went to private ones.
A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for worldng outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay,difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.
Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. Women's liberation opened up new professional opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the best left teaching as a career option, bringing about a gradual decline in the quality of schooling.
Also around that time, regulations, government, and unions came to dictate pay, prevent ac~ustments,and introduce bureaucratic (官僚的) standard for advancement. Large education bureaucracies and unions came to dominate the landscape, confusing activity with achievement. Bureaucrats regularly rewrite curriculums, talk nonsense about theories of education, and require ever more admires" trators. The end result has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math and reading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spending far less on education--as all the accumulating evidence now documents.
What do we learn from various studies on America's public education?
A． Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.
B． Public schools-lack the resources to compete with private schools.
C． Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending.
D． The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers.
4、听录音,
回答题
A． She used to be in poor health.
B． She was popular among boys.
C． She was somewhat overweight.
D． She didn't do well at high school.
5、
Surviving the Recession
A．America's recession began quietly at the end of 2007．Since then it has evolved into a global crisis.Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame．Financiers who were not as clever as theythought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicianswho thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; andwhat a mess they have created.
B．Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs．More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underem-ployed-roughiy 25 million workers．The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilitiesand the federal government．The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its
peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat．In-dustrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War.Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody's Economy.com, predicts that the recession will shrink America'seconomy by 3.5% in total．For most executives, this is the worst business environment they've everseen.
C．Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts．Median (中为数的) pay for chief executivesof S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008．The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took thebiggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero．But there was some painfor everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-fmancial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell．For example, Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriotthotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September llth,2001．When thetwin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling．Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues perroom falling by 25%．This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is "putting the samenumbers on the board", says Mr Soreuson.
D．The hotel bust (不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaldng boom．Although many otherbig firm.s resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers borrowed heavily and built bigger andfancier hotels as if the whole world were planning a holiday in Las Vegas．When the bubble burst,demand collapsed．Hotel owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lotof unnecessary new hotels were ready to open.
E．Other industries have suffered even more．Large numbers of builders, property firms and retailershave gone bankrupt．And a disaster has hit Detroit．Last year the American car industry had the ca-pacity to make 17 million vehicles．Sales in 2009 could be barely haft of that．The Big Three Ameri-can carmakers--General Motors, Ford and Chrysler--accumulated ruinous costs over the post-waryears, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48．Allthree are desperately restructuring．Only Ford may survive in its current form．Hard times breed hardfeelings．Few Americans understand what caused the recession．Some are seeking scapegoats (替罪羊).Politicians are happy to take advantage．Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scoldedon live television．The president condemns their greed.
Extravagance (奢侈 ) is out
F．Businessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant．Meetings at resorts are sud-denly unacceptable．Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at thelast minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun．Anyway, thepain will eventually end．American business will regain its shine．Many firms will die, but the sur-vivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before．The financial sector's share of the economy willshrink, and stay shrunk for years to come．The importance of non-financial firms will accordinglyrise, along with their ability to attract the best talent．America will remain the best place on earth todo business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to inter-fere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay its hand.
G．The crisis will prove hugely disruptive (破坏性的), however．Bad management techniques will be ex-posed．Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient ones．At the same time, technologicalinnovation (创新) will barely pause for breath, and two big political changes seem likely．Mr Obama'splan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free,whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest．The shift to a loW-carbon economy willhelp some firms, hurt others and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how itoperates．It "is harder to predict how Mr Obama's proposed reforms to the failing health-care systemwill turn out．If he succeeds in curbing costs--a big if--it would be a huge gain for America．Somebusinesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their em-ployers.
H．In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, carefulof debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want．They will includeplenty of names no one has yet heard of．Times change, and corporations change with them．In 1955Time's Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM．His firm was leading America towards"a new economic order", the magazine wrote．Thanks to men like Curtice, "the bonds of scarcity"had been broken and America was rolling "to an all-time high of prosperity"．Soon, Americans wouldneed to spend "comparatively little time earning a living".
I．Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management．In March its chief executive wasfired by Time's current Man of the Year, Mr Obama．The government now backs up the domestic carindustry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans．With luck, this will be short-lived．Butthere is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts ofthe economy．And clever as Mr Obama's advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.
Because Harlow Curtice's firm was leading America in creating "a new economic order", he wasnamed by Time magazine as Man of the Year in 1955.
6、听录音，回答题
A．To make a business report to the woman.
B．To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.
C．To resign from his position in the woman's company.
D．To exchange stock market information with the woman.
7、听录音，回答题
A．She stopped being a homemaker.
B．She became a famous educator.
C．She became a public figure.
D．She quit driving altogether.
简答题
8、饺子（Jiaozi．）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与早的纸币的名字相似。所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或速拯酱（hot sauce．的以酱油（soy sauce．为基础的沾酱。
9、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a briefaccount of the phenomenon people run red lights on purpose and thenexplain how to deal with it. You should write at least 120 ords but nomore than 180 words.
10、 Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of the popularity of green food. You should start youressay with a brief account of the existing difficulties to carry out greenfood and then make comments on how to deal with it. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.
1、听录音,
回答题
A．The man found himself in a wrong place．
B．The man is the manager’s business associate．
C．The woman was putting up a sign on the wall．
D．The woman is the manager’s secretary．
2、听录音,回答题
A．Bring him up to date on the current situation in Milan.
B．Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.
C．Fetch the documents signed by Mr Gartner.
D．Accompany Mr Gartner to the Linate airport.
3、Questions are based on the following passage.
Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurable improvements in learning. Between 1980 and 2008, staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.
Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses.
A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the sldlls they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.
Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.
Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the underperforming students who were thrown out of public schools and went to private ones.
A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for worldng outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay,difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.
Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. Women's liberation opened up new professional opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the best left teaching as a career option, bringing about a gradual decline in the quality of schooling.
Also around that time, regulations, government, and unions came to dictate pay, prevent ac~ustments,and introduce bureaucratic (官僚的) standard for advancement. Large education bureaucracies and unions came to dominate the landscape, confusing activity with achievement. Bureaucrats regularly rewrite curriculums, talk nonsense about theories of education, and require ever more admires" trators. The end result has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math and reading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spending far less on education--as all the accumulating evidence now documents.
What do we learn from various studies on America's public education?
A． Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.
B． Public schools-lack the resources to compete with private schools.
C． Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending.
D． The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers.
4、听录音,
回答题
A． She used to be in poor health.
B． She was popular among boys.
C． She was somewhat overweight.
D． She didn't do well at high school.
5、
Surviving the Recession
A．America's recession began quietly at the end of 2007．Since then it has evolved into a global crisis.Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame．Financiers who were not as clever as theythought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicianswho thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; andwhat a mess they have created.
B．Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs．More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underem-ployed-roughiy 25 million workers．The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilitiesand the federal government．The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its
peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat．In-dustrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War.Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody's Economy.com, predicts that the recession will shrink America'seconomy by 3.5% in total．For most executives, this is the worst business environment they've everseen.
C．Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts．Median (中为数的) pay for chief executivesof S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008．The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took thebiggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero．But there was some painfor everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-fmancial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell．For example, Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriotthotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September llth,2001．When thetwin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling．Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues perroom falling by 25%．This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is "putting the samenumbers on the board", says Mr Soreuson.
D．The hotel bust (不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaldng boom．Although many otherbig firm.s resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers borrowed heavily and built bigger andfancier hotels as if the whole world were planning a holiday in Las Vegas．When the bubble burst,demand collapsed．Hotel owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lotof unnecessary new hotels were ready to open.
E．Other industries have suffered even more．Large numbers of builders, property firms and retailershave gone bankrupt．And a disaster has hit Detroit．Last year the American car industry had the ca-pacity to make 17 million vehicles．Sales in 2009 could be barely haft of that．The Big Three Ameri-can carmakers--General Motors, Ford and Chrysler--accumulated ruinous costs over the post-waryears, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48．Allthree are desperately restructuring．Only Ford may survive in its current form．Hard times breed hardfeelings．Few Americans understand what caused the recession．Some are seeking scapegoats (替罪羊).Politicians are happy to take advantage．Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scoldedon live television．The president condemns their greed.
Extravagance (奢侈 ) is out
F．Businessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant．Meetings at resorts are sud-denly unacceptable．Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at thelast minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun．Anyway, thepain will eventually end．American business will regain its shine．Many firms will die, but the sur-vivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before．The financial sector's share of the economy willshrink, and stay shrunk for years to come．The importance of non-financial firms will accordinglyrise, along with their ability to attract the best talent．America will remain the best place on earth todo business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to inter-fere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay its hand.
G．The crisis will prove hugely disruptive (破坏性的), however．Bad management techniques will be ex-posed．Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient ones．At the same time, technologicalinnovation (创新) will barely pause for breath, and two big political changes seem likely．Mr Obama'splan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free,whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest．The shift to a loW-carbon economy willhelp some firms, hurt others and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how itoperates．It "is harder to predict how Mr Obama's proposed reforms to the failing health-care systemwill turn out．If he succeeds in curbing costs--a big if--it would be a huge gain for America．Somebusinesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their em-ployers.
H．In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, carefulof debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want．They will includeplenty of names no one has yet heard of．Times change, and corporations change with them．In 1955Time's Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM．His firm was leading America towards"a new economic order", the magazine wrote．Thanks to men like Curtice, "the bonds of scarcity"had been broken and America was rolling "to an all-time high of prosperity"．Soon, Americans wouldneed to spend "comparatively little time earning a living".
I．Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management．In March its chief executive wasfired by Time's current Man of the Year, Mr Obama．The government now backs up the domestic carindustry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans．With luck, this will be short-lived．Butthere is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts ofthe economy．And clever as Mr Obama's advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.
Because Harlow Curtice's firm was leading America in creating "a new economic order", he wasnamed by Time magazine as Man of the Year in 1955.
6、听录音，回答题
A．To make a business report to the woman.
B．To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.
C．To resign from his position in the woman's company.
D．To exchange stock market information with the woman.
7、听录音，回答题
A．She stopped being a homemaker.
B．She became a famous educator.
C．She became a public figure.
D．She quit driving altogether.
简答题
8、饺子（Jiaozi．）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与早的纸币的名字相似。所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或速拯酱（hot sauce．的以酱油（soy sauce．为基础的沾酱。
9、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a briefaccount of the phenomenon people run red lights on purpose and thenexplain how to deal with it. You should write at least 120 ords but nomore than 180 words.
10、 Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of the popularity of green food. You should start youressay with a brief account of the existing difficulties to carry out greenfood and then make comments on how to deal with it. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.
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