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单项选择题
1、Questions are based on the following passage．
Once the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient’s cancer，doctors face aul even more difficult question：how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment?
The issue is a challenge for physicians because，unlike with cancer therapies，there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects  including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue．But addressing these seemingly coluinon complications（并发症）is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle，which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment．
That’s why Dr．Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors yoga--to the test．In a paper she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology（肿瘤学）（Asco）annual meeting in June，Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga—a slow-moving form of the discipline-and tested its effect on improving：the quality of life for cancer survivors．
Called YOCAS，the four-week program involved sessi。ons of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each，in combination with breathing exercises and meditation（冥想）．Among the 410 participants，who were divided into yoga and traditional follow-up care groups，those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga．They also reported better quality of life overall，Mnstian says．
For cancer physicians．the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients．“Many patients ask about complementary（互补的）therapies，whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga，”says Dr,Douglas Blayney，medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO．“I often don’t know what to tell them because there isn't a lot of science on these complementary therapies．Here is a scientific study showing benefit，so at least we can have some assurance in telling women that here is a yoga program，here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life．’’
What bothers the cancer physicians after determining the treatment plan?
A．How to prevent the side effects from appearing．
B．How to handle the side effects effectively．
C．How to persuade the patient to accept the therapy．
D．How to prove effectiveness of the treatment．


2、听录音，回答题

A．She hasn’t finished reading the book．
B．She won't lend her book to the mall．
C．The man doesn't need the book．
D．The mall can use her book if he likes．


3、Questionsare based on the following passage．
The number of postgraduate students travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK universitieshas fallen for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the government's immigration crackdown isdiscouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Britain．
Jo Beali, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm amongUK vice-chancellors (大学生行政主管)． "The sector was expecting a decline in growth, but the actualreduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international students make up the majority ofnumbers in many postgraduate courses and research teams in science, tectmology, engineering andmathematics．"Attracting the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical ff the UKis to maintain its quality reputation for research," Beall said．Universities get a third of their tuition (学费) fee revenue from non-EU students． There is growing"fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue--as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefitinternational students bring--is being put at risk．Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whosefamilies relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the fees werestarting to look elsewhere．Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview morethan 100,000 applicmpts in an attempt to prevent bogus (假冒的) ones entering the country． She also saidimmigrants were responsible for pushing up UK house prices． The comments followed the introduction ofnew limitations on students' right to work during and after their studies．Beail said: "Government statistics for the fast time provide real evidence that the changes to UKvisa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK, and in particularpostgraduate students who are so important to the UK's research output． The UK enjoys an excellentreputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs toensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international students who make atremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK"
What has caused the decline of the nmnber of non-EU postgraduates in the UK?
A． The increase in tuition and fees．
B． The ever-rising living expenses．
C． Changed inunigration policies．
D． Universities' tightened budgets．


4、
In Hard Economy for All Ages, Older Isn't Better... It's Brutal
[A] Young graduates are in debt, out of work and on their parents' couches. People in their 30s and 40s can't afford to buy homes or have children. Retirees are earning near-zero interest on their savings.
[B] In the current listless (缺乏活力的) economy, every generation has a claim to having been most injured. But the Labor Department's latest jobs reports and other recent data present a strong case for crowning baby boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的人) as the greatest victims of the recession and its dreadful consequences.
[C] These Americans in their 50s and early 60s--those near retirement age who do not yet have access to Medicare and Social Security--have lost the most earnings power of any age group, with their household incomes 10 percent below what they made when the recovery began three years ago, according to Sentier Research, a data analysis company. Their retirement savings and home values fell sharply at the worst possible time: just before they needed to cash out. They are supporting both aged parents and unemployed young-adult children,earning them the unlucky nickname "Generation Squeeze."
[D] New research suggests that they may die sooner, because their health, income security and mental well-being were battered (重创) by recession at a crucial time in their lives. A recent study by economists at Wellesley College found that people who lost their jobs in the few years before becoming qualified for Social Security lost up to three years from their life expectanv'y (预期寿命), largely because they no longer had access to affordable health care.
[E] Unemployment rates for Americans nearing retirement are far lower than those for young people, who are recently out of school, with fewer skills and a shorter work history. But once out of a job, older workers have a much harder time finding another one. Over the last year, the average duration of unemployment for older people was 53 weeks, compared with 19 weeks for teenagers, according to the Labor Department's jobs report released on Friday.
[F] The lengthy process is partly because older workers are more likely to have been laid off from industries that are downsizing, like manufacturing. Compared with the rest of the population, older people are also more likely to own their own homes and be less mobile than renters, who can move to new job markets.
[G] Older workers are more likely to have a disability of some sort, perhaps limiting the range of jobs that offer realistic choices. They may also be less inclined, at least initially, to take jobs that pay far less than their old positions.
[H] Displaced boomers also believe they are victims of age discrimination, because employers can easily find a young, energetic worker who will accept lower pay and who can potentially stick around for decades rather than a few years.
[I]In a survey of older workers who were laid off during the recession, just one in six had found another job, and half of that group had accepted pay cuts.14% of the re-employed said the pay in their new job was less than half what they earned in their previous job. "I just say to myself: 'Why me? What have I done to deserve this?'" said John Agati,56, whose last full-time job, as a product developer, ended four years ago when his employer went out of business. That position paid $90,000, and his resume lists jobs at companies like American Express, Disney and USA Networks. Since being laid off, though, he has worked a series of part-time, low-wage, temporary positions, including selling shoes at Lord & Taylor and making sales calls for a car company.
[J] The last few years have taken a toil not only on his family's finances, but also on his feelings of self-worth. "You just get sad," Mr. Agati said. "I see people getting up in the morning, going out to their careers and going home. I just wish I was doing that. Some people don't like their jobs, or they have problems with their jobs, but at least they're working. I just wish I was in their shoes."
 He said he cannot afford to go back to school, as many younger people without jobs have done. Even if he could afford it, economists say it is unclear whether older workers like him benefit much from more education.
[K] "It just doesn't make sense to offer retraining for people 55 and older," said Daniel Hamermesh, an economics professor."Discrimination by age, long-term unemployment, and the fact that they're now at the end of the hiring queue just don't make it sensible to invest in them."
[L]Many displaced older workers are taking this message to heart and leaving the labor force entirely. The share of older people applying for Social Security early rose quickly during the recession as people sought whatever income they could find. The penalty they will pay is permanent, as retirees who take benefits at age 62 will receive as much as 30% less in each month's check for the rest of their lives than they would if they had waited until full retirement age (66 for those born after 1942).
[M] Those not yet qualified for Social Security are increasingly applying for another, comparable kind of income support that often goes to people who expect never to work again: disability benefits. More than one in eight people in their late 50s is now on some form of federal disability insurance program, according to Professor Mark Duggan at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School.
[N] The very oldest Americans, of course, were battered by some of the same ill winds that tormented(折磨) those now nearing retirement, but at least the most senior were cushioned by a more readily available social safety net. More important, in a statistical twist, they may have actually benefited from the financial crisis in the most fundamental way: longer lives.
 [O] Death rates for people over 65 have historically fallen during recessions, according to a November2011 study by economists at the University of California, Davis. Why? The researchers argue that weak job markets push more workers into accepting relatively undesirable work at nursing homes, leading to better care for residents.
Greater mobility puts younger people at an advantage in seeking new jobs.


5、Questions are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement．Among U.S．participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs．"Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they're passionate (有激情的) about," says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth
Americas．"Given the choice, they prefer to continue working." Barclays calls these people "nevertirees."
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the averagenevertiree often has no one forcing his hand．If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme  Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death．In fact, they are．And it's working．Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives．"People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida," he says．He described one study participant, Still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.
"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement," says George Leeson, codirector of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford．Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long straggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside．What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution:"
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing．On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的) chief．On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance--an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
What do we learn about the so-called "nevertirees"?
A．They are passionate about malting a fortune.
B．They have no choice but to continue working.
C．They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D．They will not retire unless they are compelled to.


6、根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B．, C． andD． . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or hcr own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?
Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor.
Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs reinforce ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their proficiency in a language while proceeding at their own pace.
Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations far
more quickly than they could without the use of computer.
Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensable to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts. marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.
It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A versatile tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.
The word "literacy" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) means__________.
A．the ability to read and write
B．the ability to use
C．literature
D．the knowledge of language


简答题
7、大熊猫(giant pandA．是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF)有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前。世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。


8、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essayon the topic of reserving a seat in college classrooms. You should start youressay with a brief account of the phenotnenon reserving a seat in collegeclassrooms and then explain the defects it may cause. You should write atloner 120 words but no more than 180 words.


9、 在中国，人们对一切艺术的艺术，即生活的艺术，懂得很多。一个较为年轻的国家可能会致力于进步；然而一个古老的文明国度，自然在人生的历程上见多识广，她所感兴趣的自然是如何过好生活。就中国而言，由于有了中国的人文主义精神，把人当作一切事物的中心，把人类幸福当作知识的终结，于是，强调生活的艺术就是更为自然的事情了。但即使没有人文主义，-个古老的文明也一定会有一个不同的价值尺度，只有这样.它才会知道仟么是“持久的生活乐趣”。任何一个民族，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我们的眼里，这个民族一定是粗野的、不文明的。


10、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
逆境(adversity)就是人在生活中遇到的困难和遭受的挫折(setback)。人生在世，每个人都会遇到逆境，它在人们的成长和成熟的过程中起着重要作用。人们看待它的态度决定了它对人们的影响。用积极的态度看待逆境，我们的性格会变得成熟。因此逆境其实是一种挑战和考验，它能使人的潜力发挥到。它能帮人驱走惰性，在与困难进行的搏斗中完善自己，这就是逆境的意义所在!