2015年英语四级考试每日一练(11月18日)
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单项选择题
1、
根据录音，选择合适的答案（ ）。
A．He has been looking forward to spring．
B．He has been waiting for the winter sale．
C．He will clean the woman，s boots for spring．
D．He will help the woman put things away．
2、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Rising college selectivity doesn’t mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past．It’s a function of excess demand for higher education，occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry．
The recession has only increased demand．The vast majority of students aren't going to college because of a thirst for knowledge．They’re there because they need a job，and they need to get the credentials（证书）-and，one hopes，the knowledge and skills behind the credentials--that will get them into the labor market．
As higher education has become a seller’s market，the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally：raising their tuitions，and their admissions requirements，but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment．The result is that the United States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent．
The increasing stratification（阶层化）of higher education is happening on the spending side，as well．As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable，the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do s0．Gaps between rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores．While spending is a poor measure of educational quality，we can’t seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we're not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding．
That said，the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective．The problem is on the public pokey side．The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment．
It’s the right goal，we just need a financing strategy to get there．That doesn’t mean just more money，although some more money will be needed．It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency，and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment．We know how to do it，if we want to．·
The demand for higher education has increased because __________．
A．the number of students keeps growing
B．there is a boost in the labor market
C．of the rising college selectivity
D．of the economic depression
3、听录音,回答题
A． She is both a popular and a highly respected author．
B． She is the most loved Afcan novelist of all times
C． She is the most influential author Since the 1930's．
D． She is the first writer to focus on 'the fate of slaves．
4、Questions are based on the following passage．
Children are a delight．They are our future．But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year．
Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living．There are now large strips of the country where daycare for an infant costs more than a tenth of the average married couple's income．
This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a somewhat puzzling one．The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s．Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still．Actually caregivers make less today, in real terms, than they did in 1990．Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices．
So who's to blame for higher childcare costs?
Childcare is a carefully regulated industry．States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details．And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs．If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economies of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up．In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year．In Mississippi, where centers must hire oneteacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than $5,000．
Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy．But I wouldn't be surprised if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have risen．The tradeoff (交换) might be worth it in some cases; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap service．But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South．
What problem do parents of small kids have to face?
A．The ever-rising childcare prices．
B．The budgeting of family expenses．
C．The balance between work and family．
D．The selection of a good daycare center．
5、听录音，回答题
A．Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.
B．Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.
C．The United States is a country of immigrants.
D．Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.
6、听录音，回答题
A．To make a business report to the woman.
B．To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.
C．To resign from his position in the woman's company.
D．To exchange stock market information with the woman.
7、Questions are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement．Among U.S．participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs．"Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they're passionate (有激情的) about," says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth
Americas．"Given the choice, they prefer to continue working." Barclays calls these people "nevertirees."
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the averagenevertiree often has no one forcing his hand．If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death．In fact, they are．And it's working．Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives．"People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida," he says．He described one study participant, Still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.
"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement," says George Leeson, codirector of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford．Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long straggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside．What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution:"
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing．On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的) chief．On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance--an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
What do we learn about the so-called "nevertirees"?
A．They are passionate about malting a fortune.
B．They have no choice but to continue working.
C．They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D．They will not retire unless they are compelled to.
8、Questions are based on the following passage．
In a research paper，two security experts at the web giant have outlined a future in which the main way of guaranteeing we are who we say we are online will be possession of a physical token（令牌），per-haps embedded in smart phones or even jewellery．They have added to growing claims that passwords are both inherently insecure and increasingly impractical．
To make them more difficult for criminals to guess，web services have forced people to use longer passwords with different types of characters，but that also makes them more difficult to remember．To add to the headache，experts also advise against using the same password for different services，to reduce the impact if one is hacked．
“Along with many in the industry，we feel passwords and simple bearer tokens such as cookies are no longer sufficient to keep users safe，”said Google vice-President of security Eric Grosse and engineer Mayank Upadhyay，in an article to be published in an engineering journal．Cookies are small text files is-sued by websites to web browser software to keep visitors logged in once they have entered their pass-word．“We’d like your smart phone or smartcard-embedded finger ring to authorize a new computer via a tap on the computer，even in situations in which your phone might be without cellular connectivity，’’the Googlers wrote．
Grosse and Upadhyay said they are currently experimenting with YubiKey，a tiny USB stick that implements highly secure “one time pad” cryptography（密码学）to log in to Google services，as a replacement for passwords．In the future，they want similar authentication technology to work wirelessly and across all of a person’s online accounts．“We’11 have to have some form of screen unlock．maybe pass—words but maybe something else，”Grosse said，Wired reports．“But the primary authenticator wilt be a token like this or some equivalent piece of hardware．’’
Security experts have pointed to the problems with passwords for years，and suggested alternatives，but none have been widely adopted because they would require web services to adopt standards．Grosseand Upadhyay’s paper is attracting attention because coming from the world’s biggest web company，it may stand a better chance of success．“others have tried similar approaches but achieved little success in the consumer world．’’Grosse and Upadhyay wrote．“Although we recognize that our initiative will like-wise remain speculative until we’ve proven large scale acceptance，we’re eager to test it with other web-sites．”
Given the rivalries online and the low cost and ubiquity of passwords，progress remains a tall order，however．Bill Gates predicted the death of passwords at a security conference in 2004．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
According to the passage，what can we know about cookies?
A．They can be embedded in smart phones．
B．They can help remember users’ passwords．
C．They are no longer safe for computers．
D．They are created by website visitors．
简答题
9、饺子（Jiaozi）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与早的纸币的名字相似。所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或辣椒酱（hot sauce）的以酱油（soy sauce）为基础的沾酱（dipping sauce）。
10、 Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of the popularity of green food. You should start youressay with a brief account of the existing difficulties to carry out greenfood and then make comments on how to deal with it. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.
1、
根据录音，选择合适的答案（ ）。
A．He has been looking forward to spring．
B．He has been waiting for the winter sale．
C．He will clean the woman，s boots for spring．
D．He will help the woman put things away．
2、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Rising college selectivity doesn’t mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past．It’s a function of excess demand for higher education，occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry．
The recession has only increased demand．The vast majority of students aren't going to college because of a thirst for knowledge．They’re there because they need a job，and they need to get the credentials（证书）-and，one hopes，the knowledge and skills behind the credentials--that will get them into the labor market．
As higher education has become a seller’s market，the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally：raising their tuitions，and their admissions requirements，but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment．The result is that the United States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent．
The increasing stratification（阶层化）of higher education is happening on the spending side，as well．As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable，the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do s0．Gaps between rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores．While spending is a poor measure of educational quality，we can’t seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we're not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding．
That said，the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective．The problem is on the public pokey side．The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment．
It’s the right goal，we just need a financing strategy to get there．That doesn’t mean just more money，although some more money will be needed．It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency，and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment．We know how to do it，if we want to．·
The demand for higher education has increased because __________．
A．the number of students keeps growing
B．there is a boost in the labor market
C．of the rising college selectivity
D．of the economic depression
3、听录音,回答题
A． She is both a popular and a highly respected author．
B． She is the most loved Afcan novelist of all times
C． She is the most influential author Since the 1930's．
D． She is the first writer to focus on 'the fate of slaves．
4、Questions are based on the following passage．
Children are a delight．They are our future．But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year．
Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living．There are now large strips of the country where daycare for an infant costs more than a tenth of the average married couple's income．
This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a somewhat puzzling one．The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s．Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still．Actually caregivers make less today, in real terms, than they did in 1990．Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices．
So who's to blame for higher childcare costs?
Childcare is a carefully regulated industry．States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details．And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs．If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economies of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up．In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year．In Mississippi, where centers must hire oneteacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than $5,000．
Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy．But I wouldn't be surprised if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have risen．The tradeoff (交换) might be worth it in some cases; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap service．But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South．
What problem do parents of small kids have to face?
A．The ever-rising childcare prices．
B．The budgeting of family expenses．
C．The balance between work and family．
D．The selection of a good daycare center．
5、听录音，回答题
A．Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.
B．Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.
C．The United States is a country of immigrants.
D．Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.
6、听录音，回答题
A．To make a business report to the woman.
B．To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.
C．To resign from his position in the woman's company.
D．To exchange stock market information with the woman.
7、Questions are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement．Among U.S．participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs．"Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they're passionate (有激情的) about," says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth
Americas．"Given the choice, they prefer to continue working." Barclays calls these people "nevertirees."
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the averagenevertiree often has no one forcing his hand．If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death．In fact, they are．And it's working．Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives．"People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida," he says．He described one study participant, Still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.
"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement," says George Leeson, codirector of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford．Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long straggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside．What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution:"
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing．On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的) chief．On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance--an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
What do we learn about the so-called "nevertirees"?
A．They are passionate about malting a fortune.
B．They have no choice but to continue working.
C．They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D．They will not retire unless they are compelled to.
8、Questions are based on the following passage．
In a research paper，two security experts at the web giant have outlined a future in which the main way of guaranteeing we are who we say we are online will be possession of a physical token（令牌），per-haps embedded in smart phones or even jewellery．They have added to growing claims that passwords are both inherently insecure and increasingly impractical．
To make them more difficult for criminals to guess，web services have forced people to use longer passwords with different types of characters，but that also makes them more difficult to remember．To add to the headache，experts also advise against using the same password for different services，to reduce the impact if one is hacked．
“Along with many in the industry，we feel passwords and simple bearer tokens such as cookies are no longer sufficient to keep users safe，”said Google vice-President of security Eric Grosse and engineer Mayank Upadhyay，in an article to be published in an engineering journal．Cookies are small text files is-sued by websites to web browser software to keep visitors logged in once they have entered their pass-word．“We’d like your smart phone or smartcard-embedded finger ring to authorize a new computer via a tap on the computer，even in situations in which your phone might be without cellular connectivity，’’the Googlers wrote．
Grosse and Upadhyay said they are currently experimenting with YubiKey，a tiny USB stick that implements highly secure “one time pad” cryptography（密码学）to log in to Google services，as a replacement for passwords．In the future，they want similar authentication technology to work wirelessly and across all of a person’s online accounts．“We’11 have to have some form of screen unlock．maybe pass—words but maybe something else，”Grosse said，Wired reports．“But the primary authenticator wilt be a token like this or some equivalent piece of hardware．’’
Security experts have pointed to the problems with passwords for years，and suggested alternatives，but none have been widely adopted because they would require web services to adopt standards．Grosseand Upadhyay’s paper is attracting attention because coming from the world’s biggest web company，it may stand a better chance of success．“others have tried similar approaches but achieved little success in the consumer world．’’Grosse and Upadhyay wrote．“Although we recognize that our initiative will like-wise remain speculative until we’ve proven large scale acceptance，we’re eager to test it with other web-sites．”
Given the rivalries online and the low cost and ubiquity of passwords，progress remains a tall order，however．Bill Gates predicted the death of passwords at a security conference in 2004．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
According to the passage，what can we know about cookies?
A．They can be embedded in smart phones．
B．They can help remember users’ passwords．
C．They are no longer safe for computers．
D．They are created by website visitors．
简答题
9、饺子（Jiaozi）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与早的纸币的名字相似。所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或辣椒酱（hot sauce）的以酱油（soy sauce）为基础的沾酱（dipping sauce）。
10、 Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of the popularity of green food. You should start youressay with a brief account of the existing difficulties to carry out greenfood and then make comments on how to deal with it. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.
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