2015年英语四级考试每日一练(11月19日)
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单项选择题
1、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Soon after starting his job as supervisor of the Memphis，Tenn.，public schools，Kriner Cash ordered an assessment of his new district’s 104，000 students. What most concerned him was that the number of students considered “highly mobile，’’meaning they had moved at least once during the school year, had ballooned to 34，000. At least 1，500 students were homeless--probably more. It led him to think over an unusual suggestion：What if the best way to help kids in poverty-stricken urban neighborhoods is to get them out?
Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whose parents are in financial distress. His proposal is at the forefront（前线）of a broader national trend. Public boarding schools are hardly a new concept. But publicly financing boarding school for inner-city kids is a very different suggestion.‘
If Cash’s dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED（School for Educational
Evolution and Development），whose 320 students live on campus five days a week.
Perhaps the most provocative（引起争论的）aspect of Cash’s proposal is to focus on students in grades3 through 5.Homelessness is growing sharply among kids at that critical age，when much of their educational foundation is set，Cash says. His aim：to prevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early，so the problem “won’t migrate into middle and high school.”Students will remain on campus year-round. “It sounds very exciting，but the devil is in the details，”says Ellen Bassuk，president of the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton. Mass.“What’s it like to separate a third-or fifth-grader from their parents?”
It may help to consider the experience of SEED student Mansur Muhammad，17.when he arrived seven years ago，the first few weeks were tough. But Muhammad hasn’t looked back. He maintains a 3.2 GPA and reshelves books in the school’s library for $160 every couple of days，when He’s not in his room listening to rap or classical music and writing poetry. Inspired by a teacher，Muhammad is working on a book.“It was a long road for me to get here，”he says，“and I have a long way to go.”
What did Cash intend to do with the kids in poverty-stricken urban neighborhoods to “get them out”?
A．Help them get better-off.
B．Drive them out of school.
C．Help them be academically outstanding.
D．Put them into a special boarding school.
2、 are based on the following passage．
The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days． Although it has been nearly 30 yearssince the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how toget their36out to mobile-phone users in a big way． There are 2．2 billion ceil-phone usersworldwide, a37that is growing by about 25% each year． Yet spending on ads carried over ceil-phone networks last year38to just $1．5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $424 billion global admarket．
But as the number of eyeballs glued to39screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone'svalue as a pocket billboard (广告牌)． Consumers are40using their phones for things other thanvoice calls, such as text messaging, downloading songs and games, and41the Internet． By 2010,70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile phones． All of theseactivities give advertisers42options for reaching audiences． During soccer's World Cup last summer,for example, Adidas used real-time scores and games to43thousands of fans to a website set upfor mobile-phone access． "Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25," says Marcus Spurrell, Adidasregional manager for Asia． "Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket--you Just can't44cell phones as an advertising tool．" Mobile-phone marketing has become as45a platform as TV,online or print．
A． accessing
B． amounted
C． approaching
D． attract
E． casual
F． characters
G． fresh
H． ignore
I． increasingly
J． messages
K． patiently
L． tiny
M． total
N． violated
O．vital
第(36)题应填__________
3、听录音，回答题
A．Rent a grave.
B．Burn the body.
C．Bury the dead near a church.
D．Buy a piece of land for a grave.
4、
Which Hand Did They Use?
A) We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was fight-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by month, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward--a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a fight hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
B) Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for exan~ple, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of fight-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.
C) Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapel le-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.
D) Fractures and other cut marks are another source of evidence. Right-handed soldiers tend to be wounded on the left. The skeleton of a 40- or 50-year-old Nabatean warrior, buried 2,000 years ago in the Negev Desert, Israel, had multiple healed fractures to the skull, the left arm, and the ribs.
E) Tools themselves can be revealing. Long-handed Neolithic spoons of yew wood preserved in Alpine villages dating to 3000 B.C. have survived; the signs of rubbing on their left side indicate that their users were fight-handed. The late Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux consists of fibers spiraling to the fight, and was therefore tressed by a right-hander.
F) Occasionally one can determine whether stone tools were used in the right hand or the left, and it is even possible to assess how far back this feature can be traced. In stone toolmaking experiments, Nick Toth, a fight-bander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his left hand and the hammer stone in his fight. As the tool was made, the core was rotated clockwise, and the flakes, removed in sequence, had a little crescent of cortex (the core's outer surface) on the side. Toth's knapping produced 56 percent flakes with the cortex on the right, and 44 percent left-oriented flakes. A left-handed toolmaker would produce the opposite pattern Toth has applied these criteria to the similarly made pebble tools from a number of early sites ( before 1.5 million years ) at Koobi Fora, Kenya, probably made by Homo habilis. At seven sites he found that 57 percent of the flakes were fight-oriented, and 43 percent left, a pattern almost identical to that produced today.
G) About 90 percent of modem humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral hemisphere，and the findings above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70, 000-35, 000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right，and the same was found for brains of specimens from Neanderthal，Gibraltar，and La Quina.
H)The longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres，connected by the corpus callosum. The hemispheres exhibit strong，but not complete，bilateral symmetry in both structure and function. For example，structurally，the lateral sulcus generally is longer in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere，and functionally，Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are present only in the left hemisphere in greater than 95％ of the population. Broad generalizations are often made in popular psychology about one side or the other having characteristic labels，such as“logical’’for the left side or“creative”for the fight. These labels need to be treated carefully；although a lateral dominance is measurable，both hemispheres contribute to both kinds of processes，and experimental evidence provides little suppoa for correlating the structural differences between the sides with such broadly-defined functional differences.
I)The extent of any modularity，or specialization of brain function by area，remains under investigation. If a specific region of the brain，or even an entire hemisphere，is either injured or destroyed，its functions can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the ipsilateral hemisphere or a corresponding region in the contralateral hemisphere，depending upon the area damaged and the patient’s age. When injury interferes with pathways from one area to another，alternative(indirect)connections may develop to communicate information with detached areas，despite the inefficiencies. Brain function lateralization is evident in the phenomena of right-or left—handedness and of fight or left ear preference，but a person’s preferred hand is not a clear indication of the location of brain function. Although 95％ of fight-handed people have left—hemisphere dominance for language. 18. 8％of left-handed people have fight-hemisphere dominance for language function. Additionally, 19.8％of the left-handed have bilateral language functions. Even within various language functions(e. g. semantics，syntax，prosody韵律)，degree(and even hemisphere)of dominance may differ.
It is acknowledged that there are more right-handed than left·handed people.
5、听音频：
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A ),B．, C． andD．, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
A．She copied another course guide.
B．She decided to skip class.
C．She went to the library instead.
D．She shared a friend's course guide.
6、听句子，回答问题。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A．Recalling something from one's memory.
B．The preparatory method in exams.
C．Conscience.
D．Man's mind,
简答题
7、饺子（Jiaozi）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与早的纸币的名字相似。所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或辣椒酱（hot sauce）的以酱油（soy sauce）为基础的沾酱（dipping sauce）。
8、听录音，回答题
For Americans, time is money．They say, "You only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The future will not be better than the past or present, as Americans are (26) __________to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activities． Thus, Americans(27) __________a "well-organized" person, one who has a written list of things to do and a(28) __________for doing them．The ideal person is punctual and (29) __________other peo-ple's time． They do not waste people's time with conversation or other activity that has no(30) __________, beneficial outcome.
The American attitude toward time is not (31) _________ shared by others, especially non-Eu-ropeans．They are more likely to (32) __________ something that is simply there around them, notsomething they can use．One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the States isthe (33) __________ that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.
In this context the fast food industry can (34) __________ a clear example of an American cul-tural product．McDonald's, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country wheremany people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and eating meals．As McDonald's restau-rants spread around the world, they have been viewed as (35) __________of American society andculture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.
第(26)题__________
9、1.近来，在看到他人遇到困难时，很少人会伸出援助之手；
2.这个现象产生的原因；
3.我的看法。
10、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the following question. You should write least 120 words butno more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus,what is the most interesting placeyou would like to take himher to seeand why?
1、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Soon after starting his job as supervisor of the Memphis，Tenn.，public schools，Kriner Cash ordered an assessment of his new district’s 104，000 students. What most concerned him was that the number of students considered “highly mobile，’’meaning they had moved at least once during the school year, had ballooned to 34，000. At least 1，500 students were homeless--probably more. It led him to think over an unusual suggestion：What if the best way to help kids in poverty-stricken urban neighborhoods is to get them out?
Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whose parents are in financial distress. His proposal is at the forefront（前线）of a broader national trend. Public boarding schools are hardly a new concept. But publicly financing boarding school for inner-city kids is a very different suggestion.‘
If Cash’s dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED（School for Educational
Evolution and Development），whose 320 students live on campus five days a week.
Perhaps the most provocative（引起争论的）aspect of Cash’s proposal is to focus on students in grades3 through 5.Homelessness is growing sharply among kids at that critical age，when much of their educational foundation is set，Cash says. His aim：to prevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early，so the problem “won’t migrate into middle and high school.”Students will remain on campus year-round. “It sounds very exciting，but the devil is in the details，”says Ellen Bassuk，president of the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton. Mass.“What’s it like to separate a third-or fifth-grader from their parents?”
It may help to consider the experience of SEED student Mansur Muhammad，17.when he arrived seven years ago，the first few weeks were tough. But Muhammad hasn’t looked back. He maintains a 3.2 GPA and reshelves books in the school’s library for $160 every couple of days，when He’s not in his room listening to rap or classical music and writing poetry. Inspired by a teacher，Muhammad is working on a book.“It was a long road for me to get here，”he says，“and I have a long way to go.”
What did Cash intend to do with the kids in poverty-stricken urban neighborhoods to “get them out”?
A．Help them get better-off.
B．Drive them out of school.
C．Help them be academically outstanding.
D．Put them into a special boarding school.
2、 are based on the following passage．
The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days． Although it has been nearly 30 yearssince the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how toget their36out to mobile-phone users in a big way． There are 2．2 billion ceil-phone usersworldwide, a37that is growing by about 25% each year． Yet spending on ads carried over ceil-phone networks last year38to just $1．5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $424 billion global admarket．
But as the number of eyeballs glued to39screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone'svalue as a pocket billboard (广告牌)． Consumers are40using their phones for things other thanvoice calls, such as text messaging, downloading songs and games, and41the Internet． By 2010,70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile phones． All of theseactivities give advertisers42options for reaching audiences． During soccer's World Cup last summer,for example, Adidas used real-time scores and games to43thousands of fans to a website set upfor mobile-phone access． "Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25," says Marcus Spurrell, Adidasregional manager for Asia． "Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket--you Just can't44cell phones as an advertising tool．" Mobile-phone marketing has become as45a platform as TV,online or print．
A． accessing
B． amounted
C． approaching
D． attract
E． casual
F． characters
G． fresh
H． ignore
I． increasingly
J． messages
K． patiently
L． tiny
M． total
N． violated
O．vital
第(36)题应填__________
3、听录音，回答题
A．Rent a grave.
B．Burn the body.
C．Bury the dead near a church.
D．Buy a piece of land for a grave.
4、
Which Hand Did They Use?
A) We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was fight-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by month, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward--a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a fight hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
B) Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for exan~ple, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of fight-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.
C) Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapel le-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.
D) Fractures and other cut marks are another source of evidence. Right-handed soldiers tend to be wounded on the left. The skeleton of a 40- or 50-year-old Nabatean warrior, buried 2,000 years ago in the Negev Desert, Israel, had multiple healed fractures to the skull, the left arm, and the ribs.
E) Tools themselves can be revealing. Long-handed Neolithic spoons of yew wood preserved in Alpine villages dating to 3000 B.C. have survived; the signs of rubbing on their left side indicate that their users were fight-handed. The late Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux consists of fibers spiraling to the fight, and was therefore tressed by a right-hander.
F) Occasionally one can determine whether stone tools were used in the right hand or the left, and it is even possible to assess how far back this feature can be traced. In stone toolmaking experiments, Nick Toth, a fight-bander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his left hand and the hammer stone in his fight. As the tool was made, the core was rotated clockwise, and the flakes, removed in sequence, had a little crescent of cortex (the core's outer surface) on the side. Toth's knapping produced 56 percent flakes with the cortex on the right, and 44 percent left-oriented flakes. A left-handed toolmaker would produce the opposite pattern Toth has applied these criteria to the similarly made pebble tools from a number of early sites ( before 1.5 million years ) at Koobi Fora, Kenya, probably made by Homo habilis. At seven sites he found that 57 percent of the flakes were fight-oriented, and 43 percent left, a pattern almost identical to that produced today.
G) About 90 percent of modem humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral hemisphere，and the findings above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70, 000-35, 000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right，and the same was found for brains of specimens from Neanderthal，Gibraltar，and La Quina.
H)The longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres，connected by the corpus callosum. The hemispheres exhibit strong，but not complete，bilateral symmetry in both structure and function. For example，structurally，the lateral sulcus generally is longer in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere，and functionally，Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are present only in the left hemisphere in greater than 95％ of the population. Broad generalizations are often made in popular psychology about one side or the other having characteristic labels，such as“logical’’for the left side or“creative”for the fight. These labels need to be treated carefully；although a lateral dominance is measurable，both hemispheres contribute to both kinds of processes，and experimental evidence provides little suppoa for correlating the structural differences between the sides with such broadly-defined functional differences.
I)The extent of any modularity，or specialization of brain function by area，remains under investigation. If a specific region of the brain，or even an entire hemisphere，is either injured or destroyed，its functions can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the ipsilateral hemisphere or a corresponding region in the contralateral hemisphere，depending upon the area damaged and the patient’s age. When injury interferes with pathways from one area to another，alternative(indirect)connections may develop to communicate information with detached areas，despite the inefficiencies. Brain function lateralization is evident in the phenomena of right-or left—handedness and of fight or left ear preference，but a person’s preferred hand is not a clear indication of the location of brain function. Although 95％ of fight-handed people have left—hemisphere dominance for language. 18. 8％of left-handed people have fight-hemisphere dominance for language function. Additionally, 19.8％of the left-handed have bilateral language functions. Even within various language functions(e. g. semantics，syntax，prosody韵律)，degree(and even hemisphere)of dominance may differ.
It is acknowledged that there are more right-handed than left·handed people.
5、听音频：
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A ),B．, C． andD．, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
A．She copied another course guide.
B．She decided to skip class.
C．She went to the library instead.
D．She shared a friend's course guide.
6、听句子，回答问题。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A．Recalling something from one's memory.
B．The preparatory method in exams.
C．Conscience.
D．Man's mind,
简答题
7、饺子（Jiaozi）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与早的纸币的名字相似。所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或辣椒酱（hot sauce）的以酱油（soy sauce）为基础的沾酱（dipping sauce）。
8、听录音，回答题
For Americans, time is money．They say, "You only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The future will not be better than the past or present, as Americans are (26) __________to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activities． Thus, Americans(27) __________a "well-organized" person, one who has a written list of things to do and a(28) __________for doing them．The ideal person is punctual and (29) __________other peo-ple's time． They do not waste people's time with conversation or other activity that has no(30) __________, beneficial outcome.
The American attitude toward time is not (31) _________ shared by others, especially non-Eu-ropeans．They are more likely to (32) __________ something that is simply there around them, notsomething they can use．One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the States isthe (33) __________ that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.
In this context the fast food industry can (34) __________ a clear example of an American cul-tural product．McDonald's, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country wheremany people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and eating meals．As McDonald's restau-rants spread around the world, they have been viewed as (35) __________of American society andculture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.
第(26)题__________
9、1.近来，在看到他人遇到困难时，很少人会伸出援助之手；
2.这个现象产生的原因；
3.我的看法。
10、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the following question. You should write least 120 words butno more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus,what is the most interesting placeyou would like to take himher to seeand why?
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