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单项选择题
1、根据录音，
选择合适的答案（　　）。
A．He will give the woman some tips on the game．
B．The woman has good reason to quit the game．
C．He is willing to play chess with the woman．
D．The woman should go on playing chess．


2、阅读下文，回答题
Work-life Balance：Flex Appeal
A）Georgina Blizzard and Nicky Imrie decided they needed to find a more flexible working pattern when they became mothers. Having had jobs in public relations，which involved long hours and a lot of pressure，they felt their old style of working would not suit their new responsibilities and decided to find a way to make the work they enjoyed fit in with their changed lives. They launched the PR Network in 2005，when Blizzard’s eldest daughter，Isabella was just three months old. Both women work a three—day week， and built the running of the company around the sort of flexibility theyneeded.ney offer the same level of flexibility to the freelance（自由职业的）associates，matching companies of all sizes looking for freelance support with workers with the right skill set who are happy to take on contracts that fit in with their preferred pattern of hours.
B）While technology now enables many workers to do their things from anywhere，at any time，recently developed forms of “extremely flexible” working are providing a way into the workplace for more people with lifestyles that can’t easily accommodate a regular working pattern. Shaking up the workplace does not just help individuals. Wing ham Rowan，founder of Slivers-of-Time，a social enterprise that has devised a system allowing people to sell their available working time through an online marketplace，believes extremely flexible working could hold the key to a brighter future for employment in the UK.“We have to start thinking in terms of work，not jobs，”says Rowan.
C）Slivers-of-Time developed a web-based system to allow people to sell their time online to employers in tiny blocks of two hours or more，on days that suit them．More geared up for in-house staff than home workers，Slivers workers post their CV and their availability and employers can book them to cover busy periods or do a temporary piece of work．Ideal for carets，parents and anyone who wanted to use a few spare hours to earn money but found it difficult to hold down a regular job with one employer because of personal commitments，it was awarded government funding as a means to tackle worklessness．
D）The system has been particularly embraced by smaller companies，” says Rowan．Smaller firms enjoy the opportunity to take on workers to cover small bits of time，minimising costs and enabling them to cover busy periods． “There is an office supplies company that knows the best time to call potential buyers is between certain times on a Tuesday and Wednesday，so it books staff to cover those times．Then there’s a T-shirt printing company that books extra staff if they have a big order to fulfill．And the City of London has found that flbrary inquiries are busier during the school holidays，so it takes on staff to cover those periods．’’
E）The model works well for small companies，but Slivers now has a number of large household names using its system．Helen Turner，recruitment and development manager for John Lewis in Cambridge，used Slivers-of-Time to cover the extremely busy Christmas period. “Slivers-of-Time meant we could cover gaps as small as two hours，”Turner says． “0nce they were hired they worked various hours across the week，depending on their circumstances．We were able to call on extra resources quickly and they supported our partners．”She says many of the staff were students，while some were carets，and the flexible model suited both the store and the staff well．
F）Flexible hiring also works well for another household name，Adobe，which uses PR Network’s associates to support its existing analyst relations team．Timothy Brook， senior manager of analyst relations at Adobe，says： “We were looking for skilled，knowledgeable and motivated individuals who could work without the day-to-day management or direction often required by an agency model，and who could work directly with senior management within Adobe in the UK on a number of projects．”PR Network is in the enviable position of having grown during a recession，but although the downturn has pushed a higher number of people into serf-employment，organisations involved in flexible working practices say it can’t take all the credit．
G）Xenios Thrasyvoulou，founder of PeoplePerHour (PPH)，an online service that allows freelance workersto bid for contracts offered by businesses，says the movement towards extremely flexible working for all skill levels was already under way when the recession took hold．PPH was launched in 2007，and now has 35，000 freelancers registered on its books，and 43，000 businesses，mostly small．Thrasyvoulou says the changes in working practice are “not just a recessionary effect”． “What is happening is a longer．term trend which has been accelerated by the recession，and one that is led by small businesses which are always more creative．”
H） Both the public sector and small businesses in the private sector are moving towards flexible styles of working，according to Andy Lake，editor of the online journal flexibility．co．uk． “In the public sector, more and more contractors are being taken on，”Lake says． “There’s evidence that things are working in different ways．In the private sector，the biggest growth area is small businesses，which are keen to grow turnover but not personnel．”Even larger firms echo this opinion．As Adobe’s Brook says：‘‘Due to the uncertain economy，we wanted the ability to‘dial up and dial down our commitment based on available budgets and levels of work．”This “flexing up and down” of the workforce may be key to the future of industry，opening doors for more people to pursue extremely flexible styles of working．
I）According to the Confederation of British Business's Shape of Business report，published last November，organisations will increasingly “move to a new employment model where the core of permanent staff is smaller and a greater number of freelancers。consultants and temporary workers are used”．All in all，it’s good news for people hoping for greater control of their work-life balance. “More organisations have adopted flexible working practices as a way of saving jobs during the recession，”says Gillian Nissim，founder of Workingmums.co.uk. “We hope this will not just be a stop-gap measure to save money but will bring lasting changes to the UICs working culture, making it easier for women and men to balance work and family life and giving employers the diverse and committed workforce they need to thrive.”

Shaking up the workplace not only helps individuals but is the key to a brighter future for employment in the UK.


3、听录音,回答题

A．It is lined with tall trees．
B．It was widened recently．
C．It used to be dirty and disorderly．
D．It has high buildings on both sides．


4、Questions  are based on the following passage．
A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation's professional economists,
a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public．
"As a group, we are pro-market,,' says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraskaeconomist．"But women are more likely to accept government regflation and involvement in economicactivity than our male colleagues．"
"It's very puzzling," says free-market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at GeorgeMason University． "Not a day goes by that I don't ask myself why there are so few women economistson the free market side．"
A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life but changedher mind after studying economics． "We want many of the same things as liberals--less poverty, morehealth care--but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it．"
Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, saysmale economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other's anti-regulation views．Women, as outsiders, "are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says．
The gender balance in economics is changing． One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位)now goto women． "More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed," May says．Economists do agree on some things． Female economists agree with men that Europe has too muchregulation and that Wal-mart is good for society． Male economists agree with their female colleagues thatmilitary spending is too high．The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women． Maleeconomists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result ofindividuals' sldlls, experience and voluntary choices． Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by amargin of 4-to-1．
The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economies favor men Maleeconomists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral．
 What is the finding of the new study?．
A．The gender divide is a big concern of the general public．
B． Men and women understand economics quite differently．
C． The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed．
D． Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy．


5、听录音,回答题

A． France.
B． Scandinavia.
C． Russia.
D． East Europe.


6、
The technology makes scents
A) "Memories, imagination, old sentiments, and associations are more readily reached through the sense of smell than through any other channel," said the 19th-century physician, poet and Harvard professor, Oliver Wendell Holmes. No wonder, then, that technologists have long sought a way to transmit smell electronically. Imagine being able to send from your phone not just a photo but the aroma( 芳香) of freshly mown grass, the scents of an exotic spice market or of a brand new perfume, and know that the recipient would instantly experience it. "Smell-and taste too-are going to be the next important dimensions for communicating by computer," says Adrian Cheok, professor of pervasive computing at City University in London. "They are the only senses connected with the limbic system(边缘系统）in the brain, which is responsible for emotion and memory. But it's difficult to transmit smell because it's analogue(模拟的). It's like sound before MP3. "
B) The 42-year-old Australian electrical engineer is dedicated to bringing all five senses into communication and has a nose for(对敏感) commercial potential. His team's first smart phone smell product, Scentee, made by a Japanese company, is already selling 10,000 $ 30 units a month in Japan,traditionally the most receptive first market for eccentric technology products. It may soon make in-roads in the US. Bacon company Oscar Meyer earlier this year offered as competition prizes 1,000Scentees. The idea? For winners to programme their iPhone alarm to wake them with the aroma offrying bacon. Other innovators are working in this area too. Israeli inventor Amos Porat claims tohave shown a prototype of his digital smell dispenser, Scentasia, to enthusiastic toy manufacturers inthe US. Scentee is analogue in that it is chemical-based. It resembles a pipe bowl that connects to theheadphone socket of an iPhone 5 and, when triggered by text or alarm, emits a puff of, typically,bacon, coffee or lavender. Scentee can produce only one smell at a time, so the recipient has to havethe right cartridge (套筒) fitted to get the olfactory (嗅觉的) message as intended. But on ProfCheok's lab bench is the next prototype, which can produce 10 smell combinations.
C) "Once these technologies come together, we'll have high-fidelity capture and transmission of smell,"Prof Cheok says, speaking in a workshop full of electronic components and soldering irons. "Therewill be something like an ink-jet printer, with maybe 100 valves in a unit and real time combinationsto create many smells. " While this is theoretically possible, he admits he has not actually done it yet. D) Corporate researchers are also looking into this area, however. Prof Cheok produces from his book-shelf a 2013 academic paper showing that this field may already be beyond the merely strange. It isentitled "Development of Highly Sensitive Compact Chemical Sensor System Employing a Microcantilever Array and a Thermal Preconcentrator". Its authors include someone from Olympus in Japan. E) But how convincing is the existing City University kit? Prof Cheok demonstrates some smells createdand bottled by the renowned Mugaritz restaurant in northern Spain, which is working with his depart-ment on smell transmission. For a restaurant, transmitting smell by Internet could be a great publicitytool. The first Mugadtz aroma, of sesame, is easy to recognise. The second, which I fail to guess,is saffron. The third, which I get with prompting, is black pepper.
F) Prof Cheok's department is already working on the next level for smell transmission, which is wherethe technology goes from being partly analogue to wholly digital. "So the issue becomes, can we getaway from the chemicals by stimulating smell and taste with electrical or magnetic signals?"
G) Prof Cheok produces a crude device that electronically creates artificial taste in the brain. It is a rawcircuit board with a metal part sticking out. He asks me to put my tongue on this, promising it hasbeen cleaned with alcohol. An assistant clicks on her laptop and I get a distinctly sour sensation.Sweet, salty and bitter, he says, are in development. For electronic smell, the department is collabo-rating with a neuroscience lab in France specialising in "emotional perception". "The olfactory bulb(嗅球) is harder to access than the tongue, buried behind the nose, so probes would be painful," heexplains. "So the idea might, be a small magnetic coil in the mouth and a pulsed magnetic field thatwill generate currents in the olfactory bulb. It could take the form of a mouth guard kind of thing. "He suggests making food taste salty by embedding a taste probe on to your fork and knife.
H) Prof Cheok envisages electronic taste transmission might lead to the development of "digital food",he says, "People will transmit a flavour over the internet. " As with digital music, people will be a-ble to use the technology to invent new flavours. "It won't just lead to reproduction of coffee orwhatever, but we will digitally invent completely new kinds of food based on digital smell andtaste. "
I) A full professor at 36, Prof Cheok's accessible TED-talk manner, along with the proven demand in its test market for Scentee, gives even his arguably more left field predictions a whiff of plausibility. Af- ter all, if there is one constant that perhaps explains why some sceptically received inventions succeed where others fail, it is that they appeal to basic human emotion and the desire to communicate.
J) Lest any bodily sense should feel left out, Prof Cheok then turns to communicating touch by comput- er, an idea that was being discussed 30 years ago when virtual reality was in vogue. Except, as with Scentee, Prof Cheok and his disciples have already been there and sold the T-shirt, so to speak. James Teh, a former PhD student, has spun off a Singapore company, www. mytjacket, tom, making re- motely controlled "hugging jackets" for autistic children( 自闭症儿童), who are especially receptive to a hug, even if it is delivered by a parent thousands of miles away from his phone. It is impossible, of course, to predict if any of Prof Cheok and his team's inventions will take off. However, with their focused attention to those all important human emotions, and the raw evocative(唤起的）power of smell in particular, it is hard not to feel they are in fertile territory.
A particular device would grant parents the ability to give a reassuring hug remotely from anywhere tochildren with autism.


7、Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．Your heart rate is lowered.
B．It becomes harder for you to relax.
C．You become too tired to sleep.
D．Your sleeping rhythms are disrupted.


简答题
8、

Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the necessity of reducing waste on campus. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

9、中国高速皇塞篮（high-speed raft）网由中国铁路公司运营。该铁路网包括所有商业高速列车运行服务，邀些列车的时速平均达200公里或更高。目前中国拥有全球长的高铁线网。运营中的线路约9300公里。2012年12月25日，中国启动世界上长的线路，该线路从北京至广州，共2298公里。高铁服务于2007年引进中国。在政府的大力资助下。高铁线网正在迅速扩展。

10、 Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture andthen express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. Youshould write at least 120 words but no rnore than 180 words.