2015年英语四级考试每日一练(11月23日)
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单项选择题
1、Passage OneQuestions are based on the following passage.
Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we're doing andyet we do it anyway.So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lessonfrom alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症. assume that people consciously and rationallychoose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access tohealthier foods," note the two researchers. "In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people makerational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance--like food--of whichimmoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. " The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcoholrestrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be pronfising if applied tojunk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but areallotted (分配. based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcoholless easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink. Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. Sowhy not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? Andwhy not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores? Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cashregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. Atsupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One couldremove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The othermeasures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, andplacing warning labels on the products.
What does the author say about junk food?
A．People should be educated not to eat too much.
B．It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.
C．Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.
D．It causes more harm than is generally realized.
2、
Questionsare based on the following passage．
Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines．One example comes from agriculture．Food riots and hunger make news．But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about．This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops．A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where．and how far．this decline is occurring．
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops：rice，wheat，corn and soyabeans(大豆)．They find that on between 24％ and 39％ of all harvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down in the l990s and 2000s．There are two worrying features of the slowdown．One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous(人口多的)countries，India and China．Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets．
That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse．Second，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll and soyabeans．This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods，accounting for around half of all calories consumed．Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains．The authors note that“we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world．”
The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050，as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued． Instead，it says，thanks to slowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness．This could happen．The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields which may not actually happen
What does the author try to draw attention to?
A．Food riots and hunger in the world．
B．News headlines in the leading media．
C．The decline of the grain yield growth．
D．The food supply in populous countries．
3、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage．
Once the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient’s cancer，doctors face aul even more difficult question：how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment?
The issue is a challenge for physicians because，unlike with cancer therapies，there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue．But addressing these seemingly coluinon complications（并发症）is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle，which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment．
That’s why Dr．Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors yoga--to the test．In a paper she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology（肿瘤学）（Asco）annual meeting in June，Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga—a slow-moving form of the discipline-and tested its effect on improving：the quality of life for cancer survivors．
Called YOCAS，the four-week program involved sessi。ons of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each，in combination with breathing exercises and meditation（冥想）．Among the 410 participants，who were divided into yoga and traditional follow-up care groups，those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga．They also reported better quality of life overall，Mnstian says．
For cancer physicians．the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients．“Many patients ask about complementary（互补的）therapies，whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga，”says Dr,Douglas Blayney，medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO．“I often don’t know what to tell them because there isn't a lot of science on these complementary therapies．Here is a scientific study showing benefit，so at least we can have some assurance in telling women that here is a yoga program，here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life．’’
What bothers the cancer physicians after determining the treatment plan?
A．How to prevent the side effects from appearing．
B．How to handle the side effects effectively．
C．How to persuade the patient to accept the therapy．
D．How to prove effectiveness of the treatment．
4、Questions are based on the following passage．
A lot of people instinctively believe--without really knowing-that poor readers are not especially smart．
A new study by researchers at the Yale School of Medicine and the University of California at Davis explains how it is that 36 bright and accomplished people can have great difficulty reading．
What gets in the way of many people’s ability to read is word blindness．It is all unexpected difficulty in reading in people who have the intelligence and motivation thought to be necessary to be 37 readers．
The brains of people with word blindness have difficulty taking images that they see or hear and turning it into 38 language，explained researcher Sally E．Shaywitz．This means that someone with word blindness not only has 39 reading but may also have difficulty speaking quickly．Typical readers can 40 recognize words after seeing them a few times；those with word blindness don’t．
The new study 41 evidence for the first time showing that the 42 between IQ and reading over time is not the same for readers with word blindness as it is for typical readers．
In people without word blindness，intelligence and reading do in fact connect and can 43 each other over time．But in those with word blindness，IQ and reading are not 44 over time and do not have an effect on each other．．
“People expect that if you are a very good reader you must be very smart and if you don’t read well you must not be so smart，”said Shaywitz．
“Word blindness is a paradox（矛盾）because it violates that 45 ，”she said．“You can NOT be a great reader and be exceptionally smart．’’
A．conclusion
B．fluent
C．understandable
D．exceedingly
E．automatically
F．provides
G．influence
H．trouble
I．linked
J．proves
K．considerate
L．selectively
M．assumption
N relationship
O．contacted
第(36)题应填__________
5、听录音,
回答题
A．The woman is now working in a ldndergarten.
B．The man will soon start a business of his own.
C．The man would like to be a high school teacher..
D．The woman is going to major in child education.
6、
Which Hand Did They Use?
A) We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was fight-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by month, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward--a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a fight hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
B) Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for exan~ple, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of fight-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.
C) Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapel le-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.
D) Fractures and other cut marks are another source of evidence. Right-handed soldiers tend to be wounded on the left. The skeleton of a 40- or 50-year-old Nabatean warrior, buried 2,000 years ago in the Negev Desert, Israel, had multiple healed fractures to the skull, the left arm, and the ribs.
E) Tools themselves can be revealing. Long-handed Neolithic spoons of yew wood preserved in Alpine villages dating to 3000 B.C. have survived; the signs of rubbing on their left side indicate that their users were fight-handed. The late Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux consists of fibers spiraling to the fight, and was therefore tressed by a right-hander.
F) Occasionally one can determine whether stone tools were used in the right hand or the left, and it is even possible to assess how far back this feature can be traced. In stone toolmaking experiments, Nick Toth, a fight-bander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his left hand and the hammer stone in his fight. As the tool was made, the core was rotated clockwise, and the flakes, removed in sequence, had a little crescent of cortex (the core's outer surface) on the side. Toth's knapping produced 56 percent flakes with the cortex on the right, and 44 percent left-oriented flakes. A left-handed toolmaker would produce the opposite pattern Toth has applied these criteria to the similarly made pebble tools from a number of early sites ( before 1.5 million years ) at Koobi Fora, Kenya, probably made by Homo habilis. At seven sites he found that 57 percent of the flakes were fight-oriented, and 43 percent left, a pattern almost identical to that produced today.
G) About 90 percent of modem humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral hemisphere，and the findings above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70, 000-35, 000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right，and the same was found for brains of specimens from Neanderthal，Gibraltar，and La Quina.
H)The longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres，connected by the corpus callosum. The hemispheres exhibit strong，but not complete，bilateral symmetry in both structure and function. For example，structurally，the lateral sulcus generally is longer in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere，and functionally，Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are present only in the left hemisphere in greater than 95％ of the population. Broad generalizations are often made in popular psychology about one side or the other having characteristic labels，such as“logical’’for the left side or“creative”for the fight. These labels need to be treated carefully；although a lateral dominance is measurable，both hemispheres contribute to both kinds of processes，and experimental evidence provides little suppoa for correlating the structural differences between the sides with such broadly-defined functional differences.
I)The extent of any modularity，or specialization of brain function by area，remains under investigation. If a specific region of the brain，or even an entire hemisphere，is either injured or destroyed，its functions can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the ipsilateral hemisphere or a corresponding region in the contralateral hemisphere，depending upon the area damaged and the patient’s age. When injury interferes with pathways from one area to another，alternative(indirect)connections may develop to communicate information with detached areas，despite the inefficiencies. Brain function lateralization is evident in the phenomena of right-or left—handedness and of fight or left ear preference，but a person’s preferred hand is not a clear indication of the location of brain function. Although 95％ of fight-handed people have left—hemisphere dominance for language. 18. 8％of left-handed people have fight-hemisphere dominance for language function. Additionally, 19.8％of the left-handed have bilateral language functions. Even within various language functions(e. g. semantics，syntax，prosody韵律)，degree(and even hemisphere)of dominance may differ.
It is acknowledged that there are more right-handed than left·handed people.
7、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．Whether or not snowflakes can be analyzed.
B．How snowflakes are formed.
C．What causes a snowstorm.
D．Where the largest snowflakes can be found.
简答题
8、幸福可以被描述为一种积极的情绪和愉快的心态。根据近的民意测验，百分之六十到七十的美国人认为自己是基本上幸福的，而每二十个人中就有一个人认为自己不幸福。心理学家一直在研究构成幸福的因素。他们发现，幸福是不可预知的，一个看起来处于理想环境的人并不一定会感到幸福，理想的环境和他的实际感觉之间可能没有什么关系。
9、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of microblog ( 微博). You should start your essay with abrief account of the increasing use of the microblog and then explain thedefects it may cause. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.
10、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the traffic jam. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
The Traffic Jam
1、Passage OneQuestions are based on the following passage.
Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we're doing andyet we do it anyway.So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lessonfrom alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症. assume that people consciously and rationallychoose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access tohealthier foods," note the two researchers. "In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people makerational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance--like food--of whichimmoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. " The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcoholrestrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be pronfising if applied tojunk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but areallotted (分配. based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcoholless easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink. Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. Sowhy not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? Andwhy not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores? Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cashregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. Atsupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One couldremove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The othermeasures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, andplacing warning labels on the products.
What does the author say about junk food?
A．People should be educated not to eat too much.
B．It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.
C．Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.
D．It causes more harm than is generally realized.
2、
Questionsare based on the following passage．
Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines．One example comes from agriculture．Food riots and hunger make news．But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about．This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops．A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where．and how far．this decline is occurring．
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops：rice，wheat，corn and soyabeans(大豆)．They find that on between 24％ and 39％ of all harvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down in the l990s and 2000s．There are two worrying features of the slowdown．One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous(人口多的)countries，India and China．Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets．
That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse．Second，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll and soyabeans．This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods，accounting for around half of all calories consumed．Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains．The authors note that“we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world．”
The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050，as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued． Instead，it says，thanks to slowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness．This could happen．The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields which may not actually happen
What does the author try to draw attention to?
A．Food riots and hunger in the world．
B．News headlines in the leading media．
C．The decline of the grain yield growth．
D．The food supply in populous countries．
3、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage．
Once the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient’s cancer，doctors face aul even more difficult question：how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment?
The issue is a challenge for physicians because，unlike with cancer therapies，there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue．But addressing these seemingly coluinon complications（并发症）is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle，which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment．
That’s why Dr．Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors yoga--to the test．In a paper she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology（肿瘤学）（Asco）annual meeting in June，Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga—a slow-moving form of the discipline-and tested its effect on improving：the quality of life for cancer survivors．
Called YOCAS，the four-week program involved sessi。ons of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each，in combination with breathing exercises and meditation（冥想）．Among the 410 participants，who were divided into yoga and traditional follow-up care groups，those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga．They also reported better quality of life overall，Mnstian says．
For cancer physicians．the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients．“Many patients ask about complementary（互补的）therapies，whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga，”says Dr,Douglas Blayney，medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO．“I often don’t know what to tell them because there isn't a lot of science on these complementary therapies．Here is a scientific study showing benefit，so at least we can have some assurance in telling women that here is a yoga program，here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life．’’
What bothers the cancer physicians after determining the treatment plan?
A．How to prevent the side effects from appearing．
B．How to handle the side effects effectively．
C．How to persuade the patient to accept the therapy．
D．How to prove effectiveness of the treatment．
4、Questions are based on the following passage．
A lot of people instinctively believe--without really knowing-that poor readers are not especially smart．
A new study by researchers at the Yale School of Medicine and the University of California at Davis explains how it is that 36 bright and accomplished people can have great difficulty reading．
What gets in the way of many people’s ability to read is word blindness．It is all unexpected difficulty in reading in people who have the intelligence and motivation thought to be necessary to be 37 readers．
The brains of people with word blindness have difficulty taking images that they see or hear and turning it into 38 language，explained researcher Sally E．Shaywitz．This means that someone with word blindness not only has 39 reading but may also have difficulty speaking quickly．Typical readers can 40 recognize words after seeing them a few times；those with word blindness don’t．
The new study 41 evidence for the first time showing that the 42 between IQ and reading over time is not the same for readers with word blindness as it is for typical readers．
In people without word blindness，intelligence and reading do in fact connect and can 43 each other over time．But in those with word blindness，IQ and reading are not 44 over time and do not have an effect on each other．．
“People expect that if you are a very good reader you must be very smart and if you don’t read well you must not be so smart，”said Shaywitz．
“Word blindness is a paradox（矛盾）because it violates that 45 ，”she said．“You can NOT be a great reader and be exceptionally smart．’’
A．conclusion
B．fluent
C．understandable
D．exceedingly
E．automatically
F．provides
G．influence
H．trouble
I．linked
J．proves
K．considerate
L．selectively
M．assumption
N relationship
O．contacted
第(36)题应填__________
5、听录音,
回答题
A．The woman is now working in a ldndergarten.
B．The man will soon start a business of his own.
C．The man would like to be a high school teacher..
D．The woman is going to major in child education.
6、
Which Hand Did They Use?
A) We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was fight-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by month, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward--a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a fight hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
B) Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for exan~ple, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of fight-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.
C) Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapel le-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.
D) Fractures and other cut marks are another source of evidence. Right-handed soldiers tend to be wounded on the left. The skeleton of a 40- or 50-year-old Nabatean warrior, buried 2,000 years ago in the Negev Desert, Israel, had multiple healed fractures to the skull, the left arm, and the ribs.
E) Tools themselves can be revealing. Long-handed Neolithic spoons of yew wood preserved in Alpine villages dating to 3000 B.C. have survived; the signs of rubbing on their left side indicate that their users were fight-handed. The late Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux consists of fibers spiraling to the fight, and was therefore tressed by a right-hander.
F) Occasionally one can determine whether stone tools were used in the right hand or the left, and it is even possible to assess how far back this feature can be traced. In stone toolmaking experiments, Nick Toth, a fight-bander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his left hand and the hammer stone in his fight. As the tool was made, the core was rotated clockwise, and the flakes, removed in sequence, had a little crescent of cortex (the core's outer surface) on the side. Toth's knapping produced 56 percent flakes with the cortex on the right, and 44 percent left-oriented flakes. A left-handed toolmaker would produce the opposite pattern Toth has applied these criteria to the similarly made pebble tools from a number of early sites ( before 1.5 million years ) at Koobi Fora, Kenya, probably made by Homo habilis. At seven sites he found that 57 percent of the flakes were fight-oriented, and 43 percent left, a pattern almost identical to that produced today.
G) About 90 percent of modem humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral hemisphere，and the findings above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70, 000-35, 000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right，and the same was found for brains of specimens from Neanderthal，Gibraltar，and La Quina.
H)The longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres，connected by the corpus callosum. The hemispheres exhibit strong，but not complete，bilateral symmetry in both structure and function. For example，structurally，the lateral sulcus generally is longer in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere，and functionally，Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are present only in the left hemisphere in greater than 95％ of the population. Broad generalizations are often made in popular psychology about one side or the other having characteristic labels，such as“logical’’for the left side or“creative”for the fight. These labels need to be treated carefully；although a lateral dominance is measurable，both hemispheres contribute to both kinds of processes，and experimental evidence provides little suppoa for correlating the structural differences between the sides with such broadly-defined functional differences.
I)The extent of any modularity，or specialization of brain function by area，remains under investigation. If a specific region of the brain，or even an entire hemisphere，is either injured or destroyed，its functions can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the ipsilateral hemisphere or a corresponding region in the contralateral hemisphere，depending upon the area damaged and the patient’s age. When injury interferes with pathways from one area to another，alternative(indirect)connections may develop to communicate information with detached areas，despite the inefficiencies. Brain function lateralization is evident in the phenomena of right-or left—handedness and of fight or left ear preference，but a person’s preferred hand is not a clear indication of the location of brain function. Although 95％ of fight-handed people have left—hemisphere dominance for language. 18. 8％of left-handed people have fight-hemisphere dominance for language function. Additionally, 19.8％of the left-handed have bilateral language functions. Even within various language functions(e. g. semantics，syntax，prosody韵律)，degree(and even hemisphere)of dominance may differ.
It is acknowledged that there are more right-handed than left·handed people.
7、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．Whether or not snowflakes can be analyzed.
B．How snowflakes are formed.
C．What causes a snowstorm.
D．Where the largest snowflakes can be found.
简答题
8、幸福可以被描述为一种积极的情绪和愉快的心态。根据近的民意测验，百分之六十到七十的美国人认为自己是基本上幸福的，而每二十个人中就有一个人认为自己不幸福。心理学家一直在研究构成幸福的因素。他们发现，幸福是不可预知的，一个看起来处于理想环境的人并不一定会感到幸福，理想的环境和他的实际感觉之间可能没有什么关系。
9、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of microblog ( 微博). You should start your essay with abrief account of the increasing use of the microblog and then explain thedefects it may cause. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.
10、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the traffic jam. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.
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The Traffic Jam
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