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单项选择题
1、
根据录音，选择合适的答案（　　）。
A．The woman is rather forgetful．
B．The man appreciates the woman's help．
C．The man often lends books to the woman．
D．The woman often works overtime at weekends．


2、
Essay．Grading Software Offers Professors a Break
A．Imagine taking a college exam，and，instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later，clicking the“send”button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly，your essay scored by a software program．And then，instead of being done with that exam，imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade．
B．EDX，the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)to offer courses on the Internet，has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it．The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers，freeing professors for other tasks．
C．The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education．Although automated grading systems for multiple—choice and true—false tests are now widespread，the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics．
D．Anant Agarwal，an electrical engineer who is president of EDX，predicted that the instant—grading software would be a useful teaching tool enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers．He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system，where students often wait days or weeks lor grades．“There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback，”Dr．Agarwal said．“Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback．”
E．But skeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no match for live teachers．One longtime critic， Les Perelman，has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks．He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders．
F．He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁)opposing automated assessment software．The group．  which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High—Stakes Assessment，has collected nearly 2，000 signatures，including some from famous people like Noanl Chomsky．
G．“Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scorin9，”the group’s statement reads in part． “Computers cannot‘read．’They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication：accuracy．reasonin9，adequacy of evidence，good sense，ethical(伦理的)position，convincing argument，meaningful organization，and clarity，among others．”
H)But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities．It offers free online classes from Harvard．MIT and the University of California—Berkeley；this fall，it will add classes  from Well esley．Georgetown and the University of Texas．In all，12 universities participate in EDX，which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year，including adding international schools．
I．The EDX assessment tool requires human teachers，or graders，to first grade l00 essays or essay questions．The system then uses a variety of machine—learning techniques to train itself to be able to  grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly．The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher，whether it is a letter grade or  numerical(数字的)rank．
J ． EDX is not the first to use the automated assessment technology，which dates to early computers in the l960s．There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers，and four states--Louisiana，North Dakota，Utah and West Virginia--are using some form
of the technology in secondary schools．A fifth，Indiana，has experimented with it．In some cases the software is used as a“second reader．”to check the reliability of the human graders．
K．But the growing influence of the EDx consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology aboost．On Tuesday，Stanford announced that it would work with EDX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology．
L．Two start．ups．Coursera and Udacity，recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create“massive open online courses，”0r MOOCs，are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback．‘‘It allows students to get immediate feedback on their
work．so that learning turns into a game，with students naturally gravitating(吸引)toward resubmitting the work until they get it right，”said Daphne Koller，a computer scientist and afounder of Coursera．
M．Last year the Hewlett Foundation，  a grant—malting organization set up by one of the Hewlett Packard founders and his wife．sponsored two$100，000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers．More than l50 teams entered each category．A winner of one of the Hewlett contests．Vik Paruchuri，was hired by E(Ⅸto help design its assessment software．
N．“One of our focuses is to help Mds learn how to think critically，”said Victor Vuchic，a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation．“It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple—choice tests The challenge is that this requires human graders，and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time．“
O．Mark D．Shermis，a professor at the University of Akron in Ohi0．supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment．In his view，the technology--though imperfect--has a place in educational settings．
P．With increasingly large classes，it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments，he said．Plus，he noted，critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities，where the level of teaching is much better than at n lost schools．
Q)“Often they come from very famous institutions where，in fact，they do a much better．job of providing feedback than a machine ever could，”Dr．Shermis said．“There seems to be a lack of  appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world．”
Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to antomated essay grading．


3、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Eating a Mediterranean-style diet--packed with fruits，vegetables，legumes（豆类），nuts，olive oil and fish—is good for your heart. many studies have found. Now scientists are suggesting the diet may be good for your mental health，too.
A study of over 10，000 Spaniards followed for almost four and half years on average found that those who reported eating a healthy Mediterranean diet at the beginning of the study were about half as likely to develop depression than those who said they did not stick to the diet.
All of the participants were free of depression when they were recruited to the study，and each filled out a 136-item food frequency questionnaire when they joined. Based on their self-reported dietary habits，they were assigned a score between 0 and 9，with the highest score reflecting the closest sticking to a Mediterranean diet.
Over time，those who had scored between 5 and 9 on the Mediterranean diet were 42 percent to 51 percent less likely to develop depression，the study found，than those who scored between 0 and 2.
The study does not prove a cause—and-effect relationship between the Mediterranean diet and a lower risk for depression，only an association between the tw0.Still，many scientists are convinced that some damaging processes involved in cardiovascular（心脏血管的）disease may also play a role in mental health.
“Both cardiovascular disease and depression share common mechanisms，”said Dr. Miguel Angel Martinez. Gonzalez，professor of preventive medicine at University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spam，and senior author of the paper，published in the October issue of Archives of General Psychiatry.
 The membranes（细胞膜）of our nerve cell are composed of fat，so the quality of fat that you are eating definitely has all influence on the quality of the neuron membranes，and the body’s combination of neurotransmitters is dependent on the vitamins you’re eating.” Dr. Martinez. Gonzalez added.  “We think those least sticking to the Mediterranean dietary plan have a deficiency of essential nutrients.’’
The elements of the diet most closely linked to a lower risk of depression were fruits nuts and legumes，the study found.

Scientists have proved that a Mediterranean-style diet _____.
A．helps develop a healthy heart
B．results in a healthy mind
C．is popular among Spaniards
D．contains little fat

4、Questions are based on the following passage.
When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt, the conversation is almost always about student loan debt．But there's a growing body of evidence suggesting that today's young adults are als0 drowning in credit-card debt--and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.
More than 20% overspent their income by more than $100 every single month．Since they .haven't built up their credit histories yet, it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.
Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren't knocking back $20 drinks in trendy (时尚的)lounges．They're struggling with much more daily financial demands.
To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday．This obviously isn't sustainable in the long run, and it's going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they'll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条)they bought a decade earlier.
A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they're slower at paying it off． "If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future," warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State． "If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can't pay off their credit cards."
Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt."Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life, which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks."
What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.
B．Credit cards play .an increasingly important role in college life.
C．Credit cards are doing more haxm than student loans.
D．The American credit card system is under criticism.


5、 听音频：

Directions: [n this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A ),B．, C．and D ), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
A．He'll help the woman move them.
B．He'll keep them for the woman.
C．He can carry them with one hand.
D．He has a few more of them for the woman.


简答题
6、For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Rewards for Doing a Good Deed Be Promoted? You should write at least 12.0 words but no more than 180 words．Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1．
Should Rewards for Doing a Good Deed Be Promoted?

7、听录音,回答题
There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (26) ________  in a file cabinet．It could remain there for years and, often (27) ________ , never reach the outside world．
Things have done a complete about-face since then．(28) ________  the change has been the astonishingly swift development in recent years of the computer．Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another--and for one reason or another--can be stored in a computer bank．It can then be easily passed to other computer banks．They are owned by (29) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending institutions, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government agencies at the local, state, and (30) ________ level．
A growing number of Americans  are seeing the  accumulation and (31) ________  of
computerized data as a frightening invasion of their privacy．Surveys show that the number of the worrying Americans has been (32) ________   growing over the years as the computer becomes increasingly (33) ________, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and (34) ________．
In 1970, a national survey showed that 37% of the people questioned felt their privacy was being invaded．Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry．A recent survey by a credit bureau reviewed that the number of alarmed citizens had (35) ________ to 76%．
第(26)题__________


8、For this part, ．you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question．You should w~te at least 120 words but No more than 180 words．
Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interestingplace you would like to take him/her to see and why?


9、大熊猫(giant pandA．是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF)有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前。世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。


10、中国的互联网社区是全世界发展快的。2010年，中国约有4．2亿网民(netizen)，而且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使。用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用论坛、博客、聊天室等。