2015年英语四级考试每日一练(12月29日)
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单项选择题
1、
A．She became an expert in horse racing.
B．She got a chance to visit several European countries.
C．She was able to translate for a German sports judge.
D．She learned to appreciate classical music.
2、
A. If you've suspected lately that your family's mobile-phone bill is driven entirely by your 15-year-old, you are probably right. A recent Nielsen report shows that children aged 13 to 17 average an astonishing 3,417 text messagesa month--some 45 percent of all text messages. This breaks down to seventexts "every waking hour," or roughly one every 8.5 minutes. But those who look at this data and worry that young people are over-texting may be askingthe wrong question. The more relevant concern may be not the amount, butthe function. Many observers argue that the social world of teenagers and even young adults is nowadays largely constituted by text messaging.
B．Certainly a principal reason cited by many teens for their use of texting is that it is fun. In some surveys, young people reported that they prefer texting to conversation. And "prefer" may be too weak a word. Many young people, when not allowed to text, become anxious and nervous.
C.In recent years, there has been no shortage of reports on television about researchers who say they have found teens addicted ( 上瘾的 ) to their mobile phones. Perhaps a better way to view the data is as an illustration of how mobile phones in general, and texting in particular, have taken over the experiential world of the young. An economist might expect that teens deprived of texting would simply substitute another method of communication--talking, for instance. As it turns out, a significant minority will not. They will behave instead, researchers report, the way people do when deprived of human contact.
D. The phone, in other words, is not merely a tool through which teens keep in touch with friends. It is the technology that defines their social circle. If they cannot text someone, that person may as well not exist. Still, I am not criticizing the technology itself. Like most people of all ages these days, I find texting far too convenient to ignore——although, to be sure, I usually send two or three texts a day, not seven an hour.
E.The trouble is that texting arose suddenly, not gradually: Originally included in mobile phones as a tool to enable service providers to send advertising e-mails to their customers, it actually came to the U.S. later than most of the industrialized world. David Mercer, in his 2006 book "The Telephone: The Life Story of a Technology," suggests that the popularity of the practice rose sharply when viewers were urged to text their votes for the winner on such television programs as "American Idol".
F．This break from past practice was so radical that adults had no opportunity towork out from their own experience reasonable bounds for the young. And so the young, unbounded, freely created their own world, from which the old are largely excluded. Fears of what young people might be like if left freeto design the world have long been with us: Think "Lord of the Flies", "AClockwork Orange" or "Children of the Corn". That imponderable ( 无法估量的事物 ) I leave for others to weigh. I don't believe that over-texting willcreate dangerous psychopaths ( 精神病患者 ) . But it might create somethingelse.
G．Heavy texting has been linked to sleep deprivation among the young,evidently because they somehow feel compelled to respond, even in themiddle of the night. Researchers have found connections between textingand many other things. A 2006 study by James E. Katz of Rutgers University,perhaps the leading academic expert on mobile-phone use, has found thatyoung people have trouble giving up their phones, even for a short time. Mostwere unable to make it through a two-day experiment designed to discoverwhat they would do without their phones.
H．On the other hand, if appropriately used, texting might help get rid of theweird and rode etiquette ( 礼仪；规矩) of the mobile phone, in which, forno reason but the technology's existence, it is the recipient (接受者) ofthe call who is somehow required to make an excuse if not free to answer.
Texting remind people of an earlier, less demanding model of communication,in which response was at the convenience of the respondent. It was, andis, known as letter writing. There may actually be advantages in the useof phones for a purpose other than conversation. The sudden increase ofphone apps may help children learn. (It may also lead to a new digital dividebetween those with lots of apps on their phones and those without.) And forthose who are worried that constant mobile-phone use by the young mightlead to cancer, texting--in which the phone is nowhere near the ear--isobviously an improvement.
I．The larger problem with texting involves neither the physical nor the mentalhealth of our growing army of young texters. My worry is that the ubiquity( 普遍存在 ) of texting may speed up the decline of what our struggling democracymost needs: independent thought. Indeed, as texting crowds out otheractivities, it must inevitably crowd out inactivity--and there lies a danger. Forinactivity and thinking are closely linked. By inactivity, I mean doing nothingthat occupies the mind: time spent in reflection. Bertrand Russell wrote anexcellent essay on this subject, titled "In Praise of Idleness" (also the title ofthe collection in which the essay is most readily founD．. Russell's point is thatwhen the rest of the world thinks we are idle, the brain, if properly trained,is following its own path. Only then, he contends, are we truly thinking.
The rest of the time we are analyzing and reacting, but our thoughts are thendetermined by responses to the thoughts of others. Unless we spend time inreflection--in idleness--we can never truly think thoughts of our own.
The sudden increase of phone apps may be beneficial to children's study.
3、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word，silent．From the very beginning，music was regarded as an 36 accompaniment；when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896，they were 37 by piano improvisations（即兴创作）on popular tunes．At first，the music played 38 no special relationship to the films；an accompaniment of any kind was 39 ．Within a very short time，however，the incongruity（不协调）of playing lively music to a 40 film became apparent，and film pianists began to take some care in4l their pieces to the mood of the film.
As movie theaters grew in number and importance，a violinist，and perhaps a cellist，would be added to the pianist in certain 42 , and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed．For a number of years the selection of music for each film program 43 entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal 44 for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces．Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown, the musical arrangement was 45 improvised in the greatest hurry.
A．sufficient
B．incredible
C．accompanied
D．comparatively
E．matching
F．rested
G．normally
H．occasions
I．bore.
J．qualification
K．solemn
L．indispensable
M．severe
N．according
O．cases
第(36)题应填__________
4、Questions are based on the following passage．
There are two types of people in the world．Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other 36 of life，one becomes happy，the other becomes unhappy．This 37 from the different ways in which they consider things，persons，events and the resulting effects upon their minds．
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things，the pleasant parts of conversation，the well prepared dishes，the goodness of the wine，the fine weather．They enjoy all the cheerful things．Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the 38 things．Therefore，they are continually discontented．By their remarks，they sour the pleasure of society，offend many people，and make themselves 39 everywhere．If this turn of mind was founded in nature，such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied。
The 40 of criticizing and being disgusted is perhaps taken up by imitation．It grows into a habit，unknown to its 41．The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it are 42 of its bad effects on their interests and tastes．I hope this little warning may be of 43 to hem，and help them change this habit．
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination，it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck．Those people offend many others；nobody loves them，and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect．This 44 puts them in bad 45 and draws them into arguments．These should change this bad habit．If they do not，it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them．
A．arises
B．assured
C．comforts
D．contrary
E．convinced
F．disagreeable
G．dissatisfied
H．emerges
I．frequently
J．occasionally
K．possession
L．possessors
M．service
N．temper
O．tendency
第(36)题应填__________
5、根据材料，回答问题。
The festive break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, New Year fitness regimes are too. Despite2.6m people starting diets on New Year's Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up,36exercise and gorging on comfort food.
Findings37 by weightloss firm XLS-Medical, suggest that the 38 majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week. Two out of l0 dieters 39 they have their first diet relapse (退步) just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause. Boredom and alcohol were40 blamed for people failing to keep their health kick on track.
Dr. Matt Capehorn, Clinical Director of the National Obesity Forum, 41 that just one day off from dieting can undo a week's worth of hard work. He told Female First: "A healthy diet, aimed at losing llb per week, relies on saving 3500 calories a week by having 500 calories less each day." "A day off the diet should mean that you eat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge (大吃大喝 ) and have thousands of calories more than they need. "
The results suggest that a 42590,000 could already have43to stick to New Year diet resolutions.
And a vast majority are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts.
Yet44it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until they've45their target weight.
A．massive
B．reached
C．highlighted
D．blamed
E．shunning
F．still
G．released
H．lost
I．also
J．admitted
K．treated
L．dieted
M．overall
N ．vast
O．failed
36.__________
简答题
6、
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the pictureand then express your views on people's sharing everything online.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
7、For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to un ite a short essay entitled Vocational Educationor College Education?following the outline given below.You should write least 120 wordsbut no?nore than 180words.Write your essay on Answer Sheet l.
1.报考职业学院的人数近年来有上升的趋势
2.有人认为职业教育更有利于就业，有人认为大学文凭更重要
3.我的看法
Vocational Education or College Education?
8、听录音，回答题
If you are like most people，you’ve indulged in fake listening many times．You go to history class，sit in the third row，and look（26）_____at the instructor as she speaks．But your mind is far away，（27）____ in the clouds of pleasant daydreams．（28）____ you come back to earth：the（29）____ writes an important term on the chalkboard，and you dutifully copy it in your notebook．Every once in awhile the instructor makes a witty remark，causing others in the class to laugh．You smile politely，pre-tending that you’ve heard the remark and found it mildly humorous．You have a vague（30）____ that you aren’t paying close attention，but you tell yourself that any material you miss can be（31）____ from a friend’s notes．Besides，the instructor is talking about road construction in ancient Rome and nothing could be more boring．So back you go into your（32）____ little world．Only later do you realize you’ve missed important information for a test．
Fake listening may be easily exposed，since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you’re merely pretending to listen．Your blank expression and the faraway look in your eyes are the cues that betray your（33）____．
Even if you’re not exposed，there’s another reason to（34）____ fakery：it’s easy for this behavior to become a habit．For some people，the habit is so（35）____ that they automatically start daydreaming when a speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting．As a result，they miss lots of valuable information．
第(26)题__________
9、 Directions. For this part, vou are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of conservation-oriented campus (节约型校园). Youshould start your essay with a brief account of reasons of creating aconservation-oriented campus and explain how to create it. You shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
10、 Directions For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of harmonious campus. You should start your essaywith a brief account of your understanding of harmonious ctvnpus andthen explain how to build it. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.
1、
A．She became an expert in horse racing.
B．She got a chance to visit several European countries.
C．She was able to translate for a German sports judge.
D．She learned to appreciate classical music.
2、
A. If you've suspected lately that your family's mobile-phone bill is driven entirely by your 15-year-old, you are probably right. A recent Nielsen report shows that children aged 13 to 17 average an astonishing 3,417 text messagesa month--some 45 percent of all text messages. This breaks down to seventexts "every waking hour," or roughly one every 8.5 minutes. But those who look at this data and worry that young people are over-texting may be askingthe wrong question. The more relevant concern may be not the amount, butthe function. Many observers argue that the social world of teenagers and even young adults is nowadays largely constituted by text messaging.
B．Certainly a principal reason cited by many teens for their use of texting is that it is fun. In some surveys, young people reported that they prefer texting to conversation. And "prefer" may be too weak a word. Many young people, when not allowed to text, become anxious and nervous.
C.In recent years, there has been no shortage of reports on television about researchers who say they have found teens addicted ( 上瘾的 ) to their mobile phones. Perhaps a better way to view the data is as an illustration of how mobile phones in general, and texting in particular, have taken over the experiential world of the young. An economist might expect that teens deprived of texting would simply substitute another method of communication--talking, for instance. As it turns out, a significant minority will not. They will behave instead, researchers report, the way people do when deprived of human contact.
D. The phone, in other words, is not merely a tool through which teens keep in touch with friends. It is the technology that defines their social circle. If they cannot text someone, that person may as well not exist. Still, I am not criticizing the technology itself. Like most people of all ages these days, I find texting far too convenient to ignore——although, to be sure, I usually send two or three texts a day, not seven an hour.
E.The trouble is that texting arose suddenly, not gradually: Originally included in mobile phones as a tool to enable service providers to send advertising e-mails to their customers, it actually came to the U.S. later than most of the industrialized world. David Mercer, in his 2006 book "The Telephone: The Life Story of a Technology," suggests that the popularity of the practice rose sharply when viewers were urged to text their votes for the winner on such television programs as "American Idol".
F．This break from past practice was so radical that adults had no opportunity towork out from their own experience reasonable bounds for the young. And so the young, unbounded, freely created their own world, from which the old are largely excluded. Fears of what young people might be like if left freeto design the world have long been with us: Think "Lord of the Flies", "AClockwork Orange" or "Children of the Corn". That imponderable ( 无法估量的事物 ) I leave for others to weigh. I don't believe that over-texting willcreate dangerous psychopaths ( 精神病患者 ) . But it might create somethingelse.
G．Heavy texting has been linked to sleep deprivation among the young,evidently because they somehow feel compelled to respond, even in themiddle of the night. Researchers have found connections between textingand many other things. A 2006 study by James E. Katz of Rutgers University,perhaps the leading academic expert on mobile-phone use, has found thatyoung people have trouble giving up their phones, even for a short time. Mostwere unable to make it through a two-day experiment designed to discoverwhat they would do without their phones.
H．On the other hand, if appropriately used, texting might help get rid of theweird and rode etiquette ( 礼仪；规矩) of the mobile phone, in which, forno reason but the technology's existence, it is the recipient (接受者) ofthe call who is somehow required to make an excuse if not free to answer.
Texting remind people of an earlier, less demanding model of communication,in which response was at the convenience of the respondent. It was, andis, known as letter writing. There may actually be advantages in the useof phones for a purpose other than conversation. The sudden increase ofphone apps may help children learn. (It may also lead to a new digital dividebetween those with lots of apps on their phones and those without.) And forthose who are worried that constant mobile-phone use by the young mightlead to cancer, texting--in which the phone is nowhere near the ear--isobviously an improvement.
I．The larger problem with texting involves neither the physical nor the mentalhealth of our growing army of young texters. My worry is that the ubiquity( 普遍存在 ) of texting may speed up the decline of what our struggling democracymost needs: independent thought. Indeed, as texting crowds out otheractivities, it must inevitably crowd out inactivity--and there lies a danger. Forinactivity and thinking are closely linked. By inactivity, I mean doing nothingthat occupies the mind: time spent in reflection. Bertrand Russell wrote anexcellent essay on this subject, titled "In Praise of Idleness" (also the title ofthe collection in which the essay is most readily founD．. Russell's point is thatwhen the rest of the world thinks we are idle, the brain, if properly trained,is following its own path. Only then, he contends, are we truly thinking.
The rest of the time we are analyzing and reacting, but our thoughts are thendetermined by responses to the thoughts of others. Unless we spend time inreflection--in idleness--we can never truly think thoughts of our own.
The sudden increase of phone apps may be beneficial to children's study.
3、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word，silent．From the very beginning，music was regarded as an 36 accompaniment；when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896，they were 37 by piano improvisations（即兴创作）on popular tunes．At first，the music played 38 no special relationship to the films；an accompaniment of any kind was 39 ．Within a very short time，however，the incongruity（不协调）of playing lively music to a 40 film became apparent，and film pianists began to take some care in4l their pieces to the mood of the film.
As movie theaters grew in number and importance，a violinist，and perhaps a cellist，would be added to the pianist in certain 42 , and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed．For a number of years the selection of music for each film program 43 entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal 44 for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces．Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown, the musical arrangement was 45 improvised in the greatest hurry.
A．sufficient
B．incredible
C．accompanied
D．comparatively
E．matching
F．rested
G．normally
H．occasions
I．bore.
J．qualification
K．solemn
L．indispensable
M．severe
N．according
O．cases
第(36)题应填__________
4、Questions are based on the following passage．
There are two types of people in the world．Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other 36 of life，one becomes happy，the other becomes unhappy．This 37 from the different ways in which they consider things，persons，events and the resulting effects upon their minds．
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things，the pleasant parts of conversation，the well prepared dishes，the goodness of the wine，the fine weather．They enjoy all the cheerful things．Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the 38 things．Therefore，they are continually discontented．By their remarks，they sour the pleasure of society，offend many people，and make themselves 39 everywhere．If this turn of mind was founded in nature，such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied。
The 40 of criticizing and being disgusted is perhaps taken up by imitation．It grows into a habit，unknown to its 41．The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it are 42 of its bad effects on their interests and tastes．I hope this little warning may be of 43 to hem，and help them change this habit．
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination，it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck．Those people offend many others；nobody loves them，and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect．This 44 puts them in bad 45 and draws them into arguments．These should change this bad habit．If they do not，it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them．
A．arises
B．assured
C．comforts
D．contrary
E．convinced
F．disagreeable
G．dissatisfied
H．emerges
I．frequently
J．occasionally
K．possession
L．possessors
M．service
N．temper
O．tendency
第(36)题应填__________
5、根据材料，回答问题。
The festive break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, New Year fitness regimes are too. Despite2.6m people starting diets on New Year's Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up,36exercise and gorging on comfort food.
Findings37 by weightloss firm XLS-Medical, suggest that the 38 majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week. Two out of l0 dieters 39 they have their first diet relapse (退步) just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause. Boredom and alcohol were40 blamed for people failing to keep their health kick on track.
Dr. Matt Capehorn, Clinical Director of the National Obesity Forum, 41 that just one day off from dieting can undo a week's worth of hard work. He told Female First: "A healthy diet, aimed at losing llb per week, relies on saving 3500 calories a week by having 500 calories less each day." "A day off the diet should mean that you eat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge (大吃大喝 ) and have thousands of calories more than they need. "
The results suggest that a 42590,000 could already have43to stick to New Year diet resolutions.
And a vast majority are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts.
Yet44it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until they've45their target weight.
A．massive
B．reached
C．highlighted
D．blamed
E．shunning
F．still
G．released
H．lost
I．also
J．admitted
K．treated
L．dieted
M．overall
N ．vast
O．failed
36.__________
简答题
6、
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the pictureand then express your views on people's sharing everything online.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
7、For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to un ite a short essay entitled Vocational Educationor College Education?following the outline given below.You should write least 120 wordsbut no?nore than 180words.Write your essay on Answer Sheet l.
1.报考职业学院的人数近年来有上升的趋势
2.有人认为职业教育更有利于就业，有人认为大学文凭更重要
3.我的看法
Vocational Education or College Education?
8、听录音，回答题
If you are like most people，you’ve indulged in fake listening many times．You go to history class，sit in the third row，and look（26）_____at the instructor as she speaks．But your mind is far away，（27）____ in the clouds of pleasant daydreams．（28）____ you come back to earth：the（29）____ writes an important term on the chalkboard，and you dutifully copy it in your notebook．Every once in awhile the instructor makes a witty remark，causing others in the class to laugh．You smile politely，pre-tending that you’ve heard the remark and found it mildly humorous．You have a vague（30）____ that you aren’t paying close attention，but you tell yourself that any material you miss can be（31）____ from a friend’s notes．Besides，the instructor is talking about road construction in ancient Rome and nothing could be more boring．So back you go into your（32）____ little world．Only later do you realize you’ve missed important information for a test．
Fake listening may be easily exposed，since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you’re merely pretending to listen．Your blank expression and the faraway look in your eyes are the cues that betray your（33）____．
Even if you’re not exposed，there’s another reason to（34）____ fakery：it’s easy for this behavior to become a habit．For some people，the habit is so（35）____ that they automatically start daydreaming when a speaker begins talking on something complex or uninteresting．As a result，they miss lots of valuable information．
第(26)题__________
9、 Directions. For this part, vou are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of conservation-oriented campus (节约型校园). Youshould start your essay with a brief account of reasons of creating aconservation-oriented campus and explain how to create it. You shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
10、 Directions For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of harmonious campus. You should start your essaywith a brief account of your understanding of harmonious ctvnpus andthen explain how to build it. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.
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