Part
Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
From childhood to old age,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldabout us. Whenhumansfirst__71__,they werelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis__72__tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankindsfuture__73__andculturalgrowthincreased.
Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis __74__ forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage. They__75__ thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus__76__aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower__77__.
Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour __78__forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,__79__afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood. Thereforetherearecritical__80__ timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current __81__ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.__82__,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin __83__grades.
Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing__84__tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe__85__of
theirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.
__86__someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen__87__fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage. Thisdemonstratesthat _88__withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryfor
properlanguagedevelopment. Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage__89__thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.__90__,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem. Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchildslanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsand
negativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
71.
A) generated B) evolved
C) born D) originated

72.
A) valuable B) appropriate
C) convenient D) favorite

73.
A) attainments B) feasibility
C) entertainments D) evolution

74.
A) essential B) available
C) reliable D) responsible

75.
A) confirm B) inform
C) claim D) convince

76.
A) for B) from
C) of D) with

77.
A) organizations B) organisms
C) humans D) children

78.
A) potential B) performance
C) preference D) passion

79.
A) as B) justas
C) like D) unlike

80.
A) ideological B) biological
C) social D) psychological

81.
A) reviews B) reference
C) reaction D) recommendation

82.A) In a word B) In a sense
C) Indeed D) In other words

83.
A) various B) different
C) the higher D) the lower

84.
A) revealed B) exposed
C) engaged D) involved

85.
A) regulations B) formations
C) rulesformations D) constitutions

86
A) Although B) Whether
C) Since D) When