2013年成人英语考试三级考试语法指导
几点参考规则:
1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如:she sings very well. i met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now. i met just now your uncle (错)
2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如:these two are only slightly different.
right after this, very smoothly
当然,副词enough是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如:i am not good enough to do this job. (对)
i am not enough good to do this job. (错)
3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be动词之后,如:he often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis. he is always here at 8’clock. (be动词之后)
4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如:only, even, still, perhaps, etc.
容易混淆的词
hard (努力,副词) -hardly (几乎不,副词)
close (接近,形容词) -closely(接近,副词)
near (接近,形容词) -nearly (几乎,副词), nearby (adj.邻近的)
most (大多数的,形容词) -mostly(主要地,大部分 副词)
late (迟、晚,形容词) -lately (近,副词),later(adv.稍后的)
high (高的,形容词) -highly (adv. 非常,大大的)
另外: friendly(友好的), lovely(可爱的、有趣的),尽管词尾有ly, 但是都是形容词作主语:不定式短语可作主语如:to see is to believe (百闻不如一见)
to work hard should be your major concern.
注意:由于英文不习惯句子主语过长,不定式主语常被形式主语it所代替(详见第十七章)
例如上面第二句可以变为: it should be your major concern to work hard.
又如: it is very nice of you to help me
不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如:something to read, nothing to do, anything to declare,
a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc.
由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加上相
搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in june
独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
如:(with) his mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格) 对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致: filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.
在toefl考试中,经常混淆反身代词的写法,结尾的-self和-selves经常故意写错
反身代词的用法
可以用来做宾语: he hurt himself when he fell.
可以用来做表语: he is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服)
反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调, 表示“亲自”的意思
i myself do it.
i do it myself.
they made the research themselves
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