2013年成人英语考试三级考试语法指导
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对toefl应注意以下几点:
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:the fern(蕨类), the wallflower
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如:the first woman, the nineteenth century 但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby
(3) 形容词之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如:the largest city, the most advanced technology
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如:the development of the watch,
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如:the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
在下列情况下,一般不用the:
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: dennis chavez(人名),alaska(地名),english(英语), february(二月), america(美 国)
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the the great lakes(美国五大湖), the changjiang river(长江)
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如:algebra(代数学), advertising, accounting(会计学)
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如:historians believe that…, amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from…
(4) 一些固定词组中,如:in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed
乘车的词组:
by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车), by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) on foot (步行), by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船),
打球的词组:
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:he was elected (the)chairman of the committee. 不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词:much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词专用另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比 较级 和。
比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和 to连用 ,而不和than连用。
有些形容词本身就具备“、极”的含义,所以就没有和比较级。如:absolute(的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的),right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称 为形容词对于most来讲,除了构成某些词外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点。
几点参考规则:
1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如:she sings very well.
i met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now.
i met just now your uncle (错)
2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如:these two are only slightly different.
right after this, very smoothly
当然,副词enough是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如:i am not good enough to do this job. (对)
i am not enough good to do this job. (错)
3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be动词之后,如:he often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis. 、he is always here at 8’clock. (be动词之后)
4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如:only, even, still, perhaps, etc.
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