2015年学位英语考试冲刺试题及答案（第二套）
Part I Reading Comprehension(30%)
Directions：There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or un-finished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.You should decideon the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage l
Archaeology，like many academic words，comes from Greek and mealls，more or less，“thestudy of old things”.So，it is really a part of the study of history.However，most historians use paperevidence，such as letters，paintings and photographs，but archaeologists(考古学家)learn from theobjects left behind by the humans of long a90.Normally.these are the hard materials that don’t breakdown or disappear very quickly-things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history--normally，the bacteria(细菌)in the air eat away at soft materials，like bodies，clothes and things made of wood.Occasion-ally，things are different.
In l 984，two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss，in thenorth of England.A bog is a very wet area of earth，with a lot of plants growing in it.It can be like avery big and very thick vegetable soup--walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear for-ever.The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot!Naturally，the men called the police，who then found the rest of the body.Was it a case of murder?Possibly-butit was a death nearly two thousand years old.The two men had found a body from the time of the Ro-mall invasion of Britain.Despite being so old，this body had skin，muscles，hair and internal or-gans-thescientists who examined him were able to look inside the man’s stomach and find the foodthat he had eaten for his last meal!
Why was this man so well preserved?(76)It was because he was in a Very watery enVironment，safb fromle bacteria that need oxygen to live.Als0，the water in the bog was very acidic.The acidpreserved the mall’s skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.
How did he die?Understandably，archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more aboutthe person that they called，“Lindow Man”.(77)His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn'tdone heavy manual work in his life-he could have been a rich man.They found that he hadn’t diedby accident.The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.
1.Which language does the word‘‘archaeology’’come from?
A.French.
B.Greek.
C.Roman.
D.German.
2.The word“these” in the first paragraph refers to_________.
A.1etters
B.photographs
C.paintings
D.objects
3.Which of the following helped to preserve“Lindow Man”?
A.Ice and low temperature.
B.Bacteria and oxygen.
C.Soil and energy.
D.Acid and water.
4.According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.“Lindow Man” was named after the person who first found him.
B.Historians usually use paper evidence，while archaeologists use hard evidence.
C.“Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.
D.“Lindow Man” was good at manual work.
5.Which is the best title for the passage?
A.What Is Archaeology?
B.Archaeology and History.
C.An Amazing Archaeological Discovery.
D.The Death of “Lindow Man”.
Passage 2
Trees are useful to man in three important ways：they provide him with wood and other products;they give him shade;and they help to prevent droughts and floods.
Unfortunately，in many parts of the world，man has not realized that the third of these services isthe most important.(78)In his eagerness to make money from trees,he has cut them down in largenumbers,only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.And besides，he is usuallytoo careless to plant and look after new trees.So the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees.The results are even more serious：forwhere there are trees，their roots break up soil-allowing the rain to sink inand also bind the soil，thus preventing it from being washed away easily;but where there are no trees，the rain falls on hardground and flows away，causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil.When all the top-soil isgone，nothing remains but worthless desert.
Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships，withwhich to gain itself an empire.It set up the empire but，without its trees，its soil became poor and itgrew weak.When the empire fell to pieces;the home country found itself faced with floods and starva-lion.
6.What is the most important service of trees to man according to the passage?
A.Tey help him make money.
B.Tey give him wood and other products.
C.They help him prevent droughts and floods.
D.Tey give him shade.
7.Why do forests in many parts of the world slowly disappear?
A.New trees are not looked after properly.
B.Many trees have been cut down by man.
C.Man has not paid enough attention to planting trees.
D.All of the above.
8.Why did the country mentioned in the passage suffer from floods and starvation?
A.Because an empire was set up.
B.Because the empire fell to pieces.
C.Because it lost its trees.
D.Because too much had been spent on was.
9.Why does land become desert after all trees are cut down?
A.Because nothing remains on land except floods.
B.Because there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil.
C.Because too much rain sinks in and washes away the top-soil.
D.Because roots of the trees break up the soil.
10.What does the author tell US in tll is passage?
A.How trees help prevent droughts and floods.
B.The relationship between trees and man.
C.How an empire fell to pieces in ancient times.
D.A story of trees.
Passage 3
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory.(79)The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make r and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use.It includes notonly“rememberin9”things like arithmetic or historical facts，but also involving any change in the way an animal typically behaves.(80)Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he hassniffed something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory is also inVolved when a six-year-old child learnsto swing a baseball bat.
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines.Computers，for example，contain devices for storing data for later use.It is interesting to compare thememory—storage capacity of a computer with that of a human bein9.The instant-access memory of alarge computer may hold up t0100，000“words”-ready for instant use.An average U·S·teenagerprobably recognizes the meaning of about l00，000 words of English.However，this is but a fraction oftlle total amount of information which the teenager has stored.Consider，for example，the number offaces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.
The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem—solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.
11.According to the passage.memory is considered to be__________.
A.the basis for decision making and problem solving
B.an ability to store experiences for future use
C.an intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words
12.The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that________
A.the computer's memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager's
B.the computer's memory capacity is much smaller that an adult human bein9’s
C.the computer's memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager's
D.botll A and B
13.The whole passage implies that___________
A.only human beings have problem—solving intelligence
B.a person’s memory is different from a computer's in every respect
C.animals are able to solve only very simple problems
D.animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence
14.The phrase‘‘i’n terms of'’in the last sentence can best be replaced by_________.
A.“in connection with”
B.“expressed by”
C.“consistin9”
D.“by means of’’
15.The topic of the passage is：_________.
A.What would life be like without memory?
B.Memory is of vital importance to life.
C.How is a person’s memory different from an animal’s or a computer's?
D.What is contained in memory?
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