Passage 3

All the useful energy at the surface of the earth comes from the activity of the sun: The sun heats and feeds creatures and mankind. Each year it provides men with two hundred million tons of grain and nearly ten million tons of wood, coal, oil, natural gas, and all other fuels are stored en-ergy from the sun. Some was collected by this season' s plants as carbon compounds. Some was stored by plants and trees ages ago. Even waterpower derives from the sun. Water turned into va-por by the sun fails as rain. It courses down the mountains and is converted to electric power. Light transmits only the energy that comes from the sun' s outer layer, and much of this energy that is di-rected towards the earth never arrives. About nine tenths of it is absorbed by the atmosphere of the earth. In fact, the earth itself gets only one half millionth of the sun' s entire output of radiant energy.

26. The sun is the source of all of the following EXCEPT__________.

A. gasoline

B. natural gas

C. atomic power

D. animal fat

27. Radiant energy is stored as carbon compounds by__________.

A. plants

B. water

C. rock

D. creatures

28. The sun' s energy provides us with all EXCEPT__________.

A. rain

B. teal

C. water

D. light

29. The largest part of the light energy directed towards the earth is__________.

A. stored up by the plants

B. absorbed by the earth' s atmosphere

C. stored up by the animals in the form of body fat

D. used for electric power

30. Of the sun' s total output of radiant energy, the earth receives__________.

A. one tenth

B. one millionth

C. all that comes from the surface of the sun

D. a very small portion

Passage 4

Television has changed the lifestyle of people in every industrialized country in the world. In the United States, where sociologists have studied the effects, some interesting observations have been made.

Television, although not essential, has become an important part of most people' s lives. It al-ters people's ways of seeing the world; in many ways, it supports and sustains (维持)modem life.

Television has become a baby-sitter, an introducer of conversations, the major transmitter of culture and a keeper of tradition. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically ana-lyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer; the poor quality of pro-gramming does not elevate(提高) people into greater understanding, but rather maintains.and en-courages the life as it exists.

The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV.

Sponsors not only paid money for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs.

Thus, in American society, television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible. To do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than educational, attractive rather than challenging.

Television in America today remains, to a large extent, with the same organization and stand-ards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for further development and true achievement toward im-proving society will require a change in the entire system.

31. According to the author, American television is poor in quality because__________.

A. advertisers are interested in experimenting with new ideas

B. it is still at an early stage of development, compared with the radio

C. the programs have to be developed in the interests of the sponsors for economic reasons

D. it is controlled by radio companies

32. The second paragraph is mainly about__________.

A. TV as the sustainer of American life

B. TV as the major transmitter of culture

C. the educational effect of TV on society

D. the strong influence and the poor quality of American TV

33. In the author' s view American TV should__________.

A. be critical but entertaining

B. be creative and educational

C. change with the development of society

D. attract as many viewers as possible

34. The author believes that television in the United States has become important to most people be-cause__________.

A. it promotes family unity

B. it helps them develop their speaking ability

C. it affects their life in many ways

D. it challenges society

35. The author' s attitude towards American television is__________.

A. critical

B. praising

C. doubtful

D. Sympathetic

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