Passage 2

Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they provide him with wood and other prod-ucts; they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts and floods.

Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to-make money from trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And besides, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.

This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even more serious:for where there are trees, their roots break up soil allowing the rain to sink in and also bind the soil, thus preventing it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert.

Two thousand, years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It set up the empire but, without its trees, its soil became poor and it grew weak. When the empire fell to pieces, the home country found itself faced with floods and starvation.

56. What is the most important service of trees to man according to the passage?

A. They help him make money.

B. They give him wood and other products.

C. They help him prevent droughts and floods.

D. They give him shade.

57. Why do forests in many parts of the world slowly disappear?

A. New trees are not looked after properly.

B. Many trees have been cut down by man.

C. Man has not paid enough attention to planting trees.

D. All of the above.

58. Why did the country mentioned in the passage suffer from floods and starvation?

A. Because an empire was set up.

B. Because the empire fell to pieces.

C. Because it lost its trees.

D. Because too much had been spent on wars.

59. Why does land become desert after all trees are cut down?

A. Because nothing remains on land except floods.

B. Because there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil.

C. Because too much rain sinks in and washes away the top-soil.

D. Because roots of the trees break up the soil.

60. What does the author tell us in this passage?

A. How trees help prevent droughts and floods.

B. The relationship between trees and man.

C. How an empire fell to pieces in ancient times.

D. A story of trees.

Passage 3

Not all memories are sweet. Some. people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experi-ences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars.

Often they relive these experiences in nightmares(噩梦).

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience.

They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase( 抹去), the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the e-motional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.

Supporters. say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

"Some memories can ruin people' s lives. They come back to you when you don' t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions. ” said Roger Pitman,aprofessor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."

But those who are against the research say that it is verydangerous to change memories be-cause memories give us our identity(物质). They also help us all avoidthe mistakes of the past.

"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out," said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.

61. The passage is mainly about__________.

A. a new medical invention

B. a new research on memories

C. a way of erasing painful memories

D. an argument about the research on the pill

62. The drug tested on people can__________.

A. cause the brain to fix memories

B. stop people remembering their experiences

C. prevent body producing certain chemicals

D. wipe out the emotional effects of memories

63. We can infer from the passage that__________.

A. people doubt the effects of the pills

B. the pill will stop people' s bad experiences

C. taking the pill will do harm to people' s health

D. the pill has probably been produced in America

64. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?

A. Some memories can ruin people' s lives.

B. People want to get rid of bad memories.

C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from Others.

D. The pill will reduce people' s sufferings from bad memories.

65. The word "scars" in Paragraph One is close in meaning to__________.

A. good stories

B. pains

C. experiences

D. memories

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