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常用连词
等立连词：and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for

常用关联词
主从连词 that , whether , if
连接代词 who , whom , whose , what , where , which
连接副词 when , where , why , how

倒装句
Never , Scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances （这些词或词组放在句首作壮语时）

There be 句型和大多数的疑问句都是倒装句

Here , there , then , thus 等副词放在句首时，谓语动词为come , be , exist , follow 等不及物动词时，句子一般都为全部倒装 Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus .

句首为 so , nor , neither 等副词时、表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时 ，句子为倒装
Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister

在虚拟语气中，非真实条件从句中的连词省略时，句子为倒装。这时，倒装到主语前的助动次 had ,should 和动词were 。 Had I left a little earlier , I would have missed the train

so / nor / neither + 系动词/ 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语
表示前句中谓语所说明的情况也同样适用于后句中的主语，用到装。
He doesn’t like music . Nor / Neither do I .

在Hardly ~~ when 和 No sooner ~~ than 以及 Not until 的句型中，由于否定词或否定词组放在句首，主句部分中的主、谓要到装———助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形
No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .

直接引语和间接引语
John said , “ I ‘m going to London with my father .”
John said that he was going to London with his father .

一般疑问句变成以if (whether ) 引导的宾语从句
He said , “Have you all understood this passage ?”
He asked the class if they had all understood that passage 。

祈使句变为动词不定式， 作ask , tell 等动词的宾语补足语。表示命令时常用 tell , order 等；表示请求时常用ask , beg 等动词，原句中的don’t 应变为 not 。
The manager said to the clerk , “Be polite to all the clients .”
The manager told the clerk to be polite to all the clients .