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　　1. He used to ______ the first to arrive and the last to leave.

　　A. is B. was C. being D. be

　　used to +动词原型

　　答案 B

　　2. She ______ eat so many sweet things.

　　A. used to not B. never used

　　C. didn't use to D. didn't use

　　答案 C

　　3. Mr. Brown often wears a heavy coat because he is not used _____ in such a cold climate.

　　A. to live B. to living C. live D. lived

　　答案 B

　　4. I like Jean but I don't like _______.

　　A. her sing B. her singing C. she sing D. she singing

　　动名词的逻辑主语可以由物主代词和名词代替。

　　答案 B

　　5. “Why is Fred so upset？”

　　“He isn't used ______ criticized.”

　　A. be B. to be C. to being D. having been

　　答案 C

　　6. Do you remember _______ to Professor Smith during your last visit？

　　A. to be introduced B. being introduced

　　C. having introduced D. to have introduced

　　答案 B

　　主动语态中介绍某人 introduce sb. to sb.

　　7. “Is George really leaving the university？”

　　“Yes. But would you mind _______ to anyone？”

　　A. not mentioning it B. not to mention it

　　C. not mention it D. not to mentioning it

　　答案 A

　　8. It's no use _______ to get a bargain these days.

　　A. to expect B. expected C. expecting D. to be expecting

　　it is no use doing

　　答案 C

　　9. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to _______ her.

　　A. have seen B. see C. seeing D. be seen

　　答案 C

　　10. It's no use ________ your chickens before they are hatched.

　　A. counting B. count C. to count D. of counting

　　蛋未孵勿先数；不要过早乐观

　　答案 A

　　11. I thought it was worthwhile _______ a hundred miles to see the basketball game.

　　A. of driving B. driving C. drive D. being driven

　　答案 B

　　12. When the little girl got back her answer sheet， she could not help _____.

　　A. from crying B. to cry C. herself from crying D. crying

　　can't help doing

　　答案 D

　　13. I remember ______ my book somewhere but just can't find it.

　　A. put B. to put C. putting D. to be putting

　　答案 C

　　14. Don't forget ________ the light when you leave the office.

　　A. to turn off B. turning off C. turned off D. turn off

　　forget to do 忘记要做的事情

　　forget doing 忘记做过的事情

　　答案 A

　　15. Do you have any _______ the sentence ？

　　A. difficulty to understand B. difficulty in understanding

　　C. difficulties at understanding D. difficulties to understand

　　have any difficulty in doing sth.

　　答案 B

　　16. “If you'd been here ten minutes earlier， you could have seen the doctor.”

　　“But I couldn't help ______. Traffic was heavy.”

　　A. to be late B. being late C. that I am late D. lateness

　　答案 B

　　17. “How do you like your apartment？”

　　“Not very well. We are considering ________ our lease.”

　　A. not to renew B. to not renew

　　C. not renewing D. renewing not

　　consider doing sth.

　　lease 租约、租契

　　答案 C

　　18. “Jane hates to do her homework.”

　　“That's natural！ No one ________ it.”

　　A. really enjoys doing B. really is enjoying to do

　　C. enjoys to do it really D. really enjoys to do

　　enjoy doing sth.

　　really 放在实义动词前系动词后

　　答案 A

　　19. Eric regretted _________ the earlier flight.

　　A. not to take B. to have not taken

　　C. not having taken D. he would not take

　　（Eric regretted not taking the earlier flight.）

　　答案 C

　　20. “I'm very tired.”

　　“We really should stop _______ and go to bed.”

　　A. to study B. studying C. of studying D. from studying

　　答案 B

　　21. I was lucky that the cars stopped _______ the dog.

　　A. avoided B. to avoid C. avoiding D. to avoiding

　　答案 B

　　22. They will be as tall as you soon， if they ______.

　　A. would help growing like that B. keep to grow like it

　　C. keep growing like that D. will keep growing like that

　　答案 C

　　（二）动名词

　　在句子中可以作主语、表语、定语、宾语。考生应特别注意有些动词。如mind， enjoy， avoid后面作宾语的只能是动名词，而有些只能是不定式，有些如remember， forget， stop 既可接动名词又可接不定式，但意义有差别。

　　1.Would you mind ________ a little less noise？

　　A. to make B. make C. making D. to have made

　　（答案 C）

　　2.I remember ________ her at a party last weekend.

　　A. to meet B. meeting C. having met D. to have

　　met（答案 B）

　　3.You must remember _________ back the umbrella tomorrow.

　　A. to bring B. bringing C. having brought D. to have

　　brought（答案 A）

　　（三）分词

　　1.现在分词与过去分词的区别

　　现在分词表示主动或表示动作正在进行。

　　China is a developing country.

　　His words made me thinking a lot.

　　过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成。

　　The United States is a developed country.

　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.

　　2.分词的用法

　　分词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。

　　Who is the woman standing by the door？（定语）

　　The girl dressed in white is my sister.（定语）

　　A letter posted today will probably reach in the day after towmorrow.（定语）

　　The theory sounds quite convincing. （表语 物作主语表语是ing的形式，人作表语分词用ed的形式。）

　　She seemed quite delighted at the idea. （表语）

　　Working in this way， they greatly reduced the cost.（状语）

　　Not even pausing to put on the coat， I ran out of the door.（状语）

　　Built in Ming Dynasty， the bridge is over 800 years old.（状语）

　　Do you see a boy running towards us？（宾语补足语）

　　（感官动词如：see， hear， feel， watch 后可跟动名词，也可跟不定式，但意思有区别。Do you see a boy run towards us？ ）

　　You'd better have your shoes mended.（宾语补足语，have sth. done 让别人作某事）

　　If students are caught cheating in exams， they will be kicked out of school. （宾语补足语，（kick sb. out of sth.： 驱赶某人。They knocked him out （of the club） for fighting. ）

　　实义动词have后面可以接三种形式作宾语补足语：现在分词，过去分词，省略to的不定式。

　　have接现在分词（表示持续的动作）

　　The hunters had the fire burning all the night in the woods.

　　have接过去分词（表示被动）

　　My mother had her hair cut as soon as she finished her work.

　　Liping had two of his teeth knocked out in the fight at school.

　　have接省略to的不定式（表示“让某人干某事”）。

　　The teacher always has us recite texts.

　　3.分词作状语

　　与谓语动词相比，作状语的分词表示的都是比较次要的动作。它可以表示时间、条件和原因，也可以说明谓语动作发生的背景，描述谓语动作的状况或伴随谓语动作发生的情况。

　　They sat facing each other.（伴随）

　　She left the hall still weeping.（伴随）

　　Insisting that we were not tired ， we urged him to go on.（urge要求，让）

　　分词变否定，在分词前加not.

　　Not knowing his address， we couldn't get in touch with him.（get in touch with sb.和某人保持联系，原因）

　　Seeing those pictures， I couldn't help thinking of the days we spent together. （时间）

　　Absorbed in the work， he neglected food and sleep. （背景）

　　He soon fell asleep， exhausted by the journey.（原因）

　　Seen from the hill， the city looks magnificent. （条件）

　　分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，逻辑主语无需表达出来。当两者不一致时，分词的逻辑主语应明确表达出来。

　　She rushed into the room， her face covered with sweat.

　　Weather permitting， we'll have a picnic tomorrow.

　　Her eyes dimmed with tears， she did not see her mother enter.（dim 模糊）

　　All things considered， her paper is of greater value than yours.

　　（be of value=be valuable）

　　4. 现在分词的完成式与被动式

　　当分词表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前时，分词应用完成式。构成：having +过去分词。

　　Having finished his homework， the boy began to watch TV.

　　Not having made adequate preparations， they thought it better to postpone the work till next week.

　　The guest having left， they continued their discussion.

　　在表示被动的含义时，如果该动作此刻正在进行，或与谓语表示的动作同时发生，就要用现在分词的被动形式。构成：being+过去分词。

　　The building being repaired is our library.

　　You'll find the topic being talked about everywhere.

　　过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以表示被动，试比较下面两例，看一看两者之间的区别。

　　Do you know anything about the meeting being held in Beijing？（会议正在进行）

　　Do you know anything about the meeting held in Beiing？（会议已经结束）

　　现在分词被动式表示正在干什么，过去分词被动式表示已经发生的事。

　　（三）分词

　　1. When I returned home， I found the window open and a number of things _____.

　　A. to steal B. stealing C. stolen D. missed

　　东西用miss要用现在分词。

　　答案 C

　　2. Not too many years ago， it was an ______ experience to travel 25 or 50 miles from home.

　　A. excited B. exciting C. excitement D. excitingly

　　答案 B

　　3. Some of the guests _______ to the party were from other cities.

　　A. to invite B. invited C. being invited D. had been invited

　　invite sb.邀请别人

　　答案 B

　　4. The telephone was invented in 1876 by a man _______ Alexander Graham Bell.

　　A. named B. naming C. that names D. who named

　　D的正确答案为：who was named）

　　答案 A

　　5. ________ the room， the teacher laid the instrument on the device.

　　A. Entering B. To enter C. Having entered D. Having been entered

　　答案 C

　　6. _______ the street， he was knocked down by a car.

　　A. While crossing B. While crossed

　　C. Being crossing D. Being crossed

　　答案 A

　　7. The doctor soon made the _______ patient feel at ease.

　　A. worried B. worrying C. worry D. worries

　　答案 A

　　8. He spoke clearly in order to _______.

　　A. make him understanding B. make him understand

　　C. make himself understood D. make himself understand

　　答案 C

　　9. I am ______ to hear that a man of your age and with such good sense should talk in this way.

　　A. astonish B. astonishing C. astonished D. to astonish

　　答案 C

　　10. The cinema， _______ last month， is very popular， especially among the young people in the town.

　　A. opened B. to open C. opens D. having opened

　　D的正确答案为having been opened

　　答案 A

　　11. I wrote a letter to my parents， ________ them that I would spend the New Year's Day with them.

　　A. telling B. told C. to be told D. be told

　　答案 A

　　12. The musician， ________ for his splendid speech， was warmly received by the students.

　　A. known B. being known C. knowing D. having known

　　答案 A

　　13. The guests were _______ in the front rows ________ to the president attentively.

　　A. seating ； listened B. seating ； listening

　　C. seated ； listened D. seated ； listening

　　seat： v. 用于被动语态。be seated： 使某人就坐。

　　答案 D

　　14. “What exactly did you see， Miss Garner？”

　　“Well， I saw ________.”

　　A. a bank being robbed with two men B. robbing a bank two men C. two men robbing a bank D. two men who rob a bank

　　D的正确答案为：two men who robbed a bank

　　答案 C

　　15. Would you be _______ by the idea of going to Greece？

　　A. exciting B. excited C. excitable D. excitedly

　　excitable： 易兴奋的，易激动的。 an excitable child 一个易兴奋的孩子；an excitable race of people 一个易冲动的民族。

　　答案 A

　　16. “Why did you leave the meeting early？”

　　“I found the discussion ________.”

　　A. boring B. bored C. bore D. boredom

　　B的正确答案：I'm bored.

　　boredom n.厌烦

　　答案 A

　　17. Is there anything you want from town？ I am going to get _______.

　　A. these letters mailed B. mailed letters

　　C. to mail those letters D. those letters mail

　　get=have

　　have sth. done 让别人做某事

　　答案 A

　　18. Returning to my apartment _______.

　　A. my watch was missing B. I found my watch disappeared

　　C. I found my watch missing D. the watch was missed

　　答案 C

　　19. Whistling merry tune， ___________.

　　A. the Tire was fixed B. the tire was fixed by Jack

　　C. Jack fixed the tire D. Jack was fixed with the tire

　　答案 C

　　20. His Health failing， _______ in 1782.

　　A.so Henry Lee went on leave from the army

　　B.the army gave Henry Lee leave

　　C.when the army gave Henry Lee leave

　　D.Henry Lee went on leave from the army

　　go on leave 休假

　　答案 D

　　21. Weather _______， the picnic will be held as scheduled.

　　A. permits B. permitting C. will permit D. should permit

　　答案 B

　　22. ______ left before the deadline， it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job.

　　A. Although such a short time B. It is such a short

　　C. With so short time D. With such a short time

　　C的正确答案为：with so short the time

　　答案 D

　　（三）分词

　　考试重点：考生应特别注意现在分词与过去分词的区别，区别这两类分词的标准主要有两点：

　　（1）看动词所表示的动作是主动的还是被动的，主动的用现在分词，反之用过去分词。

　　（2）看动作是正在进行还是已经完成，动作正在进行用现在分词，动作已经完成用过去分词。如：

　　1.She found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and ________ very worried.

　　A. look B. to look C. looks D. looking

　　（答案 D）

　　2.Water ________ into vapor by the sun falls as rain.

　　A. turns B. turned C. turning D. is turned（答案 B）

　　3.China is a _______ country while the U.S. is a _________ country.

　　A. developed ； developed B. developing ； developed

　　C. developing ； developing D. developed ； developing

　　（答案 B）

　　七、虚拟语气

　　虚拟语气主要表示假想虚拟的情况以及主观愿望、建议、命令等。

　　（一）虚拟语气的基本用法

　　1.在含if引导的条件句的复合句中

　　如果假设的情况不可能发生或发生的可能性不大，则主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气在不同语态中的表现形式如下：

　　1）一般现在时

　　从句：过去式（be 动词多用were）

　　主句：would / could / might +动词原形

　　如：I would certainly go if I had time.

　　If it weren't raining， we wouldn't stay at home.

　　2）一般过去时

　　从句：had +过去分词

　　主句：would / could / might + have 过去分词

　　如：She would have come if she hadn't been so busy.

　　You wouldn't have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.

　　3）一般将来时

　　从句：过去时，或were to / should +动词原形

　　主句：would / should +动词原形

　　如：If I were to （should） do it， I would do it in a different way.

　　We wouldn't lose courage if we should （were to） fail again.

　　有时从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，谓语形式要根据具体的时间来调整。

　　If you had followed the doctor's advice， you wouldn't be in hospital now.

　　If I had spoken to him yesterday， I should know what to do now.

　　有时候假设的情况通过介词短语、上下文等来表示，这时句子仍然要用虚拟语气。

　　But for the storm， we should have arrived earlier.

　　I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have attended the meeting.

　　I would have written before， but I have been ill.

　　She would have cried， but that he would laugh.（But that ： 要不是）

　　条件从句中如果含有助动词be， have， should， 可以将if省略，把这些词放到主语的前面。

　　Had we made preparations， we might have succeeded.

　　Should there be a storm， what should we do？

　　Had they time， they would certainly come and help her.

　　2.在as if， as though引导的从句中

　　as if， as though引导的从句，如果表示的情况与现实不符，从句需用虚拟语气。表示现在的情况，谓语常用过去式，表示过去的情况，谓语常用“had +过去分词”。如：

　　I remember the whole thing as if （as though） it happened （were） yesterday.

　　He spoke to me as if I were deaf.

　　It seems as if it was summer today.

　　It seemed as if winter had come

　　3.在wish后面的宾语从句中

　　从句如果表示的是现在的情况，谓语一般用过去式，如果表示的是过去的情况，谓语用“had +过去分词”。如：

　　I wish I were as strong as you.

　　Many children wish they could see the Monkey King.

　　He wishes he had studied economy instead of mathematics when he was at college.

　　4.在It is time （that） 后面的从句中

　　从句的谓语常用过去式。如：

　　It is time we made a decision.我们该做决定了。

　　It is about time you went to school.你早该睡觉了。

　　It is hight time that he prepared for the coming examination.他早该为考试做准备了。

　　5.在suggest， propose， advise， recommend， order， demand， request， desire， insist （坚决主张）等后面的宾语从句，suggestion， proposal， advice， order等后面的表语和同位语从句，以及It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed / ordered 等后面的主语从句中，从句的谓语要用“should +动词原形”（should可以省略）。如：

　　I suggest we set off at once.（set off 出发）

　　My suggestion is that we （should） tell her.

　　Our only request is that this （should） be settled as soon as possible.

　　The doctor insists that he give up smoking.

　　She desires that her husband do it.

　　It is desired that he should get everything ready by tomorrow.

　　What do you think of his proposal that a committee be set up to look into the matter？

　　It was ordered that they leave the city within three days.

　　6.在It is necessary， It is important， It is essential， It is strange 等后面的主语从句中，谓语用“should + 动词原形”（should可以省略）。如：

　　It is necessary that every student recite these new words.

　　It is important that a scientist （should） keep up with the latest development in his field.（keep up with 跟上、赶上）

　　It is strange that she （should ） have failed in the exam.

　　7.以lest（以免）， for fear that（以免） 和in case（以免）引起的从句（谓语多用should加动词原形构成）

　　He took his umbrella lest it should rain.

　　He put his coat over his son for fear that （lest） he should catch cold.

　　Bring some money in case you should need it.

　　（一）虚拟语气的基本用法

　　1.要掌握虚拟语气if条件从句和主句分别的结构。

　　2.特殊情况。

　　1. He went on foot， but he _______ by bus.

　　A. might gone B. should gone

　　C. should have gone D. ought have gone

　　答案 C

　　2. You shouldn't have run across the road without looking round， you ______ by a car.

　　A. might be knocked down B. might have been knocked down

　　C. might knock down D. might be knocking down

　　答案 B

　　3. Why is the rubbish still here？ It ought to _______ yesterday.

　　A. be thrown away B. have thrown away

　　C. have been thrown away D. throw away

　　答案 C

　　4. If you had taken my advice， none of this ________.

　　A. would happen B. had happened

　　C. would have happened D. has happened

　　答案 C

　　5. Everything _______ if Albert hadn't called the fire department immediately after the fire broke out.

　　A. would destroy B. would be destroyed

　　C. would have destroyed D. would have been destroyed

　　broke out（break out） 爆发

　　答案 D

　　6. It's high time ________ about the traffic problem.

　　A. something was done B. everything is done

　　C. anything will be done D. nothing to be done

　　答案 A

　　7. It is necessary that we ________ have a good command of English at college.

　　A. must B. have to C. should D. ought to

　　答案 C

　　8. I _______ worry too much if I were you.

　　A. oughtn't B. mustn't C. needn't D. wouldn't

　　答案 D

　　9. If we _______ sooner， we might have got there.

　　A. started B. had started C. would have started D. start

　　答案 B

　　10. “The taxi only took ten minutes to get to the hotel.”

　　“______ you were coming today， I'd have met you at the airport.”

　　A. Have I known B. I have known C. Had I known D. I had known

　　答案 C

　　11. The business is risky. But _______ ， we would be rich.

　　A. should we succeed B. would we succeed

　　C. might we succeed D. could we succeed

　　答案 A

　　12. If you ________ that late movie last night， you wouldn't be sleepy.

　　A. haven't watched B. hadn't watched

　　C. didn't watch D. wouldn't have watched

　　答案 B

　　13. “John wants to see you today.”

　　“I would rather he ______ tomorrow than today.”

　　A. comes B. came C. should come D. has come

　　答案 B

　　14. I'd rather you _______ anything about it for the time being.

　　A. do B. didn't do C. don't D. didn't

　　答案 B

　　15. It's about time he _______ himself a wife and settled down.

　　A. finds B. found C. should find D. had found

　　答案 B

　　16. “I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”

　　“That's all right， but I wish he _______ buy one of his own.”

　　A. can B. may C. could D. will

　　答案 C

　　17. I wish I _______ to study mathematics years ago.

　　A. could start B. can start C. had started D. started

　　答案 C

　　18. It is desired that he _______ his plan.

　　A. carries out B. will carry out

　　C. carry out D. carried out

　　答案 C

　　19. Since her blood pressure is much higher than it should be， her doctor insists that she _______.

　　A. will not smoke B. should not smoke

　　C. not smoke D. Both B and C

　　答案 D

　　20. The police chief ordered that parking _______ on Main Street during the rush hour.

　　A. be prohibited B. be prohibiting

　　C. is prohibited D. was prohibited

　　prohibit 禁止

　　答案 A

　　21. The mother rejected my suggestion that she _______ her daughter the next week.

　　A. would meet B. shall meet C. meet D. met

　　答案 C

　　22. The housemaster requested that we ______ television on week nights.

　　A. not watch B. shouldn't watch C. didn't watch D. both A and B

　　答案 D

　　23. Some days go by much more quickly than others. Some hours seem as if they _____.

　　A. will never end B. would never end

　　C. have never ended D. had never ended

　　答案 B

　　24. “You finally made it， didn't you？”

　　“Yes， _______ your help， I would have not succeeded.”

　　A. but that B. but for C. but if D. thanks to

　　but for 接名词跟虚拟语气

　　答案 B

　　25. It's high time the child _______ how to behave properly.

　　A. learns B. learning C. to learn D. learned

　　答案 D

　　26. I wish that the weather ________ not so warm.

　　A. had B. be C. were D. is

　　答案 C

　　虚拟语气的表现形式主要有两种。一种是改变时态，主要用于带if条件句的句子、as if 从句、wish后面的从句、It is time后面的从句。如：

　　1.If I were you， I would take the job.

　　2.If I had come yesterday， I would have gone for the picnic with you.

　　3.In spite of the noise， he went on working as if nothing were happening.

　　4.Mary wishes that she ________ law instead of history when she was in college.

　　A. study B. studied C. has studied D. had studied（答案 D）

　　5.It is high time _________ about the traffic problem

　　A. something was done B. everything is done

　　C. anything will be done D. nothing to be done

　　（答案 A）

　　虚拟语气的另一种表现形式是谓语用“should + 动词原形（should可以省略）”。常见于suggest， propose， order， insist 等词后面的宾语从句，It is suggested that … 等主语从句，以及suggestion， order， proposal等词后面的表语从句、同位语从句。如：

　　1.I suggest that she （should） be sent to hospital as soon as possible.

　　2.It is suggested that ________ a while before we make a decision.

　　A. she waited B. she wait C. she waits D. she will wait

　　（答案 B）

　　3.He made the proposal that the dispute be settled by peaceful means.