2015年12月英语四级考试模拟试卷（二）
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Directions：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.
57、阅读下文，回答57-66题
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
U. S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan appealed Friday for a new generation of extraordinary teachers，calling education the civil rights cause of our time. Duncan told about 100 prospective（未来的）teachers at the University of Virginia that veterans，retirees and professionals seeking a second career must pay attention to the call to teach. He said the need is especially acute for black men in the nation’s classrooms.
The Virginia address is the first of several Duncan will make in October to press for bright candidates to enter teaching. He’ll host a virtual town meeting with teachers from around the nation oil Oct. 20，then deliver a major address on teacher preparation two days later in New York City.
Duncan stressed the importance of teaching as the U. S. competes with an increasingly educated global work force，saying strong education is needed to reduce dropout rates among African-American，Latino and low-income students. “I believe that education is the civil rights issue of our generation，”Duncan said. “If you care about promoting opportunity and reducing inequality and social injustice，the classroom is the place to start. ”
Duncan noted that the next four years alone could see one-third of the nation’s teachers and administrators leave. The departure of veteran educators will create huge demand for new teachers--200，000 annually in good economic times，he said.
Duncan stressed that the demand for teachers is greatest amon9“high-poverty，high-needs” and rural schools, as well as in subjects such as math and science. “It is especially troubling，”he added，“that less than 2 percent of our nation’s teachers are African-American males. ”
Duncan said the way to bring more young black men into the teaching profession is to make sure that they continue their studies and don’t drop out at the high rates they do IIOW. “0ur African male dropout rate is too high. If you’re dropping out of high school you can’t be a teacher,” he said.
Duncan said the nation cannot rely alone oil schools of education to produce the next generation of teachers. He called for expanding alternatives such as Teach for America which recruits recent college graduates to teach in schools in poor communities for at least two years.
Duncan made the Virginia address so as to highlight __________.
A．the nation’s need for excellent teachers
B．the nation’s need for black people in classrooms
C．the need of those who seek a second career
D．the need of those who are prepared to be teachers
58、 The dropout rates among African-American and Latino students must be reduced so that __________.
A．the country can get rid of poverty
B．the country can be more competitive
C．racial bias can be eliminated in the country
D．social injustice can be avoided
59、 New teachers will be in great need in the next four years most probably because __________.
A．the economy is expected to flourish
B．the number of students is increasing
C．many senior teachers will retire
D．education will be highly valued
60、 According to the passage，only few African-American males __________
A．respect teachers
B．understand teachers
C．are determined to be teachers
D．are qualified to be teachers
61、 In order to meet the demand for teachers. Duncan suggests that __________..
A．recent college graduates can be teacher candidates
B．experienced teachers should be in longer service
C．schools of education should enroll more students
D．more schools of education should be established
62、阅读下文，回答62-71题
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Most of us are neither pilots nor astronauts. We are not trained to steer large hulks of steel and gasoline while manipulating small computers. So there’s something blindingly obvious about the risks of texting while driving. Yet research is beginning to show that driving while simply talking on a cell phone—including using hands-free technology--can prove dangerous，even deadly.
In late July，the Center for Auto Safety released hundreds of pages of a study that identified the cell phone as a serious safety hazard when used on the road. And though it’s impossible to accurately calculate how many car accidents nationwide are cell phone related, David Strayer, a psychology professor at the University of Utah，estimates that only 2％of people are able to safely multitask while driving.
Strayer, who for more than a decade has been studying the effects driving and cell-phone use have on the brain，says those 296 are probably the same people who would be really good fighter pilots. Rarities. Some of Strayer's other findings show that most drivers tend to stare straight ahead while using a cell phone and are less influenced by peripheral vision（周边视觉）. In other words，“cell phones，”he says，“make you blind to your own bad driving. ’’
And even though the common assumption is that hands—free technology has reduced the more dangerous side effects of cell-phone use，a series of tests conducted by Strayer seems to indicate the opposite. A passenger acted as another set of eyes for the driver in the test and even stopped or started talking depending on the difficulty of conditions outside the car. Meanwhile，half the drivers talking on a hands-free phone failed，bypassing（绕过）the rest area the test had called for them to stop at.
Part of the problem may be that when people direct their attention to sound，the visual capacity of their brain decreases，says Steven Yantis，a professor of psychological and brain sciences at Johns Hopkins University. It can be as if a driver is seeing the image in her head of the person she is talking to，there by decreasing her ability to see what’s actually in front of her.
The passage is intended for emphasizing the safety issue on __________.
A．working on computers
B．traveling in space
C．using a cell phone
D．driving a ear
63、 According to David Strayer, a good fighter pilot must be good at __________.
A．driving fast ears safely
B．doing many tasks at the same time
C．steering huge machines
D．identifying risks of the surroundings
64、 As it is mentioned in the passage，the drivers talking on the cell phone tend to __________.
A．be blind to the things straight ahead
B．be aware of their bad driving habits
C．ignore the items on both sides
D．be influenced by peripheral vision
65、 In Strayer's tests, the drivers were required to __________.
A．stop at a certain rest area
B．by pass a certain rest area
C．be aware of the dangerous side effects of cell-phone use
D．stop talking to the passenger under difficult conditions
66、 Steven Yantis is most likely to agree that __________.
A．sound can weaken people’s eye sight
B．sound call distract people from vision
C．sound is necessary for the formation of visual image
D．sound is incompatible with visual ability of the brain.
57、阅读下文，回答57-66题
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
U. S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan appealed Friday for a new generation of extraordinary teachers，calling education the civil rights cause of our time. Duncan told about 100 prospective（未来的）teachers at the University of Virginia that veterans，retirees and professionals seeking a second career must pay attention to the call to teach. He said the need is especially acute for black men in the nation’s classrooms.
The Virginia address is the first of several Duncan will make in October to press for bright candidates to enter teaching. He’ll host a virtual town meeting with teachers from around the nation oil Oct. 20，then deliver a major address on teacher preparation two days later in New York City.
Duncan stressed the importance of teaching as the U. S. competes with an increasingly educated global work force，saying strong education is needed to reduce dropout rates among African-American，Latino and low-income students. “I believe that education is the civil rights issue of our generation，”Duncan said. “If you care about promoting opportunity and reducing inequality and social injustice，the classroom is the place to start. ”
Duncan noted that the next four years alone could see one-third of the nation’s teachers and administrators leave. The departure of veteran educators will create huge demand for new teachers--200，000 annually in good economic times，he said.
Duncan stressed that the demand for teachers is greatest amon9“high-poverty，high-needs” and rural schools, as well as in subjects such as math and science. “It is especially troubling，”he added，“that less than 2 percent of our nation’s teachers are African-American males. ”
Duncan said the way to bring more young black men into the teaching profession is to make sure that they continue their studies and don’t drop out at the high rates they do IIOW. “0ur African male dropout rate is too high. If you’re dropping out of high school you can’t be a teacher,” he said.
Duncan said the nation cannot rely alone oil schools of education to produce the next generation of teachers. He called for expanding alternatives such as Teach for America which recruits recent college graduates to teach in schools in poor communities for at least two years.
Duncan made the Virginia address so as to highlight __________.
A．the nation’s need for excellent teachers
B．the nation’s need for black people in classrooms
C．the need of those who seek a second career
D．the need of those who are prepared to be teachers
58、 The dropout rates among African-American and Latino students must be reduced so that __________.
A．the country can get rid of poverty
B．the country can be more competitive
C．racial bias can be eliminated in the country
D．social injustice can be avoided
59、 New teachers will be in great need in the next four years most probably because __________.
A．the economy is expected to flourish
B．the number of students is increasing
C．many senior teachers will retire
D．education will be highly valued
60、 According to the passage，only few African-American males __________
A．respect teachers
B．understand teachers
C．are determined to be teachers
D．are qualified to be teachers
61、 In order to meet the demand for teachers. Duncan suggests that __________..
A．recent college graduates can be teacher candidates
B．experienced teachers should be in longer service
C．schools of education should enroll more students
D．more schools of education should be established
62、阅读下文，回答62-71题
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Most of us are neither pilots nor astronauts. We are not trained to steer large hulks of steel and gasoline while manipulating small computers. So there’s something blindingly obvious about the risks of texting while driving. Yet research is beginning to show that driving while simply talking on a cell phone—including using hands-free technology--can prove dangerous，even deadly.
In late July，the Center for Auto Safety released hundreds of pages of a study that identified the cell phone as a serious safety hazard when used on the road. And though it’s impossible to accurately calculate how many car accidents nationwide are cell phone related, David Strayer, a psychology professor at the University of Utah，estimates that only 2％of people are able to safely multitask while driving.
Strayer, who for more than a decade has been studying the effects driving and cell-phone use have on the brain，says those 296 are probably the same people who would be really good fighter pilots. Rarities. Some of Strayer's other findings show that most drivers tend to stare straight ahead while using a cell phone and are less influenced by peripheral vision（周边视觉）. In other words，“cell phones，”he says，“make you blind to your own bad driving. ’’
And even though the common assumption is that hands—free technology has reduced the more dangerous side effects of cell-phone use，a series of tests conducted by Strayer seems to indicate the opposite. A passenger acted as another set of eyes for the driver in the test and even stopped or started talking depending on the difficulty of conditions outside the car. Meanwhile，half the drivers talking on a hands-free phone failed，bypassing（绕过）the rest area the test had called for them to stop at.
Part of the problem may be that when people direct their attention to sound，the visual capacity of their brain decreases，says Steven Yantis，a professor of psychological and brain sciences at Johns Hopkins University. It can be as if a driver is seeing the image in her head of the person she is talking to，there by decreasing her ability to see what’s actually in front of her.
The passage is intended for emphasizing the safety issue on __________.
A．working on computers
B．traveling in space
C．using a cell phone
D．driving a ear
63、 According to David Strayer, a good fighter pilot must be good at __________.
A．driving fast ears safely
B．doing many tasks at the same time
C．steering huge machines
D．identifying risks of the surroundings
64、 As it is mentioned in the passage，the drivers talking on the cell phone tend to __________.
A．be blind to the things straight ahead
B．be aware of their bad driving habits
C．ignore the items on both sides
D．be influenced by peripheral vision
65、 In Strayer's tests, the drivers were required to __________.
A．stop at a certain rest area
B．by pass a certain rest area
C．be aware of the dangerous side effects of cell-phone use
D．stop talking to the passenger under difficult conditions
66、 Steven Yantis is most likely to agree that __________.
A．sound can weaken people’s eye sight
B．sound call distract people from vision
C．sound is necessary for the formation of visual image
D．sound is incompatible with visual ability of the brain.
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