快速阅读1
1. 根据下列选项，回答2-11题：
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．, B．, C．and D．. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
The "Lost" Great Wall of China
A forgotten section of the Great Wall of China has been discovered deep in the Gobi Desert--and outside of China--researchers say.
With the help of Google Earth, an international expedition documented the ancient wall for roughly 100 kilometers (62 miles) in a restricted border zone in southern Mongolia in August 2011.
The defensive barrier formed part of the Great Wail system built by successive Chinese dynasties to repel Mongol invaders from the north, according to findings published in the March issue of the Chinese edition of National Geographic magazine. (The National Geographic Society is responsible for both the magazine and Nationai Geographic News.)
Preserved to a height of 9 feet (2.75 meters) in places, the desert discovery belongs to a sequence of remnant( 遗留的 ) walls in Mongolia collectively known as the Wall of Genghis Khan, said expedition leader and Great Wall researcher William Lindesay.
Named after the founder of the Mongol Empire, the Wall of Genghis Khan usually survives only as "a faint trace," Lindesay said in an email.
But "we found a 'real wail', standing high and existing as a dominant landscape feature," he said.
What's more, it wasn't the work of Genghis Khan or his heirs but actually a long-lost segment of the Great Wall of China network, the team's findings suggest.
First to Investigate New Great Wall?
Close to China in the border region of omnogovi Province, the ancient structure hadn't been scientifically explored or studied before, said Lindesay, director of the International Friends of the Great Wall conservation group, based in Beijing, China.
"We're the first to investigate the ruins," he said.
"According to the army officers who minded us, we were the first outsiders to be allowed into the area,"
Lindesay added. "We assumed various local Mongolians had been to the area, but had not considered the structure of much interest."
At times seeking out topographic clues seen in Google Earth--the wall is visible on satellite images—the team located two well preserved but contrasting stretches of wall. One section had been made mainly with wet mud and a woody desert shrub(灌木)called saxaul(梭梭树)， the other from blocks of black volcanic rock.
Along its vast length, Lindesay suspects, the wall originally stood at least 2 meters (6.5 feet) taller than it does today.
"What we found was just the last remaining piece of a ' fossil'--the skull or the large thighbone, with the rest missing," he said.
"One can expect the wall was both much higher and continuous for vast distances."
That dark basaltic rock(玄武岩)seems to have been an obvious choice for the second stretch，which crosses the rugged(崎岖的)remains of extinct volcanoes．
The clean，straight edges to the blocks indicate that the stone was quarried(开采)，which would have required a large，organized work．force and an efficient transport system，the team said．
Rewriting History
Ancient Mongolian texts suggest that the so-called Wall of Genghis Khan was built as an animal fence by Khan's son Ogedei to keep wild gazelle (羚羊) on his land.
But the recently explored Gobi Desert wall segment isn't in a region where large herds of gazelle occur.
"There would be no reason to build an animal wall in the Gobi," said anthropologist (人类学家) and Mongolia historian Jack Weathefford, formerly of Macalester College, Minnesota.
Chinese researchers, perhaps not surprisingly, have speculated that China's Han dynasty had erected these little-studied stretches in about 115 B.C.
But radiocarbon (放射性碳) dating of partly exposed wood and rope remains extracted from the wall indicates that the saxaul-segment construction occurred about a thousand years later than thought, from A.D. 1040 to 1160.
Those dates hint that the Western Xia dynasty built the walls--or at least rebuilt old Han walls on the sites.
Holding Back the Mongol Tide
This northwestern Chinese dynasty isn't known to have contributed to the Great Wall system, but in at least one aspect, a Western Xia origin makes sense.
During the Western Xia period, Mongol tribes were rising in strength and making forays ( 侵略 ) south,
Lindesay noted.
"If one imagines the wall as a platform, with some kind of battlement--perhaps of wooden stakes, functioning as a shield to those manning its top---then it would have been an effective defense installation ( 防护驻地)," he said.
But, mysteriously, the expedition team found no pottery, no trash, no coins, no weapons--nothing to prove the wall was ever actually manned. Nor did they find any of the watchtowers that mark surviving sections of the
Great Wall within China.
"The wall system was incomplete," Lindesay said. "It not only lacked the signaling capability to make smoke signals--it didn't appear to be capable of accommodating troops."
Unfinished Business
"I believe the wall here is only half built and that there was, for some reason, a rethink on locating the wall here," Lindesay said.
It isn't difficult to imagine how the purported (传说中的) Great Wall segment's harsh desert location might have led to the remote frontier defense being abandoned, he added.
Weatherford, the Minnesota-based anthropologist, agrees with Lindesay's conclusion that the newfound remains were Chinese constructions.
There's a good reason, Weatherford added, that the stretch nevertheless carries Genghis Khan's name.
Mongolians, he said, are sensitive to the idea of "Chinese structures built on their land", since it carries the
possible claim that the land was once Chinese.
"By calling it the Genghis Khan Wall, the name makes the place Mongolian and rejects foreign influence,"
Weatherford said.
He also describes the expedition new findings as"very important, because to my knowledge this wall has not been studied."
"I would risk saying that it is the largest human-made structure or artifact in all of Mongolia," he added. "It is amazing to me that it is not already much better analyzed."

According to this passage, the purpose of building the Great Wall system is to __________.
A．avoid the trouble of sending an army to defend the area
B．repel Mongol invaders from the north
C．indicate where the b. order line between Mongol and China is
D．rival with the Wall of Genghis Khan

2. 点击按钮开始播放听力音频

根据材料回答11-32题：

A) She has trouble getting along with the professor.
B) She knows that the professor has run into trouble.
C) She knows that the professor has been very busy this tenn.
D) She regrets having taken up much of the professor's time.
3. 阅读以下材料。完成 67～86 题填空题：


请在（67）处填上答案。

翻译题
4. The terrorist____________________(声称对此次爆炸负责)．

5. Paper--More than Meets the Eye
We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.
It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.
Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.
Paper from Wood
In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence
of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.
A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.
Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.
It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!
So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may
indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.
Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on,
the correct material then this is probably the only way.
Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.
Paper from Rag
Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to
purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.
A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.
The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.
阅读以上文章，回答{TSE}题

The corn-flake packet is cheaper than __
[A] high grade card
[B] middle grade card
[C] low grade card
[D] any grade card
6. Out of a random sample of drivers，21% __________(在前一年中出过交通事故)．
7. What factors should physicians consider in the medical research?

8.

9.

翻译
10. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to ________ （适应不同文化中的生活）.