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1. Directions : There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 22-21are based on the following passage.
For years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that it is just around the comer. The truth is that it may be just around the comer, but they haven't yet found the right clock.
Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to de- fine thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computers can now play very, very good chess. They can't beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a machine The answer is that the machine doesn't do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute-force (̵) search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the out- comes and picks the best.
Humans don't play chess that way. They see patterns, which computers don't.
This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no flexibility, no common sense. So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence, aim to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecastingThere may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do. The hallmark () of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one, computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.
From the passage we know that the author__________
Athinks that scientists are about to achieve artificial intelligence
Bdoubts whether scientists can ever achieve artificial intelligence
Cdoes not think that scientists have found real artificial intelligence
Dis sure that scientists have achieved artificial intelligenc
2. Children model themselves largely on their parents.
They do so mainly through identification. Children identify 67 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 68 of that parent. The things parents do and say and the 69 they do and say to them therefore strongly influence a child's 70 . However, parents must consistently behave like the type of 71 they want their child to become.
A parent's actions 72 affect the self-image that a child forms 73 identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 74 will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly 75 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 76 positive qualities in themselves. Children may 77 their self-image, however, as they become increasingly 78 by peers groups' standards before they grow up.
Isolated events, 79 dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 80 on a child's behavior. Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, for 81 , accept the divorce of their parents' or a parent's early 82 . But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events __83 a sign of rejection or punishment.
In the same way, all children are not influenced 84 by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. 85 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the effect of an activity or experience depends on how the child 86 it.Ķ£ش21-12
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3.


According to the first paragraph, without a refrigerator, the poor people have to suffer in their____________.

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AHe cannot finish his assignment before the deadlin
B He cannot get access to the assigned boo
C He has difficulty understanding the boo
D He has proved to be a better reader than the woma
5.
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D An acciden

6. __________ (ҿһλĵij⳵˾)Amyarrived at the test room in time

7. That is__________________(Ȥ֮һ)

8. I________________ (Чӡ) of the work done in the company.
9. Animals on the Move
It looked like a scene from Jaws but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.
Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.
Moving to Survive
In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.
Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.
Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.
Skin Is the Key
The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animals high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.
The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the bodys back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the sharks body snaps back the other way.
As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animals body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the w
10.
It is necessary that__________(ǰԤһ˫˼)