2013年英语四级考试每日一练(8月17日)
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1. Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel （67） the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other （68） of transport.
These （69） make it possible for boats to travel （70） ports along the coast without being （71） to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their （72） a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not （73） on the coast; still other canals （74） lands where there is too much water, help to （75） fields where there is not enough water, and （76） . water power for factories and mills. The size of a canal （77） on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to （78） each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water （79） the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first （80） through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was crises-crossed by a （81） of strange blue- green lines. These were called "canals" （82） they looked the same as canals on earth （83） are viewed from an airplane.
However, scientists are now （84） that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs （85） from space-ships have helped us to （86） the truth about the Martian "canals".
阅读以上短文，回答68-63题
请在 （67） 处填上答案。
A．off
B．with
C．to
D．by
2. 根据以下材料，回答63-9题：
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.???????
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.
Psychologists who study optimization ( 优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose frown, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and
remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a
position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct (简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating
student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Of he following steps__________ is the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.
A．listing the consequences of each solution
B．calculating a numerical summary of each solution
C．writing down all possible solutions
D．deciding which consequences are most important
翻译题
3. The sun gives off light and warmth，__________(这使得植物生长成为可能)．
4. Directions：In this part，you will have l5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet l．For questions l-7，choose the best answer from the four choices markedA，B，C and D．For questions 8-10，complete the sentences With the information given in the passage．
Indoor Pollution
Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of devastating effects of large—scale environmental pollution．Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the shortsighted，selfish policies of the already industrialized countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of its natural resources．
While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure，as do acts of environmental sabotage，it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale．A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home．The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbor not only caused serious damage to the harbor fore— shores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen．
Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job．Try not to inhale traffic fumes：keep away from chemical plants and building sites；wear a mask when cycling．It is enough to make you want to stay at home．But that，according to a growing body of scientific evidence，would also be a bad idea．Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases。particulate matter and other chemical nasties are usually higher indoors than out，even in the most polluted cities．Since the average American spends l 8 hours indoors for every hour outside．it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target．
The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia How- ard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing, machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air.
Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals,' most of them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. Dr. Corsi wondered whether they stay there when water is used, or whether they end up in the air that people breathe. The team conducted a series of experiments in which known quantities of five such chemicals were mixed with water and passed through a dishwasher, a washing machine, a s
5. Prices of daily necessities should be adjusted downward because__________(消费与收入不成比例)．
6. 根据以下材料回答{TSE}题：
请在（47）处填上答案。
7. Her success is not surprising ________________ (如果你考虑到她的不断努力的话).
8. What's the meaning of the word "contain" in Para. 9?
9. 选词填空试题正在更新中，答案解析已经更新
选词填空答案
47 C) require 48 G) painful 49 J) especially 50 K) enormous 51 H) mission
52 L) enhance 53 N) daily 54 F) performance 55 M) emotional 56 O) closer
写作
10. Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Behave Politely in Public．You should write at least l20 words following the outline given below．
1．在许多公共场合可以看到各种不文明现象
2．提倡文明之风的原因及其重要性
3．号召公众共同树立文明之风
1. Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel （67） the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other （68） of transport.
These （69） make it possible for boats to travel （70） ports along the coast without being （71） to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their （72） a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not （73） on the coast; still other canals （74） lands where there is too much water, help to （75） fields where there is not enough water, and （76） . water power for factories and mills. The size of a canal （77） on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to （78） each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water （79） the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first （80） through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was crises-crossed by a （81） of strange blue- green lines. These were called "canals" （82） they looked the same as canals on earth （83） are viewed from an airplane.
However, scientists are now （84） that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs （85） from space-ships have helped us to （86） the truth about the Martian "canals".
阅读以上短文，回答68-63题
请在 （67） 处填上答案。
A．off
B．with
C．to
D．by
2. 根据以下材料，回答63-9题：
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.???????
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.
Psychologists who study optimization ( 优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose frown, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and
remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a
position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct (简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating
student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Of he following steps__________ is the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.
A．listing the consequences of each solution
B．calculating a numerical summary of each solution
C．writing down all possible solutions
D．deciding which consequences are most important
翻译题
3. The sun gives off light and warmth，__________(这使得植物生长成为可能)．
4. Directions：In this part，you will have l5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet l．For questions l-7，choose the best answer from the four choices markedA，B，C and D．For questions 8-10，complete the sentences With the information given in the passage．
Indoor Pollution
Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of devastating effects of large—scale environmental pollution．Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the shortsighted，selfish policies of the already industrialized countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of its natural resources．
While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure，as do acts of environmental sabotage，it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale．A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home．The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbor not only caused serious damage to the harbor fore— shores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen．
Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job．Try not to inhale traffic fumes：keep away from chemical plants and building sites；wear a mask when cycling．It is enough to make you want to stay at home．But that，according to a growing body of scientific evidence，would also be a bad idea．Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases。particulate matter and other chemical nasties are usually higher indoors than out，even in the most polluted cities．Since the average American spends l 8 hours indoors for every hour outside．it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target．
The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia How- ard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing, machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air.
Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals,' most of them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. Dr. Corsi wondered whether they stay there when water is used, or whether they end up in the air that people breathe. The team conducted a series of experiments in which known quantities of five such chemicals were mixed with water and passed through a dishwasher, a washing machine, a s
5. Prices of daily necessities should be adjusted downward because__________(消费与收入不成比例)．
6. 根据以下材料回答{TSE}题：
请在（47）处填上答案。
7. Her success is not surprising ________________ (如果你考虑到她的不断努力的话).
8. What's the meaning of the word "contain" in Para. 9?
9. 选词填空试题正在更新中，答案解析已经更新
选词填空答案
47 C) require 48 G) painful 49 J) especially 50 K) enormous 51 H) mission
52 L) enhance 53 N) daily 54 F) performance 55 M) emotional 56 O) closer
写作
10. Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Behave Politely in Public．You should write at least l20 words following the outline given below．
1．在许多公共场合可以看到各种不文明现象
2．提倡文明之风的原因及其重要性
3．号召公众共同树立文明之风
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