2013年英语四级考试每日一练(8月18日)
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1. 根据下列材料，请回答1-1题
Healthy habits can help you live longer
Leda Beierle has lived through World War I and II, the Great Depression, Louisville's 1937 flood and 18 US presidents,
When she was born 100 years ago, the Titanic had yet to sink.
Beierle, who is mentally sharp and lives on her own, suspects that she's still around because of "good living, "which she describes as no smoking or drinking, and good luck.
"I can't complain," she said, shortly after her birthday earlier this month. "I haven't had any serious matter with me. "
Some people live long because they've essentially won the genetic lottery, said Brian Kennedy, an expert on aging who also happens to be Beierle's grandson.
"They chose the right parents," said Kennedy, president and chief executive officer of the California-based Buck Institute for Research on Aging.
But for the rest of us, health behaviors do matter, he and others say.
"It's like 30 percent genetics, 70 percent lifestyle," said Dr. Deborah Danner of the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Ky. " After you turn 80, it's more genetics than anything else,because if you make it to 80 and you don't have heart disease, hypertension ( 高血压 )—— all those kind of things—— you're very unlikely to get them. "
Last year, the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a study showing that people who practiced healthy habits lived longer than those who didn't. Those behaviors included eating healthfully, getting regular physical activity, keeping alcohol use moderate, and never smoking.
Dr. Roxanne Sukol, medical director of the Cleveland Clinic's Wellness Enterprise, tells people to place an emphasis on being active; making smart dietary choices such as avoiding trans fat; and managing stress.
"I think the most important choices that we make are at the intersection of those three aspects," said Sukol,who suggests shifting your diet away from packaged and processed foods. "Soda, potato chips, even granola bars...I don't eat anything that has 52 ingredients in the ingredient list. "
She also advocates a daily walk or other physical activity, such as yard work.
Kennedy suggests getting good-quality sleep and taking steps to slash excess calories.
Cutting back on red meat also might be helpful. In a study published online this month by the Archives of Internal Medicine, researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health found that regular consumption of red meat,especially processed meat, was associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Eating one serving a day of unprocessed red meat was associated with a 13 percent risk of mortality. Having a serving a day of processed meat, such as one hot dog or two slices of bacon, was associated with a 20 percent increased risk.
In a study published online this month by the Journal of the American Medical Association, people who met a half dozen or more recommended cardiovascular health measures had a lower risk of death than people who met a lot fewer ones. The factors or behaviors included being physically active, eating a healthy diet and not smoking.
Other factors included having normal blood pressure, blood sugar, total cholesterol (胆固醇 ．and weight.
Sukol strongly recommends not smoking.
Cigarette smoking "is associated with a number of serious illnesses, not the least of which is hardening of the arteries, and that affects your heart, your brain, your kidneys, everything," she said.
Positivity also may play a role in living longer.
Danner and colleagues analyzed the autobiographies of about 180 Catholic nuns, scoring them on emotional content. The autobiographies were written when the women were in their late teens and early 20s.
"Some were more positive than others," said Danner, director of education and outreach for the Alzheimer's Disease Center at Sanders-Brown. "They would have similar events, but some people would describe them as just matter-of-fact-‘ I was bore'-in contrast to ‘I was welcomed into this joyous world.' "
The study, which was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in May 2001, "found that the sisters who used more positive emotion words in those early writings lived 8 to 10 years longer," Danner said.
"If you're more positive, something bad can happen, but you're quickly able to work through it," she said.
"And as you do that, then it has less stress on your body's organs. "
Some of Beierle's relatives credit her positivity, in addition to good genes, with helping her to live to age 100.
Beierle, a mother of two, also stayed active for most of her life, doing things like swimming and award-winning bowling.
But Kennedy, 45, said many centenarians have not followed the health advice being preached today.
"If you ask centenarians when they were in their 50s what did they do, what you find is that they tended to be a little bit heavier than the average population, they were more likely to smoke, they did drink a little bit less, but that's even a bit surprising because moderate alcohol consumption is associated with longevity," he said.
"They weren't vegetarians. They didn't exercise. Nothing we tell people to do. But they're the exception, not the rule. "
Ultimately, Kennedy said, "You can take charge of your own aging. "
Beierle thinks she lives long because __________.
A．she exercises a lot
B．she doesn't take things seriously
C．she has a good lifestyle and good luck
D．she has good genetics
2. 76.
A．onto
B．around
C．into
D．upon
3. Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.
[A] social life provides an effective cure for illness
[B] being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life
[C] women benefit more than men from marriage
[D] marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
翻译题
4.
5. 根据以下资料，回答{TSE}题。
How did the author's grandmother and her siblings manage to receive Christmas gifts during the Depression?
A) They earned money to buy gifts for each other.
B) They made pretend presents with old things.
C) They started buying gifts in October.
D) They gave each other weird gifts.
6. Alice is a sensible person__________(从不做任何不合理的要求)．
7. A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims .
A．slowly through the water
B．rapidly through the water
C．against the current
D．at the fastest speed in water
8. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one's kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel
A．discouraged
B．hurt
C．puzzled
D．overwhelmed
9.
翻译
10.
1. 根据下列材料，请回答1-1题
Healthy habits can help you live longer
Leda Beierle has lived through World War I and II, the Great Depression, Louisville's 1937 flood and 18 US presidents,
When she was born 100 years ago, the Titanic had yet to sink.
Beierle, who is mentally sharp and lives on her own, suspects that she's still around because of "good living, "which she describes as no smoking or drinking, and good luck.
"I can't complain," she said, shortly after her birthday earlier this month. "I haven't had any serious matter with me. "
Some people live long because they've essentially won the genetic lottery, said Brian Kennedy, an expert on aging who also happens to be Beierle's grandson.
"They chose the right parents," said Kennedy, president and chief executive officer of the California-based Buck Institute for Research on Aging.
But for the rest of us, health behaviors do matter, he and others say.
"It's like 30 percent genetics, 70 percent lifestyle," said Dr. Deborah Danner of the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Ky. " After you turn 80, it's more genetics than anything else,because if you make it to 80 and you don't have heart disease, hypertension ( 高血压 )—— all those kind of things—— you're very unlikely to get them. "
Last year, the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a study showing that people who practiced healthy habits lived longer than those who didn't. Those behaviors included eating healthfully, getting regular physical activity, keeping alcohol use moderate, and never smoking.
Dr. Roxanne Sukol, medical director of the Cleveland Clinic's Wellness Enterprise, tells people to place an emphasis on being active; making smart dietary choices such as avoiding trans fat; and managing stress.
"I think the most important choices that we make are at the intersection of those three aspects," said Sukol,who suggests shifting your diet away from packaged and processed foods. "Soda, potato chips, even granola bars...I don't eat anything that has 52 ingredients in the ingredient list. "
She also advocates a daily walk or other physical activity, such as yard work.
Kennedy suggests getting good-quality sleep and taking steps to slash excess calories.
Cutting back on red meat also might be helpful. In a study published online this month by the Archives of Internal Medicine, researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health found that regular consumption of red meat,especially processed meat, was associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Eating one serving a day of unprocessed red meat was associated with a 13 percent risk of mortality. Having a serving a day of processed meat, such as one hot dog or two slices of bacon, was associated with a 20 percent increased risk.
In a study published online this month by the Journal of the American Medical Association, people who met a half dozen or more recommended cardiovascular health measures had a lower risk of death than people who met a lot fewer ones. The factors or behaviors included being physically active, eating a healthy diet and not smoking.
Other factors included having normal blood pressure, blood sugar, total cholesterol (胆固醇 ．and weight.
Sukol strongly recommends not smoking.
Cigarette smoking "is associated with a number of serious illnesses, not the least of which is hardening of the arteries, and that affects your heart, your brain, your kidneys, everything," she said.
Positivity also may play a role in living longer.
Danner and colleagues analyzed the autobiographies of about 180 Catholic nuns, scoring them on emotional content. The autobiographies were written when the women were in their late teens and early 20s.
"Some were more positive than others," said Danner, director of education and outreach for the Alzheimer's Disease Center at Sanders-Brown. "They would have similar events, but some people would describe them as just matter-of-fact-‘ I was bore'-in contrast to ‘I was welcomed into this joyous world.' "
The study, which was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in May 2001, "found that the sisters who used more positive emotion words in those early writings lived 8 to 10 years longer," Danner said.
"If you're more positive, something bad can happen, but you're quickly able to work through it," she said.
"And as you do that, then it has less stress on your body's organs. "
Some of Beierle's relatives credit her positivity, in addition to good genes, with helping her to live to age 100.
Beierle, a mother of two, also stayed active for most of her life, doing things like swimming and award-winning bowling.
But Kennedy, 45, said many centenarians have not followed the health advice being preached today.
"If you ask centenarians when they were in their 50s what did they do, what you find is that they tended to be a little bit heavier than the average population, they were more likely to smoke, they did drink a little bit less, but that's even a bit surprising because moderate alcohol consumption is associated with longevity," he said.
"They weren't vegetarians. They didn't exercise. Nothing we tell people to do. But they're the exception, not the rule. "
Ultimately, Kennedy said, "You can take charge of your own aging. "
Beierle thinks she lives long because __________.
A．she exercises a lot
B．she doesn't take things seriously
C．she has a good lifestyle and good luck
D．she has good genetics
2. 76.
A．onto
B．around
C．into
D．upon
3. Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.
[A] social life provides an effective cure for illness
[B] being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life
[C] women benefit more than men from marriage
[D] marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
翻译题
4.
5. 根据以下资料，回答{TSE}题。
How did the author's grandmother and her siblings manage to receive Christmas gifts during the Depression?
A) They earned money to buy gifts for each other.
B) They made pretend presents with old things.
C) They started buying gifts in October.
D) They gave each other weird gifts.
6. Alice is a sensible person__________(从不做任何不合理的要求)．
7. A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims .
A．slowly through the water
B．rapidly through the water
C．against the current
D．at the fastest speed in water
8. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one's kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel
A．discouraged
B．hurt
C．puzzled
D．overwhelmed
9.
翻译
10.
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