2013年英语四级考试每日一练(10月18日)
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1. Directions : There are 20 Blanks in the following passage. For each Blank there are four choices marked A．, B．, C．and D．on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that Best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
The difference Between a liquid and a gas is oBvious 1 the conditions of temperature and pressure 2 found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can Be kept in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface But 3 to diffuse through- out the space availaBle; it must 4 Be kept in a. closed container, as in the 5 of a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories 6 the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory 7 that a liquid could Be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and 8 theory held that the two phases are made up of different kinds of molecules (分子). The theories now prevailing 9 a quite different approach By emphasizing 10 liquids and gases have in common. They are Both forms of matter that have no permanent structure, 11 they Both flow easily. They are fluids.
The 12 similarity of liquids and gases Becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. 13 a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or in other 14 , Becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. In 15 , the vapor aBove the liquid surface Becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are added 16 it. The comBination of temperature and pressure at. 17 the densities Become equal is 18 the critical point. ABove the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer Be 19 ; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of 20 density.
A．in
B．on
C．under
D．Beyond
2. 根据材料回答67-57题：
A) bicycle
B) recycle
C) circle
D) cycle
3. Questions 57-2based on the following passage.
To put it in a simpler way, the marketing concept is __________
翻译题
4. The newspaper did not mention________(火灾造成的损害的程度)．
5. Some，green．h0．u，se gases occur naturally in the atmosphere，while others__________(由人类的活动造成)．
6. The gid decided to drop out of the school__________________ (尽管她父母强烈反对)．
7.
8. Hardly had he finished his work__________(电话就响了)．
9. What he thought and did__________(与这个问题毫无关系)．
10. Google Closes In on DoubleClick Deal
Score one for Google. The Federal Trade Commission ruled Dec. 20 that it would not block Google's (GOOG) proposed $3.1 billion acquisition of leading online ad-serving and tracking firm DoubleClick. The 4-1 decision in Googie's favor marked a major win for the Web search Goliath, which is battling to expand its considerable share of the $30 billion online advertising market beyond tiny text ads related to Web queries.
But Google can't claim victory yet. The European Union's antitrust commission still needs to sign off on the merger before Google can begin incorporating DoubleClick into its business. That may not happen without Google agreeing to certain conditions, if at all. Already, the EU has raised concerns about its impact on consumer privacy. "This is round one of a two-round battle," says Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy (CDD), a nonprofit public interest group that opposed the merger. "The EU can kill the deal, there is no question about it."
The FTC said in its decision that it could only consider privacy concerns as they relate to marketplace competition. But it did issue a separate statement with some recommendations concerning online customer data collection and privacy.
The Personal Business of Ad Placement
Google has faced strong opposition to its online advertising ambitions since it announced plans to acquire DoubleClick in April (BusinessWeek.com, 4/14/07 ). Competitors for online ad dollars, such as Microsoft (MSFT), argue the merger will enable Google to effectively control the market. Ads placed beside Web search results account for more than 40% of the dollars spent online, and Google controls more than two-thirds of that market, according to eMarketer. Much of the remaining online ad dollars go to display ads, the poster-like banners--DoubleClick's forte--that run on most Web sites.
Online ads are priced based on how well they are matched to the target consumer. Google collects data on searches performed by individual computers, and DoubleClick records information about the computers that visit the Web pages in its network. The more data they collect, the better they can match a marketer's ad to a potentially interested customer, and the higher the premium they can charge on the ad.
But consumer groups see the issue another way: the more data collected, the higher the risk of violating someone's privacy. For the past eight months, groups voiced concerns to the FTC that a combined Google/DoubleClick would aggregate too much information about what Web surfers do online, putting consumers at risk. In the end, the majority of the commissioners decided DoubleClick does not control enough of the display-ad market to give Google an unfair monopoly.
"Competition among firms in this market is vigorous and will likely increase," the commission majority wrote in a statement.
Increased Competition
Recent announcements by Googie's chief competitors support this argument. On Dec. 19, Microsoft--one of the few to challenge Google's merger before the FTC--announced a $500 million, five-year advertising deal to place ads on Viaeom's (VIA) network of popular Websites, including MTV.com. Microsoft will also be able to sell ad space on Viacom pages that are not in a premium position, based on the data it has about visitors to Viacom's sites.
Microsoft also recently solidified multiyear advertising agreements with Facebook, the second most popular social.network in the U.S., after News Corp.'s (NWS) MySpace, and well-trafficked social news site Digg (BusinessWeek.com, 9/19/07 ). "When Microsoft comes into a room and talks about anticompetitive behavior and threats to privacy, no one can take them seriously," says the CDD's Chester.
It also didn't help Google opponents that many of the company's competitors recently struck agreements to buy ad networks themselves, similar to Google's proposed deal with DoubleClick. Microsoft bought DoubleClick competitor a Quantive for $6 billion in May (BusinessWeek.com, 5/18/07 ). Yahoo! (YHOO) and Time Waruer's (TWX) AOL also
scooped up ad-serving and targeting firms earlier this year. Meanwhile, independent players, such as Specific Media, have secured millions in funding to consolidate their operations with other smaller ad networks (Business Week.com, 11/1/07 ).
In a statement on Google's blog, Chief Legal Officer David Drummond applauded the ruling: "The FTC's decision publicly affirms what we and numerous independent analysts have been saying for months, our acquisition does not threaten competition in what is a robust, innovative, and quickly evolving online advertising space."
Privacy Violation?
But will it threaten Web users? The final answer may rest with the European Commission. In November the commission delayed a decision on the deal (BusinessWeek.com, 11/14/07 ), saying it was more complicated than many competition cases and demanded further review. The EC has until Apr. 2 to issue a ruling.
Privacy advocates worry that Google, combining its wealth of search data with the information DoubleClick collects on who visits clients' sites, would violate consumer privacy. The sheer volume of information that DoubleClick collects would make it easy for Google to understand nearly everything about what millions of individual consumers do on the Web, critics say.
G0ogle counters that DoubleClick clients own information about who visits their sites and what they do there. Many of those clients would consider it a violation of that agreement for Google to, say, sell car ads on its Gmail service to people who have recently visited an automotive site that uses DoubleClick. As a result, Google says, it can't simply fuse its data with DoubleClick's customer information. However, privacy groups argue that Google could easily encourage DoubleClick clients to relinquish their data in exchange for, say, free search ads.
The FTC did offer a ray of hope for privacy advocates. The commissioners issued several recommendations about behavioral targeting, where information about users' Web activity is used to tailor online ads. The FTC said sites should clearly notify users when they're collecting data on their actions, and that sites should limit the length of time they store that data to reduce the risk of it falling into the wrong hands.
The FTC said it plans to look into whether "heightened protections" are needed to safeguard consumer privacy online.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；{TSE}题在答题卡1上。
Why Google can't claim victory?
[A] Google doesn't agree to certain conditions.
[B] The European Union needs to sign off on the merge.
[C] Google has raised concerns about consumer privacy.
[D] Google can't begin incorporating DoubleClick into it's business.
1. Directions : There are 20 Blanks in the following passage. For each Blank there are four choices marked A．, B．, C．and D．on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that Best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
The difference Between a liquid and a gas is oBvious 1 the conditions of temperature and pressure 2 found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can Be kept in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface But 3 to diffuse through- out the space availaBle; it must 4 Be kept in a. closed container, as in the 5 of a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories 6 the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory 7 that a liquid could Be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and 8 theory held that the two phases are made up of different kinds of molecules (分子). The theories now prevailing 9 a quite different approach By emphasizing 10 liquids and gases have in common. They are Both forms of matter that have no permanent structure, 11 they Both flow easily. They are fluids.
The 12 similarity of liquids and gases Becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. 13 a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or in other 14 , Becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. In 15 , the vapor aBove the liquid surface Becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are added 16 it. The comBination of temperature and pressure at. 17 the densities Become equal is 18 the critical point. ABove the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer Be 19 ; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of 20 density.
A．in
B．on
C．under
D．Beyond
2. 根据材料回答67-57题：
A) bicycle
B) recycle
C) circle
D) cycle
3. Questions 57-2based on the following passage.
To put it in a simpler way, the marketing concept is __________
翻译题
4. The newspaper did not mention________(火灾造成的损害的程度)．
5. Some，green．h0．u，se gases occur naturally in the atmosphere，while others__________(由人类的活动造成)．
6. The gid decided to drop out of the school__________________ (尽管她父母强烈反对)．
7.
8. Hardly had he finished his work__________(电话就响了)．
9. What he thought and did__________(与这个问题毫无关系)．
10. Google Closes In on DoubleClick Deal
Score one for Google. The Federal Trade Commission ruled Dec. 20 that it would not block Google's (GOOG) proposed $3.1 billion acquisition of leading online ad-serving and tracking firm DoubleClick. The 4-1 decision in Googie's favor marked a major win for the Web search Goliath, which is battling to expand its considerable share of the $30 billion online advertising market beyond tiny text ads related to Web queries.
But Google can't claim victory yet. The European Union's antitrust commission still needs to sign off on the merger before Google can begin incorporating DoubleClick into its business. That may not happen without Google agreeing to certain conditions, if at all. Already, the EU has raised concerns about its impact on consumer privacy. "This is round one of a two-round battle," says Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy (CDD), a nonprofit public interest group that opposed the merger. "The EU can kill the deal, there is no question about it."
The FTC said in its decision that it could only consider privacy concerns as they relate to marketplace competition. But it did issue a separate statement with some recommendations concerning online customer data collection and privacy.
The Personal Business of Ad Placement
Google has faced strong opposition to its online advertising ambitions since it announced plans to acquire DoubleClick in April (BusinessWeek.com, 4/14/07 ). Competitors for online ad dollars, such as Microsoft (MSFT), argue the merger will enable Google to effectively control the market. Ads placed beside Web search results account for more than 40% of the dollars spent online, and Google controls more than two-thirds of that market, according to eMarketer. Much of the remaining online ad dollars go to display ads, the poster-like banners--DoubleClick's forte--that run on most Web sites.
Online ads are priced based on how well they are matched to the target consumer. Google collects data on searches performed by individual computers, and DoubleClick records information about the computers that visit the Web pages in its network. The more data they collect, the better they can match a marketer's ad to a potentially interested customer, and the higher the premium they can charge on the ad.
But consumer groups see the issue another way: the more data collected, the higher the risk of violating someone's privacy. For the past eight months, groups voiced concerns to the FTC that a combined Google/DoubleClick would aggregate too much information about what Web surfers do online, putting consumers at risk. In the end, the majority of the commissioners decided DoubleClick does not control enough of the display-ad market to give Google an unfair monopoly.
"Competition among firms in this market is vigorous and will likely increase," the commission majority wrote in a statement.
Increased Competition
Recent announcements by Googie's chief competitors support this argument. On Dec. 19, Microsoft--one of the few to challenge Google's merger before the FTC--announced a $500 million, five-year advertising deal to place ads on Viaeom's (VIA) network of popular Websites, including MTV.com. Microsoft will also be able to sell ad space on Viacom pages that are not in a premium position, based on the data it has about visitors to Viacom's sites.
Microsoft also recently solidified multiyear advertising agreements with Facebook, the second most popular social.network in the U.S., after News Corp.'s (NWS) MySpace, and well-trafficked social news site Digg (BusinessWeek.com, 9/19/07 ). "When Microsoft comes into a room and talks about anticompetitive behavior and threats to privacy, no one can take them seriously," says the CDD's Chester.
It also didn't help Google opponents that many of the company's competitors recently struck agreements to buy ad networks themselves, similar to Google's proposed deal with DoubleClick. Microsoft bought DoubleClick competitor a Quantive for $6 billion in May (BusinessWeek.com, 5/18/07 ). Yahoo! (YHOO) and Time Waruer's (TWX) AOL also
scooped up ad-serving and targeting firms earlier this year. Meanwhile, independent players, such as Specific Media, have secured millions in funding to consolidate their operations with other smaller ad networks (Business Week.com, 11/1/07 ).
In a statement on Google's blog, Chief Legal Officer David Drummond applauded the ruling: "The FTC's decision publicly affirms what we and numerous independent analysts have been saying for months, our acquisition does not threaten competition in what is a robust, innovative, and quickly evolving online advertising space."
Privacy Violation?
But will it threaten Web users? The final answer may rest with the European Commission. In November the commission delayed a decision on the deal (BusinessWeek.com, 11/14/07 ), saying it was more complicated than many competition cases and demanded further review. The EC has until Apr. 2 to issue a ruling.
Privacy advocates worry that Google, combining its wealth of search data with the information DoubleClick collects on who visits clients' sites, would violate consumer privacy. The sheer volume of information that DoubleClick collects would make it easy for Google to understand nearly everything about what millions of individual consumers do on the Web, critics say.
G0ogle counters that DoubleClick clients own information about who visits their sites and what they do there. Many of those clients would consider it a violation of that agreement for Google to, say, sell car ads on its Gmail service to people who have recently visited an automotive site that uses DoubleClick. As a result, Google says, it can't simply fuse its data with DoubleClick's customer information. However, privacy groups argue that Google could easily encourage DoubleClick clients to relinquish their data in exchange for, say, free search ads.
The FTC did offer a ray of hope for privacy advocates. The commissioners issued several recommendations about behavioral targeting, where information about users' Web activity is used to tailor online ads. The FTC said sites should clearly notify users when they're collecting data on their actions, and that sites should limit the length of time they store that data to reduce the risk of it falling into the wrong hands.
The FTC said it plans to look into whether "heightened protections" are needed to safeguard consumer privacy online.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；{TSE}题在答题卡1上。
Why Google can't claim victory?
[A] Google doesn't agree to certain conditions.
[B] The European Union needs to sign off on the merge.
[C] Google has raised concerns about consumer privacy.
[D] Google can't begin incorporating DoubleClick into it's business.
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