2014年英语四级考试每日一练(2月22日)
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单项选择题
1、根据以下资料，回答题：
Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify our moods and our actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness ( 顺从), and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual's behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine ( 内分泌) glands (腺体) and the body's changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.
Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology (内分泌学) as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormones
secreting. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal ( 肠的 ) walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas ( 胰 ) to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues, Bayliss and Starling demonstrated that chemical integration can occur without participation of the nervous system.
The term "hormone" was first used with reference to secreting. Starling derived the word from the Greek hormone, meaning "to excite or set in motion". The term "endocrine" was introduced shortly thereafter.
"Endocrine" is used to refer to glands that secrete products into the bloodstream. The term "endocrine" contrasts with "exocrine (外分泌)", which is applied to glands that secrete their products through ducts (导管) to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secretes pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless glands.
The author's main purpose in this passage is to__________.
A．explain the specific functions
B．provide general information about hormones
C．explain how the term "hormone" evolved
D．report on experiments in endocrinology
2、Questionsare based on the following passage.You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the
form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?
More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university.
Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.
Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "impostors (骗子 )"; another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright( 彻底的 ) lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attended" or "were associated with" a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century--that's when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.
One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
The main idea of this passage is that __
A． employers are checking more closely on applicants now
B． lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem
C． college degrees can now be purchased easily
D． employers are no longer interested in college degrees
3、Questions are based on the following passage.
The passage mainly discusses __________
填空题
4、He was almost hurt __________ (当公共汽车突然停止的时候).
5、Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each .choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item\on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questionsare based on the following passage.
Distance learning has moved far away from the traditional correspondence course, aimed at the individual student working 1 . The global reach of the. Internet makes it possible to 2 geographically-scattered students in a 3 classroom. Methods such as multimedia, video-conferencing and the Internet will 4 allow students both to proceed at their own pace, and to interact with one another and their teachers.
Even without taking the technology to its limits, the idea of education as a lifelong process is catching on throughout the 5 world. Already, working adults who pursue their studies part-time make up roughly half of students taking college courses in the United States.
However, there is 6 in scholarly circles about how far the new technology should be used for teaching academic subjects in which personal contacts between teacher and students are still vital. Britain's Open University, for example, a world leader in distance education, has embraced ".information technology 7 , believing it to be no 8 for books and the exchange of ideas at live tutorials and summer schools.
But the Open University is also moving with the tide. It has set up a "knowledge media institute" to explore ways of adopting information technology. Some teachers are concerned about this trend, arguing that the heavy investment that students are 9 to make in computer and communications equipment 10 the concept of "open". Cost,of course, is an important factor in many developing countries, where few people have computers or even phones. Rather than uniting the world, the new technologies could lead to societies of information haves and have-nots.
A． lonely F．contradicts K．concerned
B．debate G．global L．industrialized
C．substantial H．increasingly M．virtual
D．substitute I．unite Y．expected
E． cautiously J．conflicts 0 ．alone
aimed at the individual student working 1 .
6、 _________________(与偏远贫穷地区的学生相比)，students in big cities have access to better educational resources．
7、回答题：
Whatabout the Jamaican teachers impressed the author most
8、根据以下资料回答题
What is Jakob Nielsen famous for?
9、The old couple hoped that their son_________(将不辜负他们的期望)。
10、根据以下材料回答题：
Whether or not you’re easily influenced by contagious yawning may be linked to__________.
1、根据以下资料，回答题：
Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify our moods and our actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness ( 顺从), and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual's behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine ( 内分泌) glands (腺体) and the body's changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.
Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology (内分泌学) as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormones
secreting. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal ( 肠的 ) walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas ( 胰 ) to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues, Bayliss and Starling demonstrated that chemical integration can occur without participation of the nervous system.
The term "hormone" was first used with reference to secreting. Starling derived the word from the Greek hormone, meaning "to excite or set in motion". The term "endocrine" was introduced shortly thereafter.
"Endocrine" is used to refer to glands that secrete products into the bloodstream. The term "endocrine" contrasts with "exocrine (外分泌)", which is applied to glands that secrete their products through ducts (导管) to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secretes pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless glands.
The author's main purpose in this passage is to__________.
A．explain the specific functions
B．provide general information about hormones
C．explain how the term "hormone" evolved
D．report on experiments in endocrinology
2、Questionsare based on the following passage.You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the
form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?
More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university.
Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.
Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "impostors (骗子 )"; another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright( 彻底的 ) lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attended" or "were associated with" a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century--that's when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.
One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
The main idea of this passage is that __
A． employers are checking more closely on applicants now
B． lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem
C． college degrees can now be purchased easily
D． employers are no longer interested in college degrees
3、Questions are based on the following passage.
The passage mainly discusses __________
填空题
4、He was almost hurt __________ (当公共汽车突然停止的时候).
5、Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each .choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item\on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questionsare based on the following passage.
Distance learning has moved far away from the traditional correspondence course, aimed at the individual student working 1 . The global reach of the. Internet makes it possible to 2 geographically-scattered students in a 3 classroom. Methods such as multimedia, video-conferencing and the Internet will 4 allow students both to proceed at their own pace, and to interact with one another and their teachers.
Even without taking the technology to its limits, the idea of education as a lifelong process is catching on throughout the 5 world. Already, working adults who pursue their studies part-time make up roughly half of students taking college courses in the United States.
However, there is 6 in scholarly circles about how far the new technology should be used for teaching academic subjects in which personal contacts between teacher and students are still vital. Britain's Open University, for example, a world leader in distance education, has embraced ".information technology 7 , believing it to be no 8 for books and the exchange of ideas at live tutorials and summer schools.
But the Open University is also moving with the tide. It has set up a "knowledge media institute" to explore ways of adopting information technology. Some teachers are concerned about this trend, arguing that the heavy investment that students are 9 to make in computer and communications equipment 10 the concept of "open". Cost,of course, is an important factor in many developing countries, where few people have computers or even phones. Rather than uniting the world, the new technologies could lead to societies of information haves and have-nots.
A． lonely F．contradicts K．concerned
B．debate G．global L．industrialized
C．substantial H．increasingly M．virtual
D．substitute I．unite Y．expected
E． cautiously J．conflicts 0 ．alone
aimed at the individual student working 1 .
6、 _________________(与偏远贫穷地区的学生相比)，students in big cities have access to better educational resources．
7、回答题：
Whatabout the Jamaican teachers impressed the author most
8、根据以下资料回答题
What is Jakob Nielsen famous for?
9、The old couple hoped that their son_________(将不辜负他们的期望)。
10、根据以下材料回答题：
Whether or not you’re easily influenced by contagious yawning may be linked to__________.
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