2014年英语四级考试每日一练(3月15日)
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单项选择题
1、Passage One Questions are based on the following passage．
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations．Later he used sharp bone or horn,metal knives and more recently,rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck，in surgical instrument terms，for many years．In the l960s a new tool was developed，one which was，first of all，to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry,but which was also，in time，to revolutionize the art and science of surgery, The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world，for a very large number of different complaints．The word“laser”means：light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation．As we all know,light is hot，any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—will give warmth．But light is usually spread out over a wide area．The Light in a laser beam，however，is concentrated．This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells．It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of human eye without harming the front of the eye，simply by passing a laser beam right though the eye-ball．No knives，no stitches，no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable。So much more difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting．Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective．Altogether,tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically．
Which of the following is NOT a tool used for surgical operations before the 1960s?
A．Bone．
B．Metal knives．
C．Scissors．
D．Rubber and plastic．
填空题
2、
3、The proposal__________________ (在那个村子铺一条路)is to be discussed at the meeting．
4、回答题：
Whatabout the Jamaican teachers impressed the author most
5、He thought he could talk Mr. Robinson _____________ (购买一些昂贵的设备).
6、Because they were foreigners, the tourists___________________(被拒绝进入)the military exhibition.
7、It’s obvious that __________ (这个孩子已经被绑架了)．
8、Some artificial flowers resemble real flowers so closely that it is __________ (很难区分)one from another．
简答题
9、1．目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品；
2．举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害；
3．消除伪劣商品的方法。
10、Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Highways
A) Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U. S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate (容纳) automobiles.
B) With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U. S. Army’s first transcontinental motor convoy (车队), he noted: “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”
C) It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.
D) The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridges and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts, and plains. Variables included the slopes of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.
E) Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.
F) Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U. S. S. , and the U. S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U. S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 death per 100 million on all other roads).
G) By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.
H) The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.
I) By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear-----United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”
Trucks are using the Interstate highways deliver more than half of the nation’s freight deliveries.
1、Passage One Questions are based on the following passage．
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations．Later he used sharp bone or horn,metal knives and more recently,rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck，in surgical instrument terms，for many years．In the l960s a new tool was developed，one which was，first of all，to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry,but which was also，in time，to revolutionize the art and science of surgery, The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world，for a very large number of different complaints．The word“laser”means：light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation．As we all know,light is hot，any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—will give warmth．But light is usually spread out over a wide area．The Light in a laser beam，however，is concentrated．This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells．It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of human eye without harming the front of the eye，simply by passing a laser beam right though the eye-ball．No knives，no stitches，no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable。So much more difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting．Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective．Altogether,tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically．
Which of the following is NOT a tool used for surgical operations before the 1960s?
A．Bone．
B．Metal knives．
C．Scissors．
D．Rubber and plastic．
填空题
2、
3、The proposal__________________ (在那个村子铺一条路)is to be discussed at the meeting．
4、回答题：
Whatabout the Jamaican teachers impressed the author most
5、He thought he could talk Mr. Robinson _____________ (购买一些昂贵的设备).
6、Because they were foreigners, the tourists___________________(被拒绝进入)the military exhibition.
7、It’s obvious that __________ (这个孩子已经被绑架了)．
8、Some artificial flowers resemble real flowers so closely that it is __________ (很难区分)one from another．
简答题
9、1．目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品；
2．举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害；
3．消除伪劣商品的方法。
10、Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Highways
A) Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U. S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate (容纳) automobiles.
B) With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U. S. Army’s first transcontinental motor convoy (车队), he noted: “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”
C) It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.
D) The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridges and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts, and plains. Variables included the slopes of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.
E) Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.
F) Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U. S. S. , and the U. S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U. S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 death per 100 million on all other roads).
G) By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.
H) The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.
I) By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear-----United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”
Trucks are using the Interstate highways deliver more than half of the nation’s freight deliveries.
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