2014年英语四级考试每日一练(3月17日)
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1. Undoubtedly, Internet technology will change the way we live, work, communicate and do business. But beware of those who proclaim(声明)this to be a New Era of profitability. As in the so-called New Eras of the past brought on by earlier technological breakthroughs -- this one carries the seeds of its own destruction. The phenomenal growth of Internet businesses is already fueling a Klondike-style gold rush, with far too many diggers looking for far too little gold. Economics teaches us that it is hard to become an upstart with a basically free commodity. Think of ice in the Arctic,sand in the desert, seawater in the ocean or, for that matter, the seemingly (表面上)unlimited "hot air" on the Net.
In the 20th century, the proliferation of cars, radios, movies, televisions, mass retailers and computers all inspired a sense that we had begun a New Era. Each breakthrough promised new fiches and unprecedented prosperity for the innovators. But in the long run, they always failed to deliver to investors the expected rewards.
Why the letdowns? In part because every great innovator invariably attracted great imitators,who competed with the original and eventually depressed his "excessive" profit margin by commoditizing the invention. Furthermore, great inventions have always been followed by greater innovations (创新), which, through the process known as creative destruction, render the previous new technology obsolete. And when inventions become vital to the economy, they are frequently brought under the control of governments via regulation, nationalization and, in extreme cases, expropriation.
Take the Erie Canal, which was completed in 1825. Its success led to the great American canal boom of the 1830s. It ended just a few years later in a tremendous failure, as most of the other canals failed to make money. The Erie, too, began to suffer from competition, first from railroads and, eventually, from trucks. In the end, the railroad industry -- which helped create an unprecedented industrial boom -- proved to be disastrous for most investors. By 1895, most U. S. railroads had to be restructured.
Now familiar technologies like cars, radios, cash registers and mainframe computers were all at some point new and revolutionary. But the spread of the technologies led inevitably to the demise of their creators' "excessive" profits, as each became just another commodity, Don't think for a minute that the Internet will be any different.
It is implied in the passage that_____________
A．the growth of the Internet business is too fast
B．the spread of a new invention can make people live better
C．most Internet companies are unlikely to be out of business
D．some survived Internet companies can achieve some meaningful earnings
2. Questions58-48are based on the following passage.I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-
liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization (贫民) compels them to intervene
on the side of the marginalized (使处于社会边缘 ). Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.
Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners' first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?
Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of
having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of "sharing,
solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings". Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor ( 1993 ) describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A literacy animator is one who ____
A． struggles for a more meaningful life
B． frees people from poverty and illiteracy
C． is committed to marginalize the illiterate
D． is concerned with what is behind illiteracy
3. 根据材料与答案回答48-48题。
第47答案为（ ）。
快速阅读1
4. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not stay silent.
5. The forecast for rain turned out to be __________ (一场虚惊)．
6.
7. Questions48-1are based on the following passage.
Those baby-faced people now have another reason to be smug (自鸣得意的 ): a new Danish study says looking young 47 means a longer life. Research suggests that people who look younger than their years also live longer.
In 2001, Danish researchers 48 physical and cognitive tests on more than 1,800 pairs of twins over aged 70, as well as taking photos of their faces. Three groups of people who didn't know the twins' real ages guessed how old they were. The researchers then 49 how long the twins 50 over 7 years.
The experts found that people who looked younger than their 51 age were far more likely to survive, even after they 52 for other factors like gender and environment. The bigger the difference in 53 age within any twin pair, the more likely it was that the older-looking twin died first.
They also found a possible biological 54 _: people who looked younger also tended to have longer telomeres (端粒), a key DNA. 55 that is linked to aging. People with shorter telomeres are thought to age faster. In the Danish study, the more fresh-faced people had longer telomeres.
The authors said that perceived age, which is widely used by doctors as a general 56 of a patient's health, is a good biomarker of aging that predicts survival among people over age 70.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
请作答（47）______
8. 根据以下材料回答1-36题：
How many Earths could fit inside the Sun?
9. Questions {TSE} are based onthe following passage.
If it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.
In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.
Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.
A． awarded
B ． heavily
C． classical
D． display
E． established
F． system
G． involved
H．defeated
I．continually
J． specially
K．emphases
L． establishment
M． specialists
N． carded
O． judge
第(36)题__________.
写作
10. Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled living On or Off Campus? You should write at least l20 words following the outline given below．
1．针对大学生是否应该住校，阐明你的观点
2．说明自己持有这种观点的原因
3．得出结论
1. Undoubtedly, Internet technology will change the way we live, work, communicate and do business. But beware of those who proclaim(声明)this to be a New Era of profitability. As in the so-called New Eras of the past brought on by earlier technological breakthroughs -- this one carries the seeds of its own destruction. The phenomenal growth of Internet businesses is already fueling a Klondike-style gold rush, with far too many diggers looking for far too little gold. Economics teaches us that it is hard to become an upstart with a basically free commodity. Think of ice in the Arctic,sand in the desert, seawater in the ocean or, for that matter, the seemingly (表面上)unlimited "hot air" on the Net.
In the 20th century, the proliferation of cars, radios, movies, televisions, mass retailers and computers all inspired a sense that we had begun a New Era. Each breakthrough promised new fiches and unprecedented prosperity for the innovators. But in the long run, they always failed to deliver to investors the expected rewards.
Why the letdowns? In part because every great innovator invariably attracted great imitators,who competed with the original and eventually depressed his "excessive" profit margin by commoditizing the invention. Furthermore, great inventions have always been followed by greater innovations (创新), which, through the process known as creative destruction, render the previous new technology obsolete. And when inventions become vital to the economy, they are frequently brought under the control of governments via regulation, nationalization and, in extreme cases, expropriation.
Take the Erie Canal, which was completed in 1825. Its success led to the great American canal boom of the 1830s. It ended just a few years later in a tremendous failure, as most of the other canals failed to make money. The Erie, too, began to suffer from competition, first from railroads and, eventually, from trucks. In the end, the railroad industry -- which helped create an unprecedented industrial boom -- proved to be disastrous for most investors. By 1895, most U. S. railroads had to be restructured.
Now familiar technologies like cars, radios, cash registers and mainframe computers were all at some point new and revolutionary. But the spread of the technologies led inevitably to the demise of their creators' "excessive" profits, as each became just another commodity, Don't think for a minute that the Internet will be any different.
It is implied in the passage that_____________
A．the growth of the Internet business is too fast
B．the spread of a new invention can make people live better
C．most Internet companies are unlikely to be out of business
D．some survived Internet companies can achieve some meaningful earnings
2. Questions58-48are based on the following passage.I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-
liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization (贫民) compels them to intervene
on the side of the marginalized (使处于社会边缘 ). Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.
Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners' first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?
Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of
having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of "sharing,
solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings". Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor ( 1993 ) describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A literacy animator is one who ____
A． struggles for a more meaningful life
B． frees people from poverty and illiteracy
C． is committed to marginalize the illiterate
D． is concerned with what is behind illiteracy
3. 根据材料与答案回答48-48题。
第47答案为（ ）。
快速阅读1
4. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not stay silent.
5. The forecast for rain turned out to be __________ (一场虚惊)．
6.
7. Questions48-1are based on the following passage.
Those baby-faced people now have another reason to be smug (自鸣得意的 ): a new Danish study says looking young 47 means a longer life. Research suggests that people who look younger than their years also live longer.
In 2001, Danish researchers 48 physical and cognitive tests on more than 1,800 pairs of twins over aged 70, as well as taking photos of their faces. Three groups of people who didn't know the twins' real ages guessed how old they were. The researchers then 49 how long the twins 50 over 7 years.
The experts found that people who looked younger than their 51 age were far more likely to survive, even after they 52 for other factors like gender and environment. The bigger the difference in 53 age within any twin pair, the more likely it was that the older-looking twin died first.
They also found a possible biological 54 _: people who looked younger also tended to have longer telomeres (端粒), a key DNA. 55 that is linked to aging. People with shorter telomeres are thought to age faster. In the Danish study, the more fresh-faced people had longer telomeres.
The authors said that perceived age, which is widely used by doctors as a general 56 of a patient's health, is a good biomarker of aging that predicts survival among people over age 70.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
请作答（47）______
8. 根据以下材料回答1-36题：
How many Earths could fit inside the Sun?
9. Questions {TSE} are based onthe following passage.
If it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.
In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.
Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.
A． awarded
B ． heavily
C． classical
D． display
E． established
F． system
G． involved
H．defeated
I．continually
J． specially
K．emphases
L． establishment
M． specialists
N． carded
O． judge
第(36)题__________.
写作
10. Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled living On or Off Campus? You should write at least l20 words following the outline given below．
1．针对大学生是否应该住校，阐明你的观点
2．说明自己持有这种观点的原因
3．得出结论
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