2014年英语四级考试每日一练(3月28日)
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在线测试本批《每日一练》试题，可查看答案及解析，并保留做题记录 >> 在线做题
单项选择题
1、回答题
Bad behavior incockpit has proven deadly
Terrifying incidents of bad pilot behavior like a JetBlue pilot'smeltdown this week are not unprecedented in the history of commercial aviationand have sometimes caused deadly crashes.
Nevertheless, the list of incidents resulting from unprofessionalpilot behavior over a 50-year history and millions of flights show that"it's a very rare thing," says aviation safety expert Aaron Gellmanof the Kellogg
School of Management at Northwestern University. "And evenwith what's happened in the past, it's the safest mode of transportation byfar."
Tuesday's JetBlue incident, where the FBI alleges captain Clayton Ｏsbon started Speaking nonsense tohis first officer and was later tackled and restrained by passengers, isextremely unusual. But airline procedures, which require two pilots and lockedcockpit (驾驶座舱)doors, protected the public, Gellmansays.
Some previous incidents of bad behavior by pilots have been fatal,showing that airline procedures cannot save lives when pilots choose to ignorethem.
On Feb. 12, 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 iced up and crashed inBuffalo, N.Y., after a series of mistakes by tired pilots, according to theNational Transportation Safety Board. Both the captain and first officer had traveledfor hours before taking controls of the plane in Newark, and the young firstofficer, Rebecca Lynne Shaw, was heard on the flight recorder saying she hadlittle experience dealing with icy conditions. When ice caused the flight tostall(失速)，captain Marvin Renslow erred and made the stall worse, crashing theplane and killing 50 people,according to the NTSB. The board also concludedthat Shaw and Renslow had been chitchatting in the cockpit.
"They weren't properly trained and weren't able to handle thesituation," Gellman says.
In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from aToronto-to-London flight, restrained andsedated(给服镇静剂)after having a mental breakdown andspeaking to God while behind the controls at 30,000 feet. The plane landed safelyin Ireland.
Ｏn Oct. 31, 1999, Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed into the AtlanticOcean off the Massachusetts coast due,according to the NTSB, to the deliberateaction of first officer Gameel Al-Batouti. The Boeing 767 crashed with dozensof Egyptian military officers aboard who were returning from helicopter flighttraining in the USA at a time when the Egyptian government was at war withradical Islamists. Al-Batouti, an Islamist sympathizer, "wanted to get ridof the helicopter pilots and crashed the airplane," Gellman says.
Ｏn Oct. 14, 2004, two pilots taking an empty airliner from LittleRock, Ark., to Minneapolis decided to explore the limits of their PinnacleAirlines plane. Captain Jesse Rhodes and first officer Peter Cesarz took the planeto 41,000, the maximum approved altitude for the plane, and then failed tofollow proper procedure when the plane stalled and the engines shut down,according to the NTSB; After trying unsuccessfully to restart the engines whilegliding, they crashed behind several homes 2.5 miles from an airport. Bothcrewmembers were killed.
A 1956 mid-air collision that investigators blamed on pilotstrying to give passengers better views of the Grand Canyon resulted in arevamping(改写)of the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA．in patrolling the airways.
The pilots were maneuvering around cloud formations over thecanyon and collided, killing 128 people."It was a watershed(分水岭) event because it changed thewhole approach to air traffic control," Gellman says. Congress reacted byincreasing funding for the FAA, giving it the capability to monitor aircraft"in the airways not just in the terminal," Gellman says.
Investigations of deadly accidents over the years have resulted insafety procedures, such as requiring two pilots and locking cockpit doors,which helped preserve lives in the JetBlue incident, Gellman says.
"Even if the captain had insisted on making trouble in thecockpit, I think the first officer would have been able to handle it,"Gellman says. "That's why we have two people in there."
Dave Funk, a retired Northwest Airlines captain now an aviationconsultant with Laird & Associates, says the JetBlue flight might have beensaved by the co-pilot, who barred an incapacitated (不胜任的 ) Ｏsbonfrom the cockpit. "The first officer recognized the gravity of thesituation and solved the problem," Funk says.
The co-pilot's quick thinking on that flight is analogous tocaptain "Sully" Sullenberger landing a US Airways flight on New York'sHudson River with no lives lost, Funk says. "We gave him a bunch of brokeneggs.
He made scrambled eggs. He didn't make eggs over medium. "
Funk says pilots today face more worries than they did years ago,when airlines like TWA and now-defunct Pan Am projected an image of employees who have"this wonderful life, have great benefits, fly around the world,fall inlove, all in their 20s. "
Instead, he says, pilots today are dealing with "the crappyeconomy, the political fights each day. Is Washington going to get attackedThat's going to create stress. "Pilots, in particular, have to deal with alot more stresses in their job because of the intense security situation,Funksays.
"It's the greatest job in the world when you get to the endof the runway," Funk says. "All the crap you have to get through to make it to therunway doesn't make it worth it to a lot of us anymore."
Tuesday's JetBlue incident is __________.
A．an incident of unprofessional pilot behavior
B．the major cause of a plane crash
C．an example showing that the air travel is still the safest mode oftransportation by far
D．an example showing how the airline proceduresprotect the public
2、根据以下资料回答 题
The author thought of his friend's question as a good one because _____.
3、回答题：
Global warming may or may not be the great enviromental crisis of the 21st century, but---regardless ofwhether it is or isn't--we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make somefairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem,the less likely they are to be observed.
AI Gore calls giobal warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to asolution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and--without majortechnological
breakthroughs--we can't do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase.If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy.
We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else'sliving standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricityusage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doingsomething." Consider the Kyoto Protocol( 《京都议定书》). It allowed countries that joined to punish those thatdidn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn'tadopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology.Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuelsor dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless.
What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A．It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.
B．It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.
C．Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D．Very little will be done to bring it under control.
4、听录音，回答题：
A．He can't go this weekend.
B．He has bought a bathing suit.
C．They should stay at the beach longer.
D．They shouldn't spend much money.
填空题
5、
6、We should apply market mechanism and our policies__________(必须与经济增长一致)．
7、
8、Hitler __________________ (开始征服) other countries in Europe in the belief that the Germans were the master race.
9、_________(给我印象深的)were her liveliness and sense ofhumor．
10、Questions are based onthe following passage.
If it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.
In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.
Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.
A． awarded
B ． heavily
C． classical
D． display
E． established
F． system
G． involved
H．defeated
I．continually
J． specially
K．emphases
L． establishment
M． specialists
N． carded
O． judge
第(36)题__________.
1、回答题
Bad behavior incockpit has proven deadly
Terrifying incidents of bad pilot behavior like a JetBlue pilot'smeltdown this week are not unprecedented in the history of commercial aviationand have sometimes caused deadly crashes.
Nevertheless, the list of incidents resulting from unprofessionalpilot behavior over a 50-year history and millions of flights show that"it's a very rare thing," says aviation safety expert Aaron Gellmanof the Kellogg
School of Management at Northwestern University. "And evenwith what's happened in the past, it's the safest mode of transportation byfar."
Tuesday's JetBlue incident, where the FBI alleges captain Clayton Ｏsbon started Speaking nonsense tohis first officer and was later tackled and restrained by passengers, isextremely unusual. But airline procedures, which require two pilots and lockedcockpit (驾驶座舱)doors, protected the public, Gellmansays.
Some previous incidents of bad behavior by pilots have been fatal,showing that airline procedures cannot save lives when pilots choose to ignorethem.
On Feb. 12, 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 iced up and crashed inBuffalo, N.Y., after a series of mistakes by tired pilots, according to theNational Transportation Safety Board. Both the captain and first officer had traveledfor hours before taking controls of the plane in Newark, and the young firstofficer, Rebecca Lynne Shaw, was heard on the flight recorder saying she hadlittle experience dealing with icy conditions. When ice caused the flight tostall(失速)，captain Marvin Renslow erred and made the stall worse, crashing theplane and killing 50 people,according to the NTSB. The board also concludedthat Shaw and Renslow had been chitchatting in the cockpit.
"They weren't properly trained and weren't able to handle thesituation," Gellman says.
In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from aToronto-to-London flight, restrained andsedated(给服镇静剂)after having a mental breakdown andspeaking to God while behind the controls at 30,000 feet. The plane landed safelyin Ireland.
Ｏn Oct. 31, 1999, Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed into the AtlanticOcean off the Massachusetts coast due,according to the NTSB, to the deliberateaction of first officer Gameel Al-Batouti. The Boeing 767 crashed with dozensof Egyptian military officers aboard who were returning from helicopter flighttraining in the USA at a time when the Egyptian government was at war withradical Islamists. Al-Batouti, an Islamist sympathizer, "wanted to get ridof the helicopter pilots and crashed the airplane," Gellman says.
Ｏn Oct. 14, 2004, two pilots taking an empty airliner from LittleRock, Ark., to Minneapolis decided to explore the limits of their PinnacleAirlines plane. Captain Jesse Rhodes and first officer Peter Cesarz took the planeto 41,000, the maximum approved altitude for the plane, and then failed tofollow proper procedure when the plane stalled and the engines shut down,according to the NTSB; After trying unsuccessfully to restart the engines whilegliding, they crashed behind several homes 2.5 miles from an airport. Bothcrewmembers were killed.
A 1956 mid-air collision that investigators blamed on pilotstrying to give passengers better views of the Grand Canyon resulted in arevamping(改写)of the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA．in patrolling the airways.
The pilots were maneuvering around cloud formations over thecanyon and collided, killing 128 people."It was a watershed(分水岭) event because it changed thewhole approach to air traffic control," Gellman says. Congress reacted byincreasing funding for the FAA, giving it the capability to monitor aircraft"in the airways not just in the terminal," Gellman says.
Investigations of deadly accidents over the years have resulted insafety procedures, such as requiring two pilots and locking cockpit doors,which helped preserve lives in the JetBlue incident, Gellman says.
"Even if the captain had insisted on making trouble in thecockpit, I think the first officer would have been able to handle it,"Gellman says. "That's why we have two people in there."
Dave Funk, a retired Northwest Airlines captain now an aviationconsultant with Laird & Associates, says the JetBlue flight might have beensaved by the co-pilot, who barred an incapacitated (不胜任的 ) Ｏsbonfrom the cockpit. "The first officer recognized the gravity of thesituation and solved the problem," Funk says.
The co-pilot's quick thinking on that flight is analogous tocaptain "Sully" Sullenberger landing a US Airways flight on New York'sHudson River with no lives lost, Funk says. "We gave him a bunch of brokeneggs.
He made scrambled eggs. He didn't make eggs over medium. "
Funk says pilots today face more worries than they did years ago,when airlines like TWA and now-defunct Pan Am projected an image of employees who have"this wonderful life, have great benefits, fly around the world,fall inlove, all in their 20s. "
Instead, he says, pilots today are dealing with "the crappyeconomy, the political fights each day. Is Washington going to get attackedThat's going to create stress. "Pilots, in particular, have to deal with alot more stresses in their job because of the intense security situation,Funksays.
"It's the greatest job in the world when you get to the endof the runway," Funk says. "All the crap you have to get through to make it to therunway doesn't make it worth it to a lot of us anymore."
Tuesday's JetBlue incident is __________.
A．an incident of unprofessional pilot behavior
B．the major cause of a plane crash
C．an example showing that the air travel is still the safest mode oftransportation by far
D．an example showing how the airline proceduresprotect the public
2、根据以下资料回答 题
The author thought of his friend's question as a good one because _____.
3、回答题：
Global warming may or may not be the great enviromental crisis of the 21st century, but---regardless ofwhether it is or isn't--we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make somefairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem,the less likely they are to be observed.
AI Gore calls giobal warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to asolution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and--without majortechnological
breakthroughs--we can't do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase.If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy.
We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else'sliving standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricityusage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doingsomething." Consider the Kyoto Protocol( 《京都议定书》). It allowed countries that joined to punish those thatdidn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn'tadopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology.Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuelsor dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless.
What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A．It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.
B．It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.
C．Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D．Very little will be done to bring it under control.
4、听录音，回答题：
点击播放
A．He can't go this weekend.
B．He has bought a bathing suit.
C．They should stay at the beach longer.
D．They shouldn't spend much money.
填空题
5、
6、We should apply market mechanism and our policies__________(必须与经济增长一致)．
7、
8、Hitler __________________ (开始征服) other countries in Europe in the belief that the Germans were the master race.
9、_________(给我印象深的)were her liveliness and sense ofhumor．
10、Questions are based onthe following passage.
If it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.
In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.
Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.
A． awarded
B ． heavily
C． classical
D． display
E． established
F． system
G． involved
H．defeated
I．continually
J． specially
K．emphases
L． establishment
M． specialists
N． carded
O． judge
第(36)题__________.
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