2014年英语四级考试每日一练(4月4日)
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1、根据下列材料，请回答题
Divorce lawyers: Pet custody cases increasing
LOS ANGELES——They still fight like cats and dogs in divorce court. But more and more they are fighting about cats and dogs.
Custody(监护权)cases involving pets are on the rise across the United States of America. In a 2006 survey by the 1,600-member American Academy of Matrimonial(婚姻的)Lawyers (AAML), a quarter of respondents said pet custody cases had increased noticeably since 2001. The academy is due for another survey, but there is no doubt such cases have grown steadily since then, said Ken Altshuler of Portland, Maine, a divorce attorney and AAML president.
If there is a child involved in a divorce, many judges will keep the pet with the child, attorneys said.
"But what do you do when the pet is the child? "Altshuler asked.
Breakups in same-sex marriages, civil unions and domestic partnerships are among masons pet custody fights are become more common, attorneys said.
Pet custody cases have grown as much as 15 percent in his office over the last five years, said attorney David isarra of Santa Monica.
He is his own best example. He shares custody of 8-year-old Dudley, a longhaired standard black-and-tan achshund, with his ex, who took Dudley away when got remarried.
Pet consultant Steven May hired Pisarra six years ago to handle his divorce. Besides a daughter, May and his ex worked out custody of three dogs, two cats and Tequila the parrot.
Pisarra and May became good friends and often take their dogs for walks in Santa Monica. They also teamed up last year to write a book about co-parenting a pet with an ex tiffed What About Wally?
Pets are considered property in every state in the country. For years, they have been divvied up like furniture during divorce proceedings. But times are changing.
"Judges are viewing them more akin to (近似)children than dining room sets. They are recognizing that people have an emotional attachment to their animals," Altshuler said.
"There is a shifting consciousness," Pisarra said. "Pets are being given greater consideration under the law. "
More people have pets than ever before and they consider them part of the family rather than possessions, said Silvana Raso, a family law attorney with the Englewood Cliffs, N.J., law firm of Schepisi & McLaughlin.
"People are not embarrassed to fight for custody of a pet today. In the past they might have shied away from it because society didn't really accept a pet as anything other than an accessory to your life," she said.
When Pisarra and his ex wife split up, they agreed to share Dudley. His wife even wrote an introduction in Pisarra's book.
"There is no law that recognizes visitation with an animal," Raso said, so couples have to work it out ，themselves.
Reaching a pet custody agreement without a lot of help from attorneys and judges will save money, Raso said.
Divorces can cost $1,000 and be resolved quickly or cost millions and take years.
Pet decisions are often more agonizing to make than those about mortgages, credit card debt or student loans,Raso said. But if they can be resolved, the rest usually goes smoother.
After their 2006 breakup, Pisarra and his wife worked out shared custody, long-distance visitation and a new family (including a beagle．in Dudley's life, Pisarra said. Today, they live in the same city, so visitation no longer includes flight time.
The two have a plan for everyday, vacation and holiday schedules, travel arrangements, doggie daycare,boarding, food, treats, grooming, vet care, moving and end-of-life decisions. They split costs and sometimes, with things like toys, leashes(皮绳)and dog bowls, they buy two of each so Dudley has one at each home.
May and his wife Nina (who also wrote an introduction for the book．separated six years ago after 16 years of marriage. "Everything was fresh and raw. It was not easy. "
It's taken time, but he and his ex live about two miles apart in West Los Angeles now and sharing custody of their daughter and pets is easy, he said. To make it work, "you learn the true meaning of concession," May said.
Most of the time, custody battles grow out of love. But there are cases rooted in spite(恶意)or retaliation(报复)．Pisarra represented a man whose estranged wife had the family's two German shepherds euthanized(使安乐死)．"It was really cruel and he had no recourse," he said.In years past, pets could not be protected in domestic violence restraining orders in any state. But because abusers can use pets to threaten victims, maybe even kill the animals, the laws have changed in states like Maine,New York, California and Illinois. Other states are looking into changes. And there will be changes in other laws too, Altshuler predicted.
He believes there will one day be statutes(法规)for pets, much like there are for children, giving judges guidelines to rule by.
In a 2006 survey by AAML, approximately how many respondents said pet custody cases had increased noticeably over the past five years?
A．One fourth of the respondents.
B．Nearly all respondents.
C．400
D．1600
2、回答题
Caring for Elderly Parents Catches Many Unprepared
Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke(中风)and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for.
"I was flying by the seat of my pants," says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn't handle her mother's care.
The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' home created other problems.
Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says. "But I didn't even know how to find help. "
With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted.
More than 42 million Americans provide family care giving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year.
And many are unprepared.
Starting with the paperwork
While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney(授权书)，which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another's behalf; a health care proxy(代理委托书)，which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.)
"It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to make those decisions for a parent," says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y..
An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian, says AgingCare. com.
It's important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it's not an easy conversation.
Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H.. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says.
And when there are many siblings(兄弟姐妹)，the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony(尖刻)，says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y..
Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric(老年人的)care managers and care giver support,rouos. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth. Navigating the long-term care system
Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn't pay for long-term care, Feinberg says.
The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth.
And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.
Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence.
But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities.
Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn't covered by Medicaid.
If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to
AARP research.
But it is possible that the parents can no longer safely live at home, and it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility.
There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example,
Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.
The job of family caregivers
Family Caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent's finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors' appointments and shopping. Those who live with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care.
Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well.
Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have. and I guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking(剪贴簿)website.
"When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptism(洗礼)by fire," she says. "New things come up. It's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It's everything," she says.
Caregivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.
Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife.
"It's a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. It's only natural that I be here for her now. "
The sentence "I was flying by the seat of my pants" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) implies that __________.
A．Baldocchi thought her workload was too heavy
B．Baldocchi felt sad that her parent was paralyzed
C．Baldocchi was unprepared to give 'up herjob
D．Baldocchi was not ready to take care of her parents all day long
3、Questionsare based on the followingpassage.
Language is, and should be, a livingthing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. Butthere isa vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language,enabling us to say things wecould not say before, and bad developments, whichsubtract from the language by rendering it less precise. Avivacious, colorfuluse of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind ofslovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin tothe cult ( 迷信． of theunfinished work, which haseroded most of the arts in our time. And the trueanswer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, bydiscipline. Youcannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English hasbeen accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken
English. We speak very much less well than wascommon among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.
The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation oflanguage. Instead ofthe immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw(who was also very insistent on good pronunciation．,audiences are now subjectedto streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, toexhibit'laek ofcommunication', and larded (夹杂． with theobscenities (下流的话． and grammatical errors of theintellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "Thetheatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. "Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons inhow to speakbadly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. Aideryears of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspokenEnglish, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unitcoyly (含蓄地． put it, "In the1960s the BBC opened thefield to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockeytalking to thelatest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbalsqualor. And the prospect seems to be of evenworse to come. School teachers areactively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar,atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such thingsmight inhibit his creative genius.
The writer relateslinguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both_________
A．occasionally aim at acertain fluidity
B．appear to shunperfection
C．from time to time showregard for the finishing touch
D．make use of economical shortcuts
4、听录音，回答题
A．Children learn by example．
B．Children must not tell lies．
C．Children don’t like discipline．
D．Children must control their temper．
5、听录音，回答题：
A．He hasn't eaten well recently.
B．He's been helping his sister a lot.
C．He can't stop searching for work yet.
D．He's been working on his paper constantly.
6、根据以下材料回答题：
Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because __________.
填空题
7、____________ (她不仅非常聪明)，but also she is a hard worker．
8、
根据你所听到的回答题：
请在（36）处填上答案。
简答题
9、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Challenge. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
1．中国加入WT0，使中国面临着许多挑战。
2．有挑战才有机会。
3．中国应如何迎接挑战。
10、
1、根据下列材料，请回答题
Divorce lawyers: Pet custody cases increasing
LOS ANGELES——They still fight like cats and dogs in divorce court. But more and more they are fighting about cats and dogs.
Custody(监护权)cases involving pets are on the rise across the United States of America. In a 2006 survey by the 1,600-member American Academy of Matrimonial(婚姻的)Lawyers (AAML), a quarter of respondents said pet custody cases had increased noticeably since 2001. The academy is due for another survey, but there is no doubt such cases have grown steadily since then, said Ken Altshuler of Portland, Maine, a divorce attorney and AAML president.
If there is a child involved in a divorce, many judges will keep the pet with the child, attorneys said.
"But what do you do when the pet is the child? "Altshuler asked.
Breakups in same-sex marriages, civil unions and domestic partnerships are among masons pet custody fights are become more common, attorneys said.
Pet custody cases have grown as much as 15 percent in his office over the last five years, said attorney David isarra of Santa Monica.
He is his own best example. He shares custody of 8-year-old Dudley, a longhaired standard black-and-tan achshund, with his ex, who took Dudley away when got remarried.
Pet consultant Steven May hired Pisarra six years ago to handle his divorce. Besides a daughter, May and his ex worked out custody of three dogs, two cats and Tequila the parrot.
Pisarra and May became good friends and often take their dogs for walks in Santa Monica. They also teamed up last year to write a book about co-parenting a pet with an ex tiffed What About Wally?
Pets are considered property in every state in the country. For years, they have been divvied up like furniture during divorce proceedings. But times are changing.
"Judges are viewing them more akin to (近似)children than dining room sets. They are recognizing that people have an emotional attachment to their animals," Altshuler said.
"There is a shifting consciousness," Pisarra said. "Pets are being given greater consideration under the law. "
More people have pets than ever before and they consider them part of the family rather than possessions, said Silvana Raso, a family law attorney with the Englewood Cliffs, N.J., law firm of Schepisi & McLaughlin.
"People are not embarrassed to fight for custody of a pet today. In the past they might have shied away from it because society didn't really accept a pet as anything other than an accessory to your life," she said.
When Pisarra and his ex wife split up, they agreed to share Dudley. His wife even wrote an introduction in Pisarra's book.
"There is no law that recognizes visitation with an animal," Raso said, so couples have to work it out ，themselves.
Reaching a pet custody agreement without a lot of help from attorneys and judges will save money, Raso said.
Divorces can cost $1,000 and be resolved quickly or cost millions and take years.
Pet decisions are often more agonizing to make than those about mortgages, credit card debt or student loans,Raso said. But if they can be resolved, the rest usually goes smoother.
After their 2006 breakup, Pisarra and his wife worked out shared custody, long-distance visitation and a new family (including a beagle．in Dudley's life, Pisarra said. Today, they live in the same city, so visitation no longer includes flight time.
The two have a plan for everyday, vacation and holiday schedules, travel arrangements, doggie daycare,boarding, food, treats, grooming, vet care, moving and end-of-life decisions. They split costs and sometimes, with things like toys, leashes(皮绳)and dog bowls, they buy two of each so Dudley has one at each home.
May and his wife Nina (who also wrote an introduction for the book．separated six years ago after 16 years of marriage. "Everything was fresh and raw. It was not easy. "
It's taken time, but he and his ex live about two miles apart in West Los Angeles now and sharing custody of their daughter and pets is easy, he said. To make it work, "you learn the true meaning of concession," May said.
Most of the time, custody battles grow out of love. But there are cases rooted in spite(恶意)or retaliation(报复)．Pisarra represented a man whose estranged wife had the family's two German shepherds euthanized(使安乐死)．"It was really cruel and he had no recourse," he said.In years past, pets could not be protected in domestic violence restraining orders in any state. But because abusers can use pets to threaten victims, maybe even kill the animals, the laws have changed in states like Maine,New York, California and Illinois. Other states are looking into changes. And there will be changes in other laws too, Altshuler predicted.
He believes there will one day be statutes(法规)for pets, much like there are for children, giving judges guidelines to rule by.
In a 2006 survey by AAML, approximately how many respondents said pet custody cases had increased noticeably over the past five years?
A．One fourth of the respondents.
B．Nearly all respondents.
C．400
D．1600
2、回答题
Caring for Elderly Parents Catches Many Unprepared
Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke(中风)and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for.
"I was flying by the seat of my pants," says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn't handle her mother's care.
The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' home created other problems.
Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says. "But I didn't even know how to find help. "
With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted.
More than 42 million Americans provide family care giving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year.
And many are unprepared.
Starting with the paperwork
While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney(授权书)，which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another's behalf; a health care proxy(代理委托书)，which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.)
"It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to make those decisions for a parent," says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y..
An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian, says AgingCare. com.
It's important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it's not an easy conversation.
Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H.. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says.
And when there are many siblings(兄弟姐妹)，the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony(尖刻)，says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y..
Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric(老年人的)care managers and care giver support,rouos. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth. Navigating the long-term care system
Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn't pay for long-term care, Feinberg says.
The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth.
And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.
Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence.
But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities.
Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn't covered by Medicaid.
If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to
AARP research.
But it is possible that the parents can no longer safely live at home, and it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility.
There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example,
Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.
The job of family caregivers
Family Caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent's finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors' appointments and shopping. Those who live with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care.
Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well.
Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have. and I guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking(剪贴簿)website.
"When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptism(洗礼)by fire," she says. "New things come up. It's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It's everything," she says.
Caregivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.
Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife.
"It's a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. It's only natural that I be here for her now. "
The sentence "I was flying by the seat of my pants" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) implies that __________.
A．Baldocchi thought her workload was too heavy
B．Baldocchi felt sad that her parent was paralyzed
C．Baldocchi was unprepared to give 'up herjob
D．Baldocchi was not ready to take care of her parents all day long
3、Questionsare based on the followingpassage.
Language is, and should be, a livingthing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. Butthere isa vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language,enabling us to say things wecould not say before, and bad developments, whichsubtract from the language by rendering it less precise. Avivacious, colorfuluse of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind ofslovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin tothe cult ( 迷信． of theunfinished work, which haseroded most of the arts in our time. And the trueanswer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, bydiscipline. Youcannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English hasbeen accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken
English. We speak very much less well than wascommon among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.
The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation oflanguage. Instead ofthe immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw(who was also very insistent on good pronunciation．,audiences are now subjectedto streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, toexhibit'laek ofcommunication', and larded (夹杂． with theobscenities (下流的话． and grammatical errors of theintellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "Thetheatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. "Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons inhow to speakbadly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. Aideryears of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspokenEnglish, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unitcoyly (含蓄地． put it, "In the1960s the BBC opened thefield to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockeytalking to thelatest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbalsqualor. And the prospect seems to be of evenworse to come. School teachers areactively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar,atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such thingsmight inhibit his creative genius.
The writer relateslinguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both_________
A．occasionally aim at acertain fluidity
B．appear to shunperfection
C．from time to time showregard for the finishing touch
D．make use of economical shortcuts
4、听录音，回答题
点击播放
A．Children learn by example．
B．Children must not tell lies．
C．Children don’t like discipline．
D．Children must control their temper．
5、听录音，回答题：
点击播放
A．He hasn't eaten well recently.
B．He's been helping his sister a lot.
C．He can't stop searching for work yet.
D．He's been working on his paper constantly.
6、根据以下材料回答题：
Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because __________.
填空题
7、____________ (她不仅非常聪明)，but also she is a hard worker．
8、
点击播放
根据你所听到的回答题：
请在（36）处填上答案。
简答题
9、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Challenge. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
1．中国加入WT0，使中国面临着许多挑战。
2．有挑战才有机会。
3．中国应如何迎接挑战。
10、
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