2014年英语四级考试每日一练(4月25日)
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单项选择题
1、Directions : There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A , B ,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions are based on the following passage.
It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized( 官僚机构化), they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In doing so, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up. Thus, they do not facilitate(使便利) the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of children, parents and society at large.
It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric(花言巧语) and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that schools re-orient themselves towards their "clients". By doing so, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concerned, but such an approach also unleashes(发出)the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and reward.
Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by "educational" we mean the development of all within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, "the consumers". If teachers are seen as. part of this community, then their development is just as important.
If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words,free-market theories, granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.According to the author, criticism of schools arises from___________
A．a misunderstanding of schools officials
B．the high cost of education due to bureaucracy
C．concerns that schools deliberately neglect students
D．a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucratic
2、58. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.
[A] keeps someone from taking action
[B] helps to move the traffic
[C] attracts people’s attention
[D] brings someone a financial burden
3、阅读以下材料，回答题：
What is said about Legionnaire's disease?
4、Passage One Questions are based on the following passage．
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations．Later he used sharp bone or horn,metal knives and more recently,rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck，in surgical instrument terms，for many years．In the l960s a new tool was developed，one which was，first of all，to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry,but which was also，in time，to revolutionize the art and science of surgery, The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world，for a very large number of different complaints．The word“laser”means：light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation．As we all know,light is hot，any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—will give warmth．But light is usually spread out over a wide area．The Light in a laser beam，however，is concentrated．This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells．It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of human eye without harming the front of the eye，simply by passing a laser beam right though the eye-ball．No knives，no stitches，no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable。So much more difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting．Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective．Altogether,tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically．
Which of the following is NOT a tool used for surgical operations before the 1960s?
A．Bone．
B．Metal knives．
C．Scissors．
D．Rubber and plastic．
填空题
5、 She_________ (对我们的警告充耳不闻)and failed the test．
6、根据下列材料，回答47～56题：
请在（47）处填上答案。
7、It is true to say that the more we learn about other people， __________(我们就越能更好地理解他们的观点)and as a rule．the better we like those people．
8、Questions are based on the following passage.
One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common 36_________range from bad-mouthing (说……的坏话． another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much,according to a study 37 on Tuesday.
Most workers attend so-called happy hours to 38_________ with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear thelatest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder. com,an online job site.
As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow,16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague,10percent shared a secret about a colleague,8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much andacted 39_________ .5 percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent 40________ to singing karaoke.While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for 41_________,85 percent said attending had nothelped them get 42_________ to someone higher up or get a better position.
An equal number of men and women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least 43_________to attend.
Overall,21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those,44_________a quarter go at least once a month.
The survey was 45 _________online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder. com among 6,987 full-time employees.
A． bond
B．acknowledged
C． nearly
D． specially
E． anywhere
F． mishaps
G． obligated
H． likely
I． conducted
J． idly
K． unprofessionally
L． networking
M． released
N． confessed
O． researched
第(36)题__________。
简答题
9、
10、Leaving one’s job, _____________ (无论是什么工作), is a difficult change,even for those who look forward to retiring.
1、Directions : There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A , B ,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions are based on the following passage.
It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized( 官僚机构化), they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In doing so, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up. Thus, they do not facilitate(使便利) the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of children, parents and society at large.
It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric(花言巧语) and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that schools re-orient themselves towards their "clients". By doing so, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concerned, but such an approach also unleashes(发出)the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and reward.
Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by "educational" we mean the development of all within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, "the consumers". If teachers are seen as. part of this community, then their development is just as important.
If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words,free-market theories, granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.According to the author, criticism of schools arises from___________
A．a misunderstanding of schools officials
B．the high cost of education due to bureaucracy
C．concerns that schools deliberately neglect students
D．a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucratic
2、58. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.
[A] keeps someone from taking action
[B] helps to move the traffic
[C] attracts people’s attention
[D] brings someone a financial burden
3、阅读以下材料，回答题：
What is said about Legionnaire's disease?
4、Passage One Questions are based on the following passage．
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations．Later he used sharp bone or horn,metal knives and more recently,rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck，in surgical instrument terms，for many years．In the l960s a new tool was developed，one which was，first of all，to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry,but which was also，in time，to revolutionize the art and science of surgery, The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world，for a very large number of different complaints．The word“laser”means：light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation．As we all know,light is hot，any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—will give warmth．But light is usually spread out over a wide area．The Light in a laser beam，however，is concentrated．This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells．It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of human eye without harming the front of the eye，simply by passing a laser beam right though the eye-ball．No knives，no stitches，no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable。So much more difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting．Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective．Altogether,tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically．
Which of the following is NOT a tool used for surgical operations before the 1960s?
A．Bone．
B．Metal knives．
C．Scissors．
D．Rubber and plastic．
填空题
5、 She_________ (对我们的警告充耳不闻)and failed the test．
6、根据下列材料，回答47～56题：
请在（47）处填上答案。
7、It is true to say that the more we learn about other people， __________(我们就越能更好地理解他们的观点)and as a rule．the better we like those people．
8、Questions are based on the following passage.
One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common 36_________range from bad-mouthing (说……的坏话． another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much,according to a study 37 on Tuesday.
Most workers attend so-called happy hours to 38_________ with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear thelatest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder. com,an online job site.
As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow,16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague,10percent shared a secret about a colleague,8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much andacted 39_________ .5 percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent 40________ to singing karaoke.While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for 41_________,85 percent said attending had nothelped them get 42_________ to someone higher up or get a better position.
An equal number of men and women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least 43_________to attend.
Overall,21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those,44_________a quarter go at least once a month.
The survey was 45 _________online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder. com among 6,987 full-time employees.
A． bond
B．acknowledged
C． nearly
D． specially
E． anywhere
F． mishaps
G． obligated
H． likely
I． conducted
J． idly
K． unprofessionally
L． networking
M． released
N． confessed
O． researched
第(36)题__________。
简答题
9、
10、Leaving one’s job, _____________ (无论是什么工作), is a difficult change,even for those who look forward to retiring.
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