2014年英语四级考试每日一练(7月1日)
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单项选择题
1、根据材料回答题：
What kind of bill is the U．K．government considering?
A．A permanent DST across the country．
B．An extension of DST across the country．
C．A tryout of year-round DST across the country．
D．A lengthening DST for the purpose of enhancing tourism．
2、根据以下资料，回答题。
Not long ago, it was believed that women went to college in order to __________
A． A) find a husband
B． B) get smart in the marriage market
C． C) learn to be a good wife
D． D) marry someone with a bachelor's degree
3、
Questionsare based on the following passage.
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go
on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.
We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic ( 勤奋工作的美德 ) and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard's 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity" report for more attention to the "forgotten half" (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.
Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a know.ledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positio~_s that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化) by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预 ) will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.
What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A．It benefits the great majority of the general population.
B．It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
C．It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
D．It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.
填空题
4、 The membership of the House is distributed among the states__(根据这些州不同的人口)．
5、Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questionsare based on the following passage.
On the night of September 2, 1666, a fire broke out in a baker's shop near Fish Street Hill in London. Before the flames were finally put out, 1 the entire city had been reduced to ashes.
The great fire was not seen as a total tragedy, however. The terrible conditions of the city had been attacked for years before the fire. Thus, with the 2 to create a shining new city, many people hurried to submit their designs of the rebuilding of London But the task of 3 the city was given to Sir Christopher Wren. Wren realized that the Great Fire would not have been so 4 if the city had been better laid out. Broader streets were needed to replace the crooked, narrow alleys overhung with poor wooden houses and shops. He also felt that 5 the main thorough fares of London would result in increased and more 6 transportation within city When the plans were unveiled to the citizens of London, however, they were overwhelmingly rejected. Many people feared that such widening of the streets would 7 the amount of land available for development.
Winter was approaching; consequently, it was necessary for the rebuilding to 8 at once Permission was, therefore, granted for the town's people to begin reconstruction of their houses and shops at the sites where they had been before the fire. Had the need for immediate action not been so pressing, some kind of 9 could likely have been reached. This was not to be, however, and the idea that could have made London one of the world's most beautiful cities never came 10 .
A possibility F．redesigning K．damaging
B．compromise G．prompting L．opportunity
C．preferable H reduce M．real
D．actually I．proceed N．rebuilding
E．true
Before the flames were finally put out, 1 the entire city had been reduced to ashes.
6、Considering that Tom had worked for the company for 30 years,__________(经理建议不要降低他的工资).
7、Most of my classmates would like that job, therefore,____________________(要得到那份工作，竞争将会很激烈)．
8、Yesterday Jack and his friends celebrated his nineteenth birthday,__________(尽情地唱歌跳舞).
9、5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?
[A] Find more effective drugs for them.
[B] Provide more green spaces for them.
[C] Place them under more personal care.
[D] Engage them in more meaningful activities.
10、Hate Your Job? Here's How to Reshape It
Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so ifs more fruitful than futile.
"We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities," says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. "But what if you set aside that mind-set?" If you could adjust what you do, she says, "who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with?"
To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. They're working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobs--even mundane (平凡的) ones---more meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments.
Step 1: Rethink Your Job--Creatively
"The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do," says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. You first analyze how much
time, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation( 分配). See I0 perfect jobs for the recession--and after.
Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burt's Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasn't part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firm's manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.
Barbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, says it's crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. "Doing so," she says, "will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving-and most life-draining."
Many of us get stuck in ruts (惯例 ). Berg, a Ph.D. student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodically rethinking what we do. "Even in the most
constraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room," he says. "Small changes can have a real impact on life at work."
Step 2: Diagram Your Day
To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually do at work. Then you can dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting exercise calls your "strengths, motives and passions" into your daily routine. You convert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end result is an "after" diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.
lna Lockau-Vogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust her priorities. "Before, 1 would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never
had time to address the real important issues." As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.
In contrast to business books that counsel, managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day. Given that according to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six months to find a new position, it's crucial to make the most of the job you've got.
Step 3: Identify Job Loves and Hates
By reorienting (使适应 ) how you think about your job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy. Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologically incompetent callers. He might enjoy
teaching more than customer service. By spending more time instructing colleagues--and treating help-line callers as curious students of tech--the disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5 position.
Dutton, a professor at the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting process. "They come in looking worn down, but after spending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking about three or four things they can do differently."
"They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized," says Dutton, who parmered with Wrzesniewski on the original job-crafting research.
Step 4: Put Your Ideas into Action To conclude the job-crafting process, participants list specific follow-up steps: Many plan a one-0n-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas. Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks. Berg says as long as their goals are met, many managers are happy to let employees adjust how they work.
Job-crafting isn't about revenue, per se, but juicing up ( 活跃 ) employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line. Amid salary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled. Surveys show that more than 50% aren't happy
with what they do. Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue that emphasizing enjoyment can boost efficiency by lowering turnover rates and jacking up productivity. Job-crafting won't rid you of a lousy boss or a subpar salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction. If you can't ditch or switch a job, at least make it more likable.
阅读以上短文，回答题
A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, what would he/she do?
[A] Resign or bear it.
[B] Argue with the boss.
[C] Do it well or quit.
[D] Complain every day.
1、根据材料回答题：
What kind of bill is the U．K．government considering?
A．A permanent DST across the country．
B．An extension of DST across the country．
C．A tryout of year-round DST across the country．
D．A lengthening DST for the purpose of enhancing tourism．
2、根据以下资料，回答题。
Not long ago, it was believed that women went to college in order to __________
A． A) find a husband
B． B) get smart in the marriage market
C． C) learn to be a good wife
D． D) marry someone with a bachelor's degree
3、
Questionsare based on the following passage.
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go
on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.
We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic ( 勤奋工作的美德 ) and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard's 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity" report for more attention to the "forgotten half" (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.
Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a know.ledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positio~_s that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化) by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预 ) will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.
What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A．It benefits the great majority of the general population.
B．It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
C．It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
D．It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.
填空题
4、 The membership of the House is distributed among the states__(根据这些州不同的人口)．
5、Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questionsare based on the following passage.
On the night of September 2, 1666, a fire broke out in a baker's shop near Fish Street Hill in London. Before the flames were finally put out, 1 the entire city had been reduced to ashes.
The great fire was not seen as a total tragedy, however. The terrible conditions of the city had been attacked for years before the fire. Thus, with the 2 to create a shining new city, many people hurried to submit their designs of the rebuilding of London But the task of 3 the city was given to Sir Christopher Wren. Wren realized that the Great Fire would not have been so 4 if the city had been better laid out. Broader streets were needed to replace the crooked, narrow alleys overhung with poor wooden houses and shops. He also felt that 5 the main thorough fares of London would result in increased and more 6 transportation within city When the plans were unveiled to the citizens of London, however, they were overwhelmingly rejected. Many people feared that such widening of the streets would 7 the amount of land available for development.
Winter was approaching; consequently, it was necessary for the rebuilding to 8 at once Permission was, therefore, granted for the town's people to begin reconstruction of their houses and shops at the sites where they had been before the fire. Had the need for immediate action not been so pressing, some kind of 9 could likely have been reached. This was not to be, however, and the idea that could have made London one of the world's most beautiful cities never came 10 .
A possibility F．redesigning K．damaging
B．compromise G．prompting L．opportunity
C．preferable H reduce M．real
D．actually I．proceed N．rebuilding
E．true
Before the flames were finally put out, 1 the entire city had been reduced to ashes.
6、Considering that Tom had worked for the company for 30 years,__________(经理建议不要降低他的工资).
7、Most of my classmates would like that job, therefore,____________________(要得到那份工作，竞争将会很激烈)．
8、Yesterday Jack and his friends celebrated his nineteenth birthday,__________(尽情地唱歌跳舞).
9、5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?
[A] Find more effective drugs for them.
[B] Provide more green spaces for them.
[C] Place them under more personal care.
[D] Engage them in more meaningful activities.
10、Hate Your Job? Here's How to Reshape It
Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so ifs more fruitful than futile.
"We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities," says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. "But what if you set aside that mind-set?" If you could adjust what you do, she says, "who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with?"
To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. They're working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobs--even mundane (平凡的) ones---more meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments.
Step 1: Rethink Your Job--Creatively
"The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do," says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. You first analyze how much
time, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation( 分配). See I0 perfect jobs for the recession--and after.
Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burt's Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasn't part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firm's manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.
Barbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, says it's crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. "Doing so," she says, "will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving-and most life-draining."
Many of us get stuck in ruts (惯例 ). Berg, a Ph.D. student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodically rethinking what we do. "Even in the most
constraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room," he says. "Small changes can have a real impact on life at work."
Step 2: Diagram Your Day
To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually do at work. Then you can dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting exercise calls your "strengths, motives and passions" into your daily routine. You convert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end result is an "after" diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.
lna Lockau-Vogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust her priorities. "Before, 1 would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never
had time to address the real important issues." As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.
In contrast to business books that counsel, managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day. Given that according to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six months to find a new position, it's crucial to make the most of the job you've got.
Step 3: Identify Job Loves and Hates
By reorienting (使适应 ) how you think about your job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy. Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologically incompetent callers. He might enjoy
teaching more than customer service. By spending more time instructing colleagues--and treating help-line callers as curious students of tech--the disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5 position.
Dutton, a professor at the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting process. "They come in looking worn down, but after spending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking about three or four things they can do differently."
"They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized," says Dutton, who parmered with Wrzesniewski on the original job-crafting research.
Step 4: Put Your Ideas into Action To conclude the job-crafting process, participants list specific follow-up steps: Many plan a one-0n-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas. Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks. Berg says as long as their goals are met, many managers are happy to let employees adjust how they work.
Job-crafting isn't about revenue, per se, but juicing up ( 活跃 ) employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line. Amid salary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled. Surveys show that more than 50% aren't happy
with what they do. Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue that emphasizing enjoyment can boost efficiency by lowering turnover rates and jacking up productivity. Job-crafting won't rid you of a lousy boss or a subpar salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction. If you can't ditch or switch a job, at least make it more likable.
阅读以上短文，回答题
A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, what would he/she do?
[A] Resign or bear it.
[B] Argue with the boss.
[C] Do it well or quit.
[D] Complain every day.
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