2014年英语四级考试每日一练(7月10日)
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单项选择题
1、Questionsare based on the following passage.
If a mother pushes her small son in a swing (秋千), giving only a light force each time he returns, eventually he will be swinging quite high. The child can do this for himself by using his legs to increase the motion, but both the mother's push and the child's leg movements must occur at the proper moment, or the extent of the swing will not increase. In physics, increasing the swing is increasing the amplitude ( 振幅 ); the length of the rope on the swing determines its natural oscillation ( 摆动 ) period. This ability of an object to move periodically or to vibrate when stimulated by a force operating in its natural period is called resonance.
Resonance is observed many times without consciously thinking about it; for example, one may find an annoying vibration or shimmy in an automobile, caused by a loose engine mount vibrating with increasing amplitude because of an out- of-round tire. The bulge ( 凸出部分) on the tire slaps the pavement with each revolution; at the natural resonance point of the engine mount, it will begin to vibrate. Such vibrations can result in considerable damage if allowed to persist. Another destructive example of resonance is the shattering of a crystal goblet by the production of a musical tone at the natural resonant point of the goblet. The energy of the sound waves causes vibration in the glass; as its amplitude increases, the motion in the glass exceeds the elasticity of the goblet, and it shatters.
An instrument called a tachometer (转速计) makes use of the principle of resonance. It consists of many tiny bars, loosely fastened together and arranged so that each bar can slide independently of the others. Movement of the bars causes changes in a dial. When placed next to a rotating motor or engine, the tachometer picks up slight vibrations which are transferred to the resonant bars. These bars begin to move, and the resulting dial may be read to find the revolutions per minute of the motor very quickly.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
An object, if moving rhythmically when stimulated in a natural period, is said to __
A．vibrate
B．resonate
C．swing
D．oscillate
2、Directions：In this part，you will have l5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet l．For questions l-7，choose the best answer from the four choices markedA，B，C and D．For questions 8-10，complete the sentences With the information given in the passage．
Indoor Pollution
Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of devastating effects of large—scale environmental pollution．Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the shortsighted，selfish policies of the already industrialized countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of its natural resources．
While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure，as do acts of environmental sabotage，it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale．A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home．The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbor not only caused serious damage to the harbor fore— shores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen．
Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job．Try not to inhale traffic fumes：keep away from chemical plants and building sites；wear a mask when cycling．It is enough to make you want to stay at home．But that，according to a growing body of scientific evidence，would also be a bad idea．Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases。particulate matter and other chemical nasties are usually higher indoors than out，even in the most polluted cities．Since the average American spends l 8 hours indoors for every hour outside．it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target．
The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia How- ard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing, machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air.
Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals,' most of them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. Dr. Corsi wondered whether they stay there when water is used, or whether they end up in the air that people breathe. The team conducted a series of experiments in which known quantities of five such chemicals were mixed with water and passed through a dishwasher, a washing machine, a s
3、根据以下材料回答题：
What does the first paragraph say about the "penny press?"
4、根据下列材料，请回答题：
questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
What makes a group intelligent? You might think a group's IQ would t esimply the aveiage intelligence of the group's members, or perhaps the intelligence of the team's smartest participant, But researchers who study groups have found that this isn't so.
Rather, a group's intelligence emerges the interactions that go on Within the group. A teams intelligence can be measured, and like an individual's IQ scere, it can accurately predict the team's performance on a Wide variety of tasks. And just as an individual's intelligence is expandable, a group's intelligence can alsobe increased. Here are five suggestions on how to guide the developttment of smart teams:
Chose team members carefully, The smartest groups are composed of people who are good at reading one another's social cues, according to a study led by Carnegie Mellon University professor Anita Williams Woolley and published in the journal Science.
Talk about the “how”. Many members of teams don't like to spend time talking about “process”, preferring to get right down to work--but Woolley notes that groups who take the time to discuss how they Will Work together aice ultimately more efficient and effective.
share the floor: In the most intelligent teams, found Woolley, members take turns speaking Participants who dominate the discussion or who hang back and don't say much bring down, the
What do we learn about a group's IQ?
A．It equals the total intelligence of the group members.
B．It determines the interactions among the group members.
C．It can help measure an individual's IQ score in the group.
D．It can help predict the group's performance on various tasks.
填空题
5、William promised to__________(不是周五就是周六之前向导师呈交论文)．
6、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night's sleep helps your body fight a cold.
People who 47 fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being 48 to the Cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found.
Researchers used frequent telephone 49 to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they exposed the 50 to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept track of who got sick.
51 sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as "sleep efficiency"--the percentage of time in bed that you're 52 sleeping--were also less likely to get sick.
The results held true even after researchers adjusted for 53 such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre- existing antibodies to the virus, Like your grandmother, the researchers aren't exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold.
But they do take a stab at the answer: "Sleep 54 influences the regulation ofproinflammatory cytokines, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in 55 to infection." In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you're infected with the cold virus 56 to the symptoms that define a cold.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
请作答（47）______
7、回答题：
Whatabout the Jamaican teachers impressed the author most
8、This lovely old town has _____________ (一种在大城市里找不到的魅力).
9、I finally got the job I dreamed about．Never before in my life_______(我感到如此激动)!
简答题
10、
1、Questionsare based on the following passage.
If a mother pushes her small son in a swing (秋千), giving only a light force each time he returns, eventually he will be swinging quite high. The child can do this for himself by using his legs to increase the motion, but both the mother's push and the child's leg movements must occur at the proper moment, or the extent of the swing will not increase. In physics, increasing the swing is increasing the amplitude ( 振幅 ); the length of the rope on the swing determines its natural oscillation ( 摆动 ) period. This ability of an object to move periodically or to vibrate when stimulated by a force operating in its natural period is called resonance.
Resonance is observed many times without consciously thinking about it; for example, one may find an annoying vibration or shimmy in an automobile, caused by a loose engine mount vibrating with increasing amplitude because of an out- of-round tire. The bulge ( 凸出部分) on the tire slaps the pavement with each revolution; at the natural resonance point of the engine mount, it will begin to vibrate. Such vibrations can result in considerable damage if allowed to persist. Another destructive example of resonance is the shattering of a crystal goblet by the production of a musical tone at the natural resonant point of the goblet. The energy of the sound waves causes vibration in the glass; as its amplitude increases, the motion in the glass exceeds the elasticity of the goblet, and it shatters.
An instrument called a tachometer (转速计) makes use of the principle of resonance. It consists of many tiny bars, loosely fastened together and arranged so that each bar can slide independently of the others. Movement of the bars causes changes in a dial. When placed next to a rotating motor or engine, the tachometer picks up slight vibrations which are transferred to the resonant bars. These bars begin to move, and the resulting dial may be read to find the revolutions per minute of the motor very quickly.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
An object, if moving rhythmically when stimulated in a natural period, is said to __
A．vibrate
B．resonate
C．swing
D．oscillate
2、Directions：In this part，you will have l5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet l．For questions l-7，choose the best answer from the four choices markedA，B，C and D．For questions 8-10，complete the sentences With the information given in the passage．
Indoor Pollution
Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of devastating effects of large—scale environmental pollution．Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the shortsighted，selfish policies of the already industrialized countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of its natural resources．
While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure，as do acts of environmental sabotage，it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale．A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home．The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbor not only caused serious damage to the harbor fore— shores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen．
Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job．Try not to inhale traffic fumes：keep away from chemical plants and building sites；wear a mask when cycling．It is enough to make you want to stay at home．But that，according to a growing body of scientific evidence，would also be a bad idea．Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases。particulate matter and other chemical nasties are usually higher indoors than out，even in the most polluted cities．Since the average American spends l 8 hours indoors for every hour outside．it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target．
The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia How- ard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing, machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air.
Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals,' most of them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. Dr. Corsi wondered whether they stay there when water is used, or whether they end up in the air that people breathe. The team conducted a series of experiments in which known quantities of five such chemicals were mixed with water and passed through a dishwasher, a washing machine, a s
3、根据以下材料回答题：
What does the first paragraph say about the "penny press?"
4、根据下列材料，请回答题：
questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
What makes a group intelligent? You might think a group's IQ would t esimply the aveiage intelligence of the group's members, or perhaps the intelligence of the team's smartest participant, But researchers who study groups have found that this isn't so.
Rather, a group's intelligence emerges the interactions that go on Within the group. A teams intelligence can be measured, and like an individual's IQ scere, it can accurately predict the team's performance on a Wide variety of tasks. And just as an individual's intelligence is expandable, a group's intelligence can alsobe increased. Here are five suggestions on how to guide the developttment of smart teams:
Chose team members carefully, The smartest groups are composed of people who are good at reading one another's social cues, according to a study led by Carnegie Mellon University professor Anita Williams Woolley and published in the journal Science.
Talk about the “how”. Many members of teams don't like to spend time talking about “process”, preferring to get right down to work--but Woolley notes that groups who take the time to discuss how they Will Work together aice ultimately more efficient and effective.
share the floor: In the most intelligent teams, found Woolley, members take turns speaking Participants who dominate the discussion or who hang back and don't say much bring down, the
What do we learn about a group's IQ?
A．It equals the total intelligence of the group members.
B．It determines the interactions among the group members.
C．It can help measure an individual's IQ score in the group.
D．It can help predict the group's performance on various tasks.
填空题
5、William promised to__________(不是周五就是周六之前向导师呈交论文)．
6、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night's sleep helps your body fight a cold.
People who 47 fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being 48 to the Cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found.
Researchers used frequent telephone 49 to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they exposed the 50 to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept track of who got sick.
51 sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as "sleep efficiency"--the percentage of time in bed that you're 52 sleeping--were also less likely to get sick.
The results held true even after researchers adjusted for 53 such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre- existing antibodies to the virus, Like your grandmother, the researchers aren't exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold.
But they do take a stab at the answer: "Sleep 54 influences the regulation ofproinflammatory cytokines, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in 55 to infection." In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you're infected with the cold virus 56 to the symptoms that define a cold.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
请作答（47）______
7、回答题：
Whatabout the Jamaican teachers impressed the author most
8、This lovely old town has _____________ (一种在大城市里找不到的魅力).
9、I finally got the job I dreamed about．Never before in my life_______(我感到如此激动)!
简答题
10、
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