2014年英语四级考试每日一练(7月16日)
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单项选择题
1、Directions：In this part，you will have l5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet l．For questions l-7，choose the best answer from the four choices markedA，B，C and D．For questions 8-10，complete the sentences With the information given in the passage．
Indoor Pollution
Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of devastating effects of large—scale environmental pollution．Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the shortsighted，selfish policies of the already industrialized countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of its natural resources．
While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure，as do acts of environmental sabotage，it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale．A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home．The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbor not only caused serious damage to the harbor fore— shores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen．
Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job．Try not to inhale traffic fumes：keep away from chemical plants and building sites；wear a mask when cycling．It is enough to make you want to stay at home．But that，according to a growing body of scientific evidence，would also be a bad idea．Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases。particulate matter and other chemical nasties are usually higher indoors than out，even in the most polluted cities．Since the average American spends l 8 hours indoors for every hour outside．it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target．
The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia How- ard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing, machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air.
Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals,' most of them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. Dr. Corsi wondered whether they stay there when water is used, or whether they end up in the air that people breathe. The team conducted a series of experiments in which known quantities of five such chemicals were mixed with water and passed through a dishwasher, a washing machine, a s
2、60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.
[A] do financially more rewarding work
[B] raise his status in the academic world
[C] enrich his experience in medical research
[D] exploit better intellectual opportunities
3、Questionsare based on the following passage.
One major reason for Germany's high unemployment and the evident weakness of business investment is the nature of the tax system, which tends to discourage both individual effort and investment. Nominal corporate tax rates are, in fact, very high and it is these rates that potential investors primarily look at. However, the actual burden borne by companies is not as great as it might seem, because the tax base is fairly narrow. This combination in itself tends to encourage tax avoidance at both the personal and corporate levels. Moreover, by international standards, firms in Germany are still taxed quite heavily.
A reform of corporate taxation, therefore, should start by reducing tax rates, cutting subsidies and broadening the taxable base.The resulting positive impact on growth would be reinforced if there were also a substantial easing of the net burden.
How do the current plans for a reform of corporate taxation measure up. to these goals? The overall tax burden on companies is to be brought down significantly, with the ceiling of 35% being set. To this end, a dramatic reduction in the corporate tax on retained earnings is planned. The related drop in revenues is to be offset by changes in the roles governing tax breaks.
An approach incorporating these basic features would be a welcome step. If realized in its present form, it should ensure that the objective of making tax rates more attractive for businesses is achieved. At the same time, however, it would be unfortunate if an excessive broadening of the taxable base made it impossible to attain the equally important goal of providing relief.
Comprehensive tax reform is needed in Germany to spur investment and to create new jobs, thus putting the economy on a higher growth path. The drop in revenues caused by the tax relief granted to both companies and households would, in time, be at least partially offset by the larger volume of tax receipts produced by economic growth. The gaps that remained should primarily be closed through spending cuts. If measure of this sort proved inadequate, then, as a last resort, an increase in indirect taxes could perhaps be considered.The author of the passage mainly intends to__________
A．criticize Germany's tax system
B．help companies ease their tax burden
C．propose ways to reform the tax system
D．examine the current corporate tax rates
4、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you've visited. Orperhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out yourshopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it's likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without yourpermission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, theywill see you in a way you never intended to be seen--the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it's important to reveal yourself to friends, family and loversin stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In somecases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where yousimply cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
For many Americans, the answer apparently is "no."
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey foundan overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is"slipping away, and that bothers me."
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effortto preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacyeconomist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information likeSocial Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon(优惠劵).
But privacy does matter--at least sometimes. It's like health: When you have it, you don't notice it. Only when
it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.
What does the author mean by saying "the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked" (Line 3, Para.2 )?
A．People's personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
B．In the 21 st century people try every means to look into others' secrets.
C．People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
D．Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.
填空题
5、Anyone___________(能忍受那里差的工作条件的人)there can take the job．
6、
7、
根据你所听到的回答题：
请在（36）处填上答案。
8、He thought he could talk Mr. Robinson _____________ (购买一些昂贵的设备).
9、She shut the window lest____________________ (外面的噪声会打扰她儿子睡觉)．
简答题
10、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Popularity of Shanzhai. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.
1．现在“山寨”很流行
2．人们对此看法不一
3．我的看法
Popularity of Shanzhai
1、Directions：In this part，you will have l5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet l．For questions l-7，choose the best answer from the four choices markedA，B，C and D．For questions 8-10，complete the sentences With the information given in the passage．
Indoor Pollution
Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of devastating effects of large—scale environmental pollution．Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the shortsighted，selfish policies of the already industrialized countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of its natural resources．
While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure，as do acts of environmental sabotage，it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale．A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home．The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbor not only caused serious damage to the harbor fore— shores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen．
Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job．Try not to inhale traffic fumes：keep away from chemical plants and building sites；wear a mask when cycling．It is enough to make you want to stay at home．But that，according to a growing body of scientific evidence，would also be a bad idea．Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases。particulate matter and other chemical nasties are usually higher indoors than out，even in the most polluted cities．Since the average American spends l 8 hours indoors for every hour outside．it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target．
The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia How- ard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing, machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air.
Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals,' most of them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. Dr. Corsi wondered whether they stay there when water is used, or whether they end up in the air that people breathe. The team conducted a series of experiments in which known quantities of five such chemicals were mixed with water and passed through a dishwasher, a washing machine, a s
2、60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.
[A] do financially more rewarding work
[B] raise his status in the academic world
[C] enrich his experience in medical research
[D] exploit better intellectual opportunities
3、Questionsare based on the following passage.
One major reason for Germany's high unemployment and the evident weakness of business investment is the nature of the tax system, which tends to discourage both individual effort and investment. Nominal corporate tax rates are, in fact, very high and it is these rates that potential investors primarily look at. However, the actual burden borne by companies is not as great as it might seem, because the tax base is fairly narrow. This combination in itself tends to encourage tax avoidance at both the personal and corporate levels. Moreover, by international standards, firms in Germany are still taxed quite heavily.
A reform of corporate taxation, therefore, should start by reducing tax rates, cutting subsidies and broadening the taxable base.The resulting positive impact on growth would be reinforced if there were also a substantial easing of the net burden.
How do the current plans for a reform of corporate taxation measure up. to these goals? The overall tax burden on companies is to be brought down significantly, with the ceiling of 35% being set. To this end, a dramatic reduction in the corporate tax on retained earnings is planned. The related drop in revenues is to be offset by changes in the roles governing tax breaks.
An approach incorporating these basic features would be a welcome step. If realized in its present form, it should ensure that the objective of making tax rates more attractive for businesses is achieved. At the same time, however, it would be unfortunate if an excessive broadening of the taxable base made it impossible to attain the equally important goal of providing relief.
Comprehensive tax reform is needed in Germany to spur investment and to create new jobs, thus putting the economy on a higher growth path. The drop in revenues caused by the tax relief granted to both companies and households would, in time, be at least partially offset by the larger volume of tax receipts produced by economic growth. The gaps that remained should primarily be closed through spending cuts. If measure of this sort proved inadequate, then, as a last resort, an increase in indirect taxes could perhaps be considered.The author of the passage mainly intends to__________
A．criticize Germany's tax system
B．help companies ease their tax burden
C．propose ways to reform the tax system
D．examine the current corporate tax rates
4、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you've visited. Orperhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out yourshopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it's likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without yourpermission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, theywill see you in a way you never intended to be seen--the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it's important to reveal yourself to friends, family and loversin stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In somecases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where yousimply cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
For many Americans, the answer apparently is "no."
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey foundan overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is"slipping away, and that bothers me."
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effortto preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacyeconomist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information likeSocial Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon(优惠劵).
But privacy does matter--at least sometimes. It's like health: When you have it, you don't notice it. Only when
it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.
What does the author mean by saying "the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked" (Line 3, Para.2 )?
A．People's personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
B．In the 21 st century people try every means to look into others' secrets.
C．People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
D．Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.
填空题
5、Anyone___________(能忍受那里差的工作条件的人)there can take the job．
6、
7、
点击播放
根据你所听到的回答题：
请在（36）处填上答案。
8、He thought he could talk Mr. Robinson _____________ (购买一些昂贵的设备).
9、She shut the window lest____________________ (外面的噪声会打扰她儿子睡觉)．
简答题
10、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Popularity of Shanzhai. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.
1．现在“山寨”很流行
2．人们对此看法不一
3．我的看法
Popularity of Shanzhai
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