2014年英语四级考试每日一练(7月17日)
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单项选择题
1、Questionare based on the following passage. When the Earth shook here on March 26th, 2000, it helped geologists to figure out how the Earth around Seattle would shake during the real thing less than a year later.
When Seattle's Kingdome was demolished with explosives, more than 200 seismic recorders caught every rattle and roll.
Tom Brochcr of the U.S. Geological Survey says, "You can see the red waves traveling away from the Kingdome. "
The areas that shook the worst then also shook the worst when the six point eight (on the Richter scale ) Nisqually earthquake hit.
"'We shouldn't be surprised to see damage at Boeing field and at the port of Seattle where we did see damage, because in both of those areas the ground shook longer and harder than other parts of Seattle."
It's what's known as a slab quake (located) 36 miles below the surface where the Juan de Fuca plate slab is diving underneath the North American plate. Geologists believe the plate bent, causing it to crack, and sending shock waves to the surface.
Tom Brocher says, "As soon as we knew it was a deep earthquake--that it was this type of earthquake-we immediately put out the word that we should expect very few aftershocks. ”
There were only 4. In San Francisco's Loma Prieta earthquake here in 1989 which was closer to the surface, there were 120 afiershocks. The fact that "deep-focus" earthquakes have fewer afrershocks still puzzles geologists.
Brocher says, "What we can tell people is you're not going to have these ( aftershocks ). What we can't tell them why. And that's a research issue. ""
Geologists say the Nisqually quake originated from almost the same spot as the 1949 quake there, and had the same damage patterns. There were fewer landslides this year because of the lack of rain.
Over the next year and hal~ researchers want to set offexplosives at the surface near Seattle, aimed at the slab 37 miles below.
The waves will then bounce offthe slab and reflect back to the surface giving information about where the plate is and how it's moving. So, before the Earth moves again, geologists will have an idea which places might be destined to shake the hardest.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。According to the passage, what caused the Earth around Seattle shake on March 26th, 2000?
A． Nisqually earthquak
B． Explosive
C． Loma Prieta earthquak
D． Aftershock
填空题
2、 Everything taken into account，the company decides to___________(推迟发布新产品)．
3、________ (这份工作吸引我的地方)is the salary and the possibility of foreign travel．
4、Can We Replant the Planet's Rainforests?
It's hard not to be impressed by rainfurests. Towering, aged trees called emergants stretch almost 250 feet (76 meters) into the air, surpassing the interwoven canopy that both covers and houses more than half of the world's species. Though rainforests contain nearly half of all the planet's trees, they only cover about 7 percent of the surface of the land.
Despite the importance of rainforests, deforestation practices continue. Though the term can apply to natural causes like forest fires, it's commonly linked to human activities, like logging, agriculture and mining--all important for our economy. But by stripping (剥夺 ) the land of these resources, we must accept the consequences of our actions. Chopping down rainforests increases the likelihood of soil erosion, landslides and flooding. It also decreases biodiversity and medical resources. More than 25 percent of modern medicine is derived from rainfurest plants, and only 1 percent of rainforest plant species have been studied for potential medicinal uses. Deforestation also destroys the homelands of indigenous cultures and affects the livelihoods Of millions of other people, many of whom live in the world's poorest regions.
In an effort to counteract this destruction, conservation efforts are blossoming across the globe. Among these are reforestation projects, aimed at increasing the amount of living trees and physically linking remaining forests together, to combat habitat loss and prevent species extinction.
There arc many challenges facing these projects. Firstly, rainforests arc full of ancient, gigantic trees; these aren't the saplings you buy at your local nursery. Much of the action of a rainforest's ecosystem takes place in the lofty upper reaches,which can present problems for reforestation efforts since towering trees take decades to grow. Secondly, rainforest trees closely rely on their evolutionary playmates--the surrounding flora and fauna--to create the delicate conditions needed to sustain functions such as nutrient cycles and pollination.
So while rainfurests provide a flourishing (欣欣向荣的) habitat for life, the success of that habitat relies on a fragile balance of ecological factors. Take away the trees and you have a major problem. But if the soil's bacteria and other microorganisms (微生物 ), which break down the nutrient-rich organic matter that tumbles to the dark forest floor, arc also eliminated, the rainfurest is destroyed. If the insects and birds that act as critical pollinators go extinct, life will falter.
So, can we push up our sleeves, grab a shovel, dig in and just start replanting the rainforests? To a certain extent, we can.
However, while efforts at reforestation have significant value, they're usually not as crucial as preserving existing rainforests.
Rainforest conservation is just as important as trying to reforest other areas.
Reforestation can be accomplished by nature, by humans or through a combination of the two. Some reforestation efforts focus on growing forests quickly because these woodlands are key to many of Earth's natural cycles, such as the carbon and water cycles. Replanting deforested land with quick-growing exotic tree species, like eucalyptus or Australian acacia, can help solve immediate problems such as soil erosion and elevated carbon levels.
However, exotic trees may make the land unsuitable for future rainforest cultivation by changing the soil's original characteristics. Scientists need to study individual situations to determine what type of impact each foreign species will make on the area's microbial life, and what the appropriate choices are for reforestation. On a positive note, fast-growing secondary forests and tree farms can replace primary forests as a source for agricultural and energy needs. A primary forest is basically one that's undisturbed by humans and has suffered very few ecological disruptions ( ep~l ). There are several other names for a primary forest, such as old growth and primeval forest. A secondary forest is one that has regrown after a destructive event, like a fire or logging. Primary forests usually have much higher levels of biodiversity than secondary ones, which is part of the reason conservationists are trying to save old growth.
In areas where deforestation is severe, remaining patches of primary forests are often located at great distances from other surviving rainforests or reforested regions. This makes animal survival and recolonization, as well as plant cross-pollination, difficult and can impede efforts to sustain actual rainforest ecology. Although the parcels of vegetative land can increase the chance of some species' short-term survival, researchers say the species are likely doomed to extinction over the long tema.
One-way conservationists seek to protect rainforest species is to reforest the corridors of trees that lie between rainforest parcels. This gives plants and animals access to a larger habitat and the chance to mix with other populations, which can boost their genetic diversity and help prevent extinction through isolation for most species. Conservationists can help cultivate these arboreal arteries into supportable rainforest habitats by working to have these corridors widened. The wider the corridors are, the safer they become for migrating animals to use.
It's also important to reforest and enlarge areas adjacent to these surviving parcels. This provides an easy means for species to inhabit new territory and expand viable rainforest ecology.
Researchers are exploring several options for improving and easing reforestation efforts. One inventive method involves bats. Installing man-made bat roosts in deforested areas can encourage these uniquely flight-enabled mammals (like the spectacled flying fox) to spread seeds and begin the process of rainforest regeneration. Activities like installing bat roosts are examples of how people are a part of natural reforestation efforts.
Reforestation efforts are sprouting up all around the world. Numerous conservation groups are working to preserve, enlarge and connect the world's rainforests. Let's take a closer look at some of those projects.
Rwanda's government and various ecological groups are paying special attention to the Gishwati Forest Reserve. Once a vast rainforest, activities such as deforestation and refugee resettlement reduced it to a fraction of its original size around the turn of the century. Since then, reforestation has somewhat increased the size of the forest, but it remains a sliver of its original size.
A project called the Rwandan National Conservation Park is gaining momentum, and those people involved with the project are working to bring the rainforest back and connect it with larger, surviving rainforests nearby. These individuals and organizations are looking to accomplish this through the use of wide tree corridors. They also plan to increase the acreage of the core forest and study the ecology of the forest's animals, particularly its chimpanzees.
According the passage, what activities destroy the rainforests?
[A] All human activities,
[B] Forest fires, farming and mining.
[C] Logging only.
[D] Soil erosion, landslides and flooding.
5、__________ (出现了很多困难)as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel．
6、Unit 8
Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now 11 . Just a few years ago, it was 12 impolite behavior for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a 13 of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.
Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it 14 ? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one in your lap, or on the table?
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also 15 a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. 16 is important both in England and in America. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock, the dinner guest either arrives 17 to that time or calls up to explain his 18
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable— 19 if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the 20 calmly picked up his knife
and began eating in the same way.
7、Unit 10
Does a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to 11 food sources and back to the hive, using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? To use Donald Griffin's term, does a bee have "awareness", or to use a 12 I like better, can a bee think and imagine?
There is an experiment for this, or at least an 13 , made long ago by Karl Von Frisch and more recently 14 by James Gould at Princeton. Biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to 15 their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular intervals, the dish or whatever is moved 16 farther and farther from the hive, increasing about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the 17 is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologists 18 the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, 19 where the 20 position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.
8、第31题为（ ）
简答题
9、
1．网上交友现象越来越普遍。
2．这种做法有利有弊。
3．我的建议。
10、1．目前，各高校均对大一新生进行军训
2．有人赞成，有人反对
3．我的观点
Is It Necessary to Continue Military Training for Freshmen?
1、Questionare based on the following passage. When the Earth shook here on March 26th, 2000, it helped geologists to figure out how the Earth around Seattle would shake during the real thing less than a year later.
When Seattle's Kingdome was demolished with explosives, more than 200 seismic recorders caught every rattle and roll.
Tom Brochcr of the U.S. Geological Survey says, "You can see the red waves traveling away from the Kingdome. "
The areas that shook the worst then also shook the worst when the six point eight (on the Richter scale ) Nisqually earthquake hit.
"'We shouldn't be surprised to see damage at Boeing field and at the port of Seattle where we did see damage, because in both of those areas the ground shook longer and harder than other parts of Seattle."
It's what's known as a slab quake (located) 36 miles below the surface where the Juan de Fuca plate slab is diving underneath the North American plate. Geologists believe the plate bent, causing it to crack, and sending shock waves to the surface.
Tom Brocher says, "As soon as we knew it was a deep earthquake--that it was this type of earthquake-we immediately put out the word that we should expect very few aftershocks. ”
There were only 4. In San Francisco's Loma Prieta earthquake here in 1989 which was closer to the surface, there were 120 afiershocks. The fact that "deep-focus" earthquakes have fewer afrershocks still puzzles geologists.
Brocher says, "What we can tell people is you're not going to have these ( aftershocks ). What we can't tell them why. And that's a research issue. ""
Geologists say the Nisqually quake originated from almost the same spot as the 1949 quake there, and had the same damage patterns. There were fewer landslides this year because of the lack of rain.
Over the next year and hal~ researchers want to set offexplosives at the surface near Seattle, aimed at the slab 37 miles below.
The waves will then bounce offthe slab and reflect back to the surface giving information about where the plate is and how it's moving. So, before the Earth moves again, geologists will have an idea which places might be destined to shake the hardest.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。According to the passage, what caused the Earth around Seattle shake on March 26th, 2000?
A． Nisqually earthquak
B． Explosive
C． Loma Prieta earthquak
D． Aftershock
填空题
2、 Everything taken into account，the company decides to___________(推迟发布新产品)．
3、________ (这份工作吸引我的地方)is the salary and the possibility of foreign travel．
4、Can We Replant the Planet's Rainforests?
It's hard not to be impressed by rainfurests. Towering, aged trees called emergants stretch almost 250 feet (76 meters) into the air, surpassing the interwoven canopy that both covers and houses more than half of the world's species. Though rainforests contain nearly half of all the planet's trees, they only cover about 7 percent of the surface of the land.
Despite the importance of rainforests, deforestation practices continue. Though the term can apply to natural causes like forest fires, it's commonly linked to human activities, like logging, agriculture and mining--all important for our economy. But by stripping (剥夺 ) the land of these resources, we must accept the consequences of our actions. Chopping down rainforests increases the likelihood of soil erosion, landslides and flooding. It also decreases biodiversity and medical resources. More than 25 percent of modern medicine is derived from rainfurest plants, and only 1 percent of rainforest plant species have been studied for potential medicinal uses. Deforestation also destroys the homelands of indigenous cultures and affects the livelihoods Of millions of other people, many of whom live in the world's poorest regions.
In an effort to counteract this destruction, conservation efforts are blossoming across the globe. Among these are reforestation projects, aimed at increasing the amount of living trees and physically linking remaining forests together, to combat habitat loss and prevent species extinction.
There arc many challenges facing these projects. Firstly, rainforests arc full of ancient, gigantic trees; these aren't the saplings you buy at your local nursery. Much of the action of a rainforest's ecosystem takes place in the lofty upper reaches,which can present problems for reforestation efforts since towering trees take decades to grow. Secondly, rainforest trees closely rely on their evolutionary playmates--the surrounding flora and fauna--to create the delicate conditions needed to sustain functions such as nutrient cycles and pollination.
So while rainfurests provide a flourishing (欣欣向荣的) habitat for life, the success of that habitat relies on a fragile balance of ecological factors. Take away the trees and you have a major problem. But if the soil's bacteria and other microorganisms (微生物 ), which break down the nutrient-rich organic matter that tumbles to the dark forest floor, arc also eliminated, the rainfurest is destroyed. If the insects and birds that act as critical pollinators go extinct, life will falter.
So, can we push up our sleeves, grab a shovel, dig in and just start replanting the rainforests? To a certain extent, we can.
However, while efforts at reforestation have significant value, they're usually not as crucial as preserving existing rainforests.
Rainforest conservation is just as important as trying to reforest other areas.
Reforestation can be accomplished by nature, by humans or through a combination of the two. Some reforestation efforts focus on growing forests quickly because these woodlands are key to many of Earth's natural cycles, such as the carbon and water cycles. Replanting deforested land with quick-growing exotic tree species, like eucalyptus or Australian acacia, can help solve immediate problems such as soil erosion and elevated carbon levels.
However, exotic trees may make the land unsuitable for future rainforest cultivation by changing the soil's original characteristics. Scientists need to study individual situations to determine what type of impact each foreign species will make on the area's microbial life, and what the appropriate choices are for reforestation. On a positive note, fast-growing secondary forests and tree farms can replace primary forests as a source for agricultural and energy needs. A primary forest is basically one that's undisturbed by humans and has suffered very few ecological disruptions ( ep~l ). There are several other names for a primary forest, such as old growth and primeval forest. A secondary forest is one that has regrown after a destructive event, like a fire or logging. Primary forests usually have much higher levels of biodiversity than secondary ones, which is part of the reason conservationists are trying to save old growth.
In areas where deforestation is severe, remaining patches of primary forests are often located at great distances from other surviving rainforests or reforested regions. This makes animal survival and recolonization, as well as plant cross-pollination, difficult and can impede efforts to sustain actual rainforest ecology. Although the parcels of vegetative land can increase the chance of some species' short-term survival, researchers say the species are likely doomed to extinction over the long tema.
One-way conservationists seek to protect rainforest species is to reforest the corridors of trees that lie between rainforest parcels. This gives plants and animals access to a larger habitat and the chance to mix with other populations, which can boost their genetic diversity and help prevent extinction through isolation for most species. Conservationists can help cultivate these arboreal arteries into supportable rainforest habitats by working to have these corridors widened. The wider the corridors are, the safer they become for migrating animals to use.
It's also important to reforest and enlarge areas adjacent to these surviving parcels. This provides an easy means for species to inhabit new territory and expand viable rainforest ecology.
Researchers are exploring several options for improving and easing reforestation efforts. One inventive method involves bats. Installing man-made bat roosts in deforested areas can encourage these uniquely flight-enabled mammals (like the spectacled flying fox) to spread seeds and begin the process of rainforest regeneration. Activities like installing bat roosts are examples of how people are a part of natural reforestation efforts.
Reforestation efforts are sprouting up all around the world. Numerous conservation groups are working to preserve, enlarge and connect the world's rainforests. Let's take a closer look at some of those projects.
Rwanda's government and various ecological groups are paying special attention to the Gishwati Forest Reserve. Once a vast rainforest, activities such as deforestation and refugee resettlement reduced it to a fraction of its original size around the turn of the century. Since then, reforestation has somewhat increased the size of the forest, but it remains a sliver of its original size.
A project called the Rwandan National Conservation Park is gaining momentum, and those people involved with the project are working to bring the rainforest back and connect it with larger, surviving rainforests nearby. These individuals and organizations are looking to accomplish this through the use of wide tree corridors. They also plan to increase the acreage of the core forest and study the ecology of the forest's animals, particularly its chimpanzees.
According the passage, what activities destroy the rainforests?
[A] All human activities,
[B] Forest fires, farming and mining.
[C] Logging only.
[D] Soil erosion, landslides and flooding.
5、__________ (出现了很多困难)as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel．
6、Unit 8
Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now 11 . Just a few years ago, it was 12 impolite behavior for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a 13 of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.
Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it 14 ? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one in your lap, or on the table?
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also 15 a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. 16 is important both in England and in America. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock, the dinner guest either arrives 17 to that time or calls up to explain his 18
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable— 19 if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the 20 calmly picked up his knife
and began eating in the same way.
|
A. especially |
B. |
attainable |
C. |
close |
D. |
delay |
|
E. considered |
F. |
host |
G. |
delivery |
H. |
Preparation |
|
I. share |
J. |
fool |
K. |
specifically |
L. |
acceptable |
|
M. matter |
N. |
Promptness |
0. |
care |
|
|
7、Unit 10
Does a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to 11 food sources and back to the hive, using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? To use Donald Griffin's term, does a bee have "awareness", or to use a 12 I like better, can a bee think and imagine?
There is an experiment for this, or at least an 13 , made long ago by Karl Von Frisch and more recently 14 by James Gould at Princeton. Biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to 15 their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular intervals, the dish or whatever is moved 16 farther and farther from the hive, increasing about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the 17 is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologists 18 the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, 19 where the 20 position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.
|
A. confirmed |
B. |
phrase |
C. |
next |
D. |
shifting |
|
E. observation |
F. |
remote |
G. |
progressively |
H. |
confronted |
|
I. distant |
J. |
precisely |
K. |
quotation |
L. |
target |
|
M. train |
N. |
proficiently |
0. |
investigation |
|
|
8、第31题为（ ）
简答题
9、
1．网上交友现象越来越普遍。
2．这种做法有利有弊。
3．我的建议。
10、1．目前，各高校均对大一新生进行军训
2．有人赞成，有人反对
3．我的观点
Is It Necessary to Continue Military Training for Freshmen?
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