2014年英语四级考试每日一练(8月22日)
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单项选择题
1、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Recently the Barbican museum in London held an exhibition called the Rain Room. During the time this exhibition was open, my Twitter stream was filled with photos of people standing in the Rain Room, accompanied by the caption(标题) “Rain Room @ The Barbican!” and a location attachment to prove that they were indeed in the Rain Room.
This got me thinking. What were people actually saying by Tweeting about their visit? I think all they were doing was meeting the obligation that we have to share. Not sharing in the sense of treasuring a moment with people close to us, but sharing in the sense of "notify the world that I am doing a thing". It's not sharing; it's showing off. When we log in to Facebook or Twitter we see an infinitely updating tream of people enjoying themselves. It's not real life, because people only post about the good things whereas all the dull or deep stuff doesn't get mentioned. But despite this obvious fact, it subconsciously makes us feel like everyone is having a better time than us.
This is the curse of our age. We walk around with the tools to capture extensive data about our surroundings and transmit them in real-time to every acquaintance we've made. We end "up with adimin is hed perception of reality because we're more concerned about choosing a good Instagram filter for our meal than how it tastes.
I don't that that it's inherently wrong to want to keep the world updated about what you're doing. But when you go through life robotically posting about everything you do, you're not a human being. You're just a prism(棱镜) that takes bits of light and sound and channels them into the Cloud.
The key thing to remember is that you are not enriching your experiences by sharing them online; you're detracting (转移) from them because all your efforts are focused on making them look attractive too they people. Once you stop seeing things through the eyes of the people following you on Twitter or Facebook or instagram, you can make your experiences significant, because you were there and you saw the sights and smelled the smells and heard the sounds, not because, you snapped a photo of it through a half-inch camera lens.
What do we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A．Rain Room exhibition received a large audience in London.
B．Most of people feel obligated to share their experience with Mends.
C．Many people want to notify others of their experience by Tweeting.
D．All people having gone to the Rain Room took pictures.
填空题
2、第27题为（ ）
3、第34题为（ ）
4、Questions are based onthe following passage.
If it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.
In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.
Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.
A． awarded
B ． heavily
C． classical
D． display
E． established
F． system
G． involved
H．defeated
I．continually
J． specially
K．emphases
L． establishment
M． specialists
N． carded
O． judge
第(36)题__________.
简答题
5、Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled The Harm of PC Games．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words according to the out line given gelow in Chinese．Write your essay on Amwer Sheet 1．
1．很多学生迷恋电脑游戏；
2．电脑游戏的危害；
3．你的观点。
6、白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢？有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。那时的地球—我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶(dustbin)。为防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。同时，我们应当从自身做起，为绿色环保出一份力。
1．白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。
2．不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。
3．塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。
4．如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢？
5．有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。
6．那时的地球—我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶(dustbin)。
7．为防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。
8．同时，我们应当从自身做起，为绿色环保出一份力。
7、
8、1．下图为x市抽样调查市民对选秀节目态度的结果，请简述该图；
2．请简述双方持各自观点的原因；
3．你对选秀节目的看法，是支持、反对，还是不置可否，总结全文。
9、
Paper--More than Meets the Eye
A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.
B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.
C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.
Paper from Wood
D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.
E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.
F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.
G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!
H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.
I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.
J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.
Paper from Rag
K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.
L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.
M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.
The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.
10、On College Students’ Face-lifting
1．有些大学生为求职花巨资整容
2．有人赞成，有人反对
3．你的观点
1、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Recently the Barbican museum in London held an exhibition called the Rain Room. During the time this exhibition was open, my Twitter stream was filled with photos of people standing in the Rain Room, accompanied by the caption(标题) “Rain Room @ The Barbican!” and a location attachment to prove that they were indeed in the Rain Room.
This got me thinking. What were people actually saying by Tweeting about their visit? I think all they were doing was meeting the obligation that we have to share. Not sharing in the sense of treasuring a moment with people close to us, but sharing in the sense of "notify the world that I am doing a thing". It's not sharing; it's showing off. When we log in to Facebook or Twitter we see an infinitely updating tream of people enjoying themselves. It's not real life, because people only post about the good things whereas all the dull or deep stuff doesn't get mentioned. But despite this obvious fact, it subconsciously makes us feel like everyone is having a better time than us.
This is the curse of our age. We walk around with the tools to capture extensive data about our surroundings and transmit them in real-time to every acquaintance we've made. We end "up with adimin is hed perception of reality because we're more concerned about choosing a good Instagram filter for our meal than how it tastes.
I don't that that it's inherently wrong to want to keep the world updated about what you're doing. But when you go through life robotically posting about everything you do, you're not a human being. You're just a prism(棱镜) that takes bits of light and sound and channels them into the Cloud.
The key thing to remember is that you are not enriching your experiences by sharing them online; you're detracting (转移) from them because all your efforts are focused on making them look attractive too they people. Once you stop seeing things through the eyes of the people following you on Twitter or Facebook or instagram, you can make your experiences significant, because you were there and you saw the sights and smelled the smells and heard the sounds, not because, you snapped a photo of it through a half-inch camera lens.
What do we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A．Rain Room exhibition received a large audience in London.
B．Most of people feel obligated to share their experience with Mends.
C．Many people want to notify others of their experience by Tweeting.
D．All people having gone to the Rain Room took pictures.
填空题
2、第27题为（ ）
3、第34题为（ ）
4、Questions are based onthe following passage.
If it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.
In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.
Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.
A． awarded
B ． heavily
C． classical
D． display
E． established
F． system
G． involved
H．defeated
I．continually
J． specially
K．emphases
L． establishment
M． specialists
N． carded
O． judge
第(36)题__________.
简答题
5、Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled The Harm of PC Games．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words according to the out line given gelow in Chinese．Write your essay on Amwer Sheet 1．
1．很多学生迷恋电脑游戏；
2．电脑游戏的危害；
3．你的观点。
6、白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢？有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。那时的地球—我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶(dustbin)。为防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。同时，我们应当从自身做起，为绿色环保出一份力。
1．白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。
2．不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。
3．塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。
4．如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢？
5．有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。
6．那时的地球—我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶(dustbin)。
7．为防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。
8．同时，我们应当从自身做起，为绿色环保出一份力。
7、
上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市(metropolis)。改革开放以来，上海变化之大令髓人瞩目。经济高速发展，社会秩序稳定，人民安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华气象。今天，尽管上海还有着不少色彩斑斓的过去研以留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的世人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东展现了上海的美好前景。
8、1．下图为x市抽样调查市民对选秀节目态度的结果，请简述该图；
2．请简述双方持各自观点的原因；
3．你对选秀节目的看法，是支持、反对，还是不置可否，总结全文。
9、
B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.
C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.
Paper from Wood
D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.
E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.
F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.
G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!
H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.
I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.
J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.
Paper from Rag
K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.
L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.
M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.
The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.
10、On College Students’ Face-lifting
1．有些大学生为求职花巨资整容
2．有人赞成，有人反对
3．你的观点
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