单项选择题
1、Passage Three
Questions are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．Its large rooms.
B．Its unusual location.
C．Its comfortable chairs.
D．The number of its readers.


2、 Questions are based on the following passage.
        The number of postgraduate students travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK universities has fallen for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the government's immigration crackdown is discouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Brid.
        Jo Beall, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm among UK vice-chancellors (大学行政主管). "The sector was expecting a decline in growth, but the actual reduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international-students make up the m~ority of numbers in many postgraduate courses and research teams in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. ""Attracting the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical if the UK is to maintain its quality reputation for research," Beall said.
        Universities get a third of their tuition (学费) fee revenue from non-EU students. There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue-as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students bring--is being put at risk.
        Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the fees were starting to look elsewhere.
        Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview more than 100,000 applicants in an attempt to prevent bogus (假冒的) ones entering the country. She also said immigrants were responsible for pushing up UK house prices. The comments followed the introduction of new limitations on students' right to work during and after their studies.
        Beall said:" Government statistics for the first time provide real evidence that the changes to UK visa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK, and in particular postgraduate students Who are so important to the UKs research output. The UK enjoys an eXcellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international students who make a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK. "
What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK?
A．The increase in tuition and fees.
B．The ever-rising living expenses.
C．Changed immigration policies.
D．Universities' tightened budgets


3、 回答题：
        Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve the care and upbringing of children. Marriage is not necessary to have children, but it has been of enormous importance in the rearing of children.
        With the sharp declines in birth rates since 1970 in Western and other rich countries, including much larger fractions of adults who do not have any children, both men and women have significantly increased　their ages marriage, and sharply raised their tendencies to divorce. In 1950, a typical woman and man married at ages 20.3 and 22.8 respectively, whereas now the typical marital ages are 26.0 and 27.7. These changes in age at mariage are related to reduced demand for many children, increased college education of both men and women but especially of women, much greater labor force participation of married and divorced women, and the narrowing of the gender gap in earnings.
        The most important economic and social concerns due to low marriage rates are the effects on roaring of children. These effects are not due to lower marriage rates alone, but rather to the close connection between these low rates and high divorce rates, and to the greater tendency of women to have children without being married, or without living with the fathers of their children.
        Although many single mothers do an absolutely wonderful job in raising their children, common sense and most academic findings suggest that having a father present during the raising of children generally has a positive effect on the development of non-cognitive ( 非认知性) traits of children, These include a general respect for authority and reduced rebelliousness in school, and the avoidance of gangs and other criminal activities. It also appears that the absence of fathers has a greater effect, on the non-cognitive traits of sons than daughters, although that is a less well-established finding.
        I am not claiming that children are worst oft" when their parents divorce if their parents were fighting a lot, or ff they bad abusive (粗暴的) fathers. Rather, it, appears that up to a significant point, children are, better off in intact families even when their families are not ideal.
What do we learn from the first paragraph about marriage?
A．It is primarily a necessary step to have children.
B．It meets resistance in Western and other rich countries.
C．It has a tremendous impact on the rearing of children.
D．It is the most important institution throughout history.


4、Questions are based on the following passage．


belleve．
        Federal support of homeovcnership greatly overvalues its meaning in American life．Through tax breaks and guarantees.the government__39__homeownership to its peak in 2004，when 69 percent of American households owned homes．Subsidies for homeownership，__40__ the mortgage(抵押)interest deduction，reached$230 billion in 2009，according to the Congressional Budget         Office．Meanwhile．only$60 billion in tax breaks and spending programs __41__ renters．
The result of this real estate spending craze?According to the Federal Reserve，American real estate lost more than$6 tril]ion in__42__，or almost 30 percent．between 2006 and 2010．One in five American homeoumers is underwater. owing more on a mortgage than what the home is__43__．
        Those who profit most from homeownemhip are definitely the largest source of political campaign  __44__．Insurance companies．securities and investment firms，real estate interests．and commercial banks gave more than$100 million to federal candidates and parties in 2011．according to the Center for Responsive Politics．
        Homeownership is more impollanl to__45__ interests than it is to most Americans，who，according to the research，care more about“a good job”,“the pursuit of happiness”and“freedom”．
A．mded
B．attributed
C．benefit
D．boosted
E．contributions
F．difference
G．expected
H．fmancially
I．including
J．political
K．rapidly
L．special
M．surveyed
N．value
O．worth

36_________

5、Passage Two Questions are based on thefollowingpassage．
    Acid rain，which is a form of air pollution，currently becomes a subject of great debate because of widespread environmental damage for which it has been blamed．It forms when oxides of sulfur(硫) and nitrogen(氮)combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids，which may then be carried long distances from their source before they drop in the form of rain．The pollution may also take the form of snow or fog or fall down in dry forms．In fact，although the term“acid rain”has been in use for more than a century——it is derived from atmospheric studies that were made in the region of Manchester,England—the more accurate scientific term would be“acid deposition”．The dry form of such deposition is just as damaging to the environment as the liquid form．
    The problem of acid rain originated with the Industrial Revolution，and it has been growing ever since．The severity of its effects has long been recognized in local settings，as exemplified by the spells of acid smog in heavily industrialized areas．The widespread destructiveness of acid rain，however,has become evident only in recent decades．One large area that has been studied extensively is northernEurope，where acid rain has eroded structures，injured crops and forests，and threatened life in freshwater lakes．In 1984，for example，environmental reports indicated that almost half of the trees in Germany’s Black Forest had been damaged by acid rain．The northeastem United States and eastern Canada have also been Darticularly affected by this form of pollution．Damage has also been detected in other areas of these countries and other regions of the world．
    Industial emissions have been blamed as the maj or cause of acid rain．Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosphere are complex and as yet little understood.industries have tended to challenge such assessments and to stress the need for further studies and because of the cost of pollution reduction，governments have tended to support this attitude.
    Studies released by the USA government in the early 1980s，however，strongly indicated industries as the main source of acid rain，in the eastern USA and Canada．
From the first sentence of the passage，we Iearn that_____．
A．acid rain has caused air pollution
B．acid rain has caused widespread environmental damage
C．acid rain has become a much-studied subject
D．acid rain travels in all directions before it rains down


6、听录音，回答题：


A．Give his ankle a good rest.
B．Treat his injury immediately. 
C．Continue his regular activities.                
D．Be careful when climbing steps.


填空题
7、Section C
Direction: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Since the dawn of history, men have gathered information and have attempted to pass it on to other men. The carving of word and pictures on the walls of 26 caves represents some of man’s earliest effort to 27 information. Evidently, these efforts were very simple and 28 .
But as civilization grew more complex, better methods of communication were needed. The written word, carrier pigeons, the telegraph and many other 29 carried ideas faster and faster from man to man but still not fast enough to 30 ever growing needs. In recent years, as men entered the information era, a new type of machine, the electronic computer, has 31 and has become 32 important in the lives of all people. With the 33 and development of computers, it is as if man has suddenly come upon Alading’s magic lamp.
Generally speaking, the basic job of computers is the processing of information. For this reason, computers can be 34 as devices which accept information, perform mathematical or logical operations with the input information, and then supply the results of these operations as new information.
Computers can work through a series of problems and make thousands of logical decisions without ever becoming tired. However, although computers can replace men in dull, routine tasks, they only work according to the instructions given them, in other words, they have to be programmed. Their achievements are not very impressive when 35 to what the minds of men can do.
26.


8、Unit 9
　　Growth of trade will depend greatly on availability of energy sources. There may still be a trillion barrels of recoverable oil in the Middle East.   But the oil crisis of 1974 has      11      to renewed interest in coal and to a search for      12 sources of energy. Solar, geothermal, and nuclear energy will play a large role in the years to come.
　　Solar energy is available in 13 forms. Buildings can be heated and cooled by direct use of solar radiation, crops and trees, which are the most efficient converters of sunlight into energy, can be grown for their energy potential, wastes can be burned as 14 , sunlight can be converted into DC (direct current) electricity, electric power can be 15 from the sun-warmed surface waters of the ocean, and lastly, solar radiation can be converted into heat that will drive electric power generators. Serious problems still remain as to 16 and storage of solar energy.
　　Geothermal  energy  is  the  energy  contained  within  the  earth.   Heat  is abundantly available deep in the earth's core and is constantly being produced. However, this heat is usually located at too deep a level for      17     exploitation. In short, very little is known on the use of geothermal energy, and it has      18 been exploited.
　　Nuclear energy is produced in nuclear power plants. At these plants atoms of uranium are split, thus      19      masses of energy.   Another source of energy
under development is the nuclear fusion of certain atoms of hydrogen. This could eventually      20      natural gas as a source of energy.

A. rarely	B.	transformation	C.	fuel	D.	replace
E. led	F.	alternative	G.	commercial	H.	briefly
I.  derived	J.	various	K.	relieving	L.	releasing
M.  transportation	N.	financial	O.	described

简答题
9、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国国画有风景画，花鸟画和人物画三大类。从审美的(aesthetic)角度看，尽管中国国画与西洋画有许多相似之处，但它仍独具中国民族特色。中国国画吸取了诗歌、书法、绘画和篆刻(seal engraving)等多种艺术形式的长处。它很少像西方人那样因循守旧，反倒给画着提供了自由的表达空间。中国的画家通常将诗歌和哲理(philosophy)结合起来，正如中国的一个成语“诗情画意”。

10、 Should Retirement Age Be Postponed?
1. 近年来，推迟退休年龄引发人们热议
2. 推迟退休年龄有利也有弊
3. 我的看法