单项选择题
1、听录音，回答题：


A．Children should be taught to be more careful.
B．Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.
C．There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.
D．Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.


2、回答题：
    A)You’re driving your car home from work or school．And something goes wron9．The engine stalls out at lights，holds back as you go to pass．It needs a tune•up——and soon．Where do you go?The library．You can take out an auto repair manual that tells step—by—step how to tune up your make and model．Or your tennis game has fallen off．You’ve lost your touch at the net．Where do you go?The library——for a few books on improving your tennis form．
    B)“The library!”you say．“That’s where my teacher sends me to do一ugh—homework．"Unfortunately, I’ve found that’s exactly the way many people feel．If you’re among them．you’re denying yourself the easiest way to improve yourself,enjoy yourself and even cope with life．My first suggestion for making the most of your library is to do what I did，read and read and read．For pleasure——and for understanding．
    C) If it’s TV that keeps you from cultivating this delicious habit，I can offer a sure remedy．Take home from the library a stack of books that might look interestin9．Pile them on the TV set．Next time you are tempted to turn on a program you really don’t want to see，reach for a book instead．
    D)Over the years，people collect a mental list of books they mean to read．If you don’t have such a list，here is the suggestion．Take from the library some of the books you might have enjoyed dramatized on TV,like Remargue’s All Quiet on the Western Front，Clavell’s Shegun，Tolkien’s The Hobbit，or Victor Hugo’s Les Mise Rables．If you like what you read、you can follow up with other satisfying books by the same authors．
    E)Some people in their reading limit themselves to current talked—about best sellers．Oh，what they miss!The library is full of yesterday’s best sellers；and they still make compelling reading today． Some that I've enjoyed：A．B．Guthrie’s The Big Sky，Carl Van Doren’s Benjamin Franklin，Mari Sandoz’s．Old Jules，and Norman Mailer’s The Naked and the Dead．
    F) How do you find these or any other books you’re looking for?It’s easy—with the card catalog． Every time I go to the library——and I go more than once a week——I invariably make a beeline to the card catalog before anything else．It’s the nucleus of any public library．The card catalog lists every book in the library by：1．author；2．title；3．subject．Let’s pick an interesting subject to look up．I have always been fascinated by astronomy．You’11 be surprised at the wealth of material you will find under“astronomy”to draw upon．And the absorbing books you didn’t know existed on it．
CAUTION：Always have a pencil and paper when you use the card catal09．
    G) Once you jot down the numbers of the books you are interested in，you are ready to find them on the shelves．Libraries call the shelves “the stacks”．In many smaller libraries，which you’ll be using，the stacks will be open for you to browse．To me there is a special thrill in tracking down the books I want in lhe stacks!For invariably,I find books about which I knew nothin9，and these often turn out to be the very ones l need．You will find the same thing happening to ypu when you start to browse in the stacks．“A learned mind is the end product of browsing．”CAUTION：If you take a book from the stack s to your work desk，do not try to return it to its proper place．That’s work for the experts．If you replace it incorrectly,the next seeker won’t be able to find it．
    H) Some of the brightest and best．informed men and women in America are the librarians who specialize in providing reference help．Introduce yourself State your problem．And be amazed at how much he p you will receive．CAUTION：Don’t waste the time of this expert by asking silly questions you ought to solve yourself．Save the reference librarian for the really big ones．
    I) You shot：ld also learn to use the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature．This green—bound index is me of the most useful items in any library．It indexes all the articles in the major magazines，including newspaper magazine supplements．Thus it provides a guide to the very latest expert information of any subject that interests you．So if you want to do a really first—class job，find out which magazines your library subscribes to，then consult the Reader's Guide and track down recent articles on your subject．When you use this wonderful tool effectively,you show the mark of a real scholar．
    J) Since you can take most books home，but not magazines，take full notes when using the latter． Many libraries today provide a reprographic machine that can quickly copy pages you need from magazines and books．Ask about it：If you are working on a project of some size which will require repeated library visits，keep a small notebook in which you record the identification numbers of the books you will be using frequently．This will save you valuable time，because you won’t have to consult the card catalog or search aimlessly through the stacks each time you visit for material you seek．Sol fie of the very best books in any library are the reference books，which may not be taken home．Learn what topics they cover and how best to use them，for these books are wonderful repositories (储藏室、资料库)of human knowledge．
    K) Your library can give you help on any subject．It can even be your business and legal advisor．How many times have you scratched your head over how to get a tax rebate(折扣)on your summer job?You，11 find guides to that．Want to defend yourself in traffic couP?Find out how in legal books at the library．
    L) Library Projects Can Be Fun and Rewardin9．Here are a few ideas：
1．What are your roots?Trace your ancestors．Many libraries specialize in genealogy．
2．Did George Washington sleep nearby?Or Billy the Kid?Your library’s collection of local history books can put you on the trail．
3．Cook a Polynesian feast．Or an ancient Roman banquet．Read how in the library’s cook books．
4．Take up photography．Check the library for consumer reviews of cameras before you buy．Take out books on lightin9，composition，or darkroom techniques or—you name it!
    M)If you haven，t detected by now my enthusiasm for libraries，let me offer two personal notes．I'm particularly pleased that in recent years two beautiful libraries have been named after me：a small community library in Quakertown，Pennsylvania，and the huge research library located at the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley．And I like libraries so much that I married a librarian．
The nucleus of any public library is the car，d catalog．

3、根据以下资料，回答题：
The Case for Killing Granny
A．My mother wanted to die，but the doctors wouldn't let her．At least that’s the way it seemed to me as I stood by her bed hi an intensive—care unit,at a hospital in Hilton Head，S．C，five years ago．My mother was 79，a longtime smoker who was dying of emphysema(肺气肿)．She knew that her quality of life was increasingly tied to an oxygen tank。That she was losing her ability to get about，and that she was slowly drowning，The doctors at her bedside were contrarotating various tests and procedures to keep her alive．but my mother．with a certain firmness I recognized，said no。She seemed puzzled and a bit frustrated that she had to be so insistent on her own death．
B．The hospital at my mother's assisted—living facility was sustained by Medicare，which pays by the procedure．I don’t think the doctors were trying to be greedy by pushing more treatments on my- mother．That’s just the way the system works．The doctors were responding to the expectations of almost all patients．As a doctor friend of mine puts it．“Americans want the best，they want the latest，
and they want it now．”we expect doctors to make heroic efforts-especially to save our lives and the fives of our loved ones。
C．The idea that we might ration health care to seniors(or lonely elsE． is political curse．Politicians do not dare breathe the word，lest they be accused-however wrongly-of trying to pull the plug on
Grandma．But the need to spend less money on the elderly at the end of life is the elephant in the room in the health,reform debate．Everyone sees it but no one wants to talk about it．At a more basic level．
Americans are afraid not just of dyin9．but of talking and thinking about death．Until Americans learn to regard death as more than a scientific challenge to be overcoat，our health—care system will remain unfixable．
D．Compared with other Western countries，the United States has more health care—but，generally
speakin9，not better health care．There is no way we can get control of costs，which have grown by nearly 50 percent in the past decade。without finding a way to stop over eating patients．In his address to Congress，President,Obama spoke airily about reducing inefficiency。but he slid past the hard choices t：hat will have to be made to stop health care from devouring ever-larger slices of the economy and tax dollar．A significant portion of the savings will have to come from the money we spend on seniors at the end of life because，as Willie Sutton explained about why he rubbed banks，that’s where the money’is．
E．As President Ob mna said．most of the uncontrolled growth in federal spending and the deficit cones from Medicare；nothing else comes close．Almost a third of the money spent by Medicare…about $66.8 bi]lion a year-goes to chronically ill patients in the last，two years of life．This might seem obvious…of smartarse the Costs come at the end，when patients are the sickest．But that can’t explain what researchers at Dartmouth have discovered：Medicare spends twice as much on similar patients in sonic parts of the country as hi others．The average cost of a Medicare patient in Miami is$1 6．351：the average in Honolulu is $5，311．In the．Bronx，N．Y．，it’s $12，543。In Far90，N．D．$5，738．1ittle average Medicare patient,undergoing end—of-life treatment spends 2 1。9 days in a blam_hat tan hospital．In Mason City，Iowa，he or she spends only 6．1 days．
F．An this treatment does not necessarily buy better care．In fact。the Dartmouth studies have found
worse outcomes in many states and cities where there is more health care．Why?Because just+going Into the hospital has risks-of infection，or error，or other lm foreseen complications．Some studies estimate that Americas are over treated by roughly 30 percent．—It's not about rationing care-that’s always the bogeyman(魔鬼)people use to block reform，”says Dr．Elliott Fisher，a professor’at Dartmouth Medical School．“The real problem．is unnecessary and unwanted care．”
G．But how do you decide which treatments to cut out?How do you choose between the necessary and the unnecessary?There has been talk among experts and lawmakers of giving more power to a panel of government experts to decide-Britain has one，called the National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence(known by the somewhat ironic acronym NICE．．But no one wants the horror stories of
denied care and long waits that are said to plague state—run national health·care systems．After the summer of angry town halls，no politician is going to get anywhere near something that could be called a“death panel”．
H．Ever-rising health—care spending now consumes about l7 percent of the economy，At the current rote of increase。it will devour a fifth of GDP by 2018。We cannot afford to sustain a productive economy with so much．money going to health care．Over tinle，economic reality may force us to adopt a
national health·care system like Britain’s or Canada's．But before that day arrives，there are stops we can take to reduce costs without totally turning the system inside out．
I．Other initiatives ensure that the elderly get counseling about end—of-life issues．Although demagogue (蛊惑民心的政客)as a“death panel”，a program in Wisconsin to get patients to talk to their doctors about how they want to deal win death was actually an outstanding success．A study by the Archives of Intermale Medicine shows that such conversations between doctors and patients call decrease costs by about 35 percent--while improving the quality of life at the end．
J．Patients should be encouraged to draft living wills to make their end．of-life desires known．
Unfortunately，such paper can be useless if there is a family member at the bedside demanding heroic measures．“A lot of the tittle guilt is playing a role，”says Dr．David Tokharian，a surgeon and CEO of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization．Doctors can feel guilty．too—about overtreating Patients roric Diana．recalls his unease over operating to treat a severe heart infection in a woman with two forms of metastatic(转移)cancer who was already comatose(昏迷的).The family insisted．
K．Studies show that about 70 percent of people want to die at home—but that about half die in hospitals．
There has been an important hl-crease in hospice(临终关怀病房)or palliative (缓解的)care--keeping patients with．incurable diseases as comfortable as possible while they live out the remainder of their lives．Hospice services are generally intended for the terminally ill in the last six months of life，but as  a practical matter, many people receive hospice care for only a few weeks.
L．That's what my mother wanted. After convincing the doctors that she meant it--that she really was ready to die--she was transferred from the ICU to a hospice, where, five days later, she passed away. In the ICU, as they removed all the monitors and pulled out all the tubes and wires, she made a shaking motion with her hands. She seemed to be signaling goodbye to all that--I'm free to go in peace.
Receipting counseling about end-of-life issues may improve the patients' quality of life at the end.


4、Questions are based on the following passage．


belleve．
        Federal support of homeovcnership greatly overvalues its meaning in American life．Through tax breaks and guarantees.the government__39__homeownership to its peak in 2004，when 69 percent of American households owned homes．Subsidies for homeownership，__40__ the mortgage(抵押)interest deduction，reached$230 billion in 2009，according to the Congressional Budget         Office．Meanwhile．only$60 billion in tax breaks and spending programs __41__ renters．
The result of this real estate spending craze?According to the Federal Reserve，American real estate lost more than$6 tril]ion in__42__，or almost 30 percent．between 2006 and 2010．One in five American homeoumers is underwater. owing more on a mortgage than what the home is__43__．
        Those who profit most from homeownemhip are definitely the largest source of political campaign  __44__．Insurance companies．securities and investment firms，real estate interests．and commercial banks gave more than$100 million to federal candidates and parties in 2011．according to the Center for Responsive Politics．
        Homeownership is more impollanl to__45__ interests than it is to most Americans，who，according to the research，care more about“a good job”,“the pursuit of happiness”and“freedom”．
A．mded
B．attributed
C．benefit
D．boosted
E．contributions
F．difference
G．expected
H．fmancially
I．including
J．political
K．rapidly
L．special
M．surveyed
N．value
O．worth

36_________

5、回答问题：
     Wouldn’t it be great if you could just look up at the sky and read the weather forecast right away?
     Well，you can．The forecast is written in clouds．If you can read that writing，you can tell something about the atmosphere．With some practice，you can become a pretty good weather forecaster．Who knows，you might even do as well as meteorologists．
     Meteorologists use much more information than just the appearance of the clouds to make their forecast．They collect data from all over the world．Then they put it into powerful，high—speed computers．This does give the meteorologists an advantage，because they can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country．But you have an advantage，too．You can look at the sky and get your data directly．A meteorologist USCS a computer forecast that’s several hours old to make a local forecast．
     What are you seeing when you look at a cloud?“A picture of moisture is doing in the atmosphere，”says meteorologist Peter Leavitt．There’s moisture throughout the atmosphere．Most of the time you don’t see it，because it’s in the form of an invisible gas called water vapor．Sometimes，the temperature of the air gets cold enough to cause the water vapor to change to liquid water．It’s called condensation，and we see it happen all the time(for example，when humid air from the shower hits the cold glasses of a mirror)．When enough water vapor condenses，droplets come in the air．These droplets scatter light．A cloud is seen．
     Watching clouds over a day or two tells you a lot more than a single cloud about the weather to come．Changes in clouds show changes in the atmosphere．You should begin to notice pattems．Certain clouds，following each other in order,can signal an approaching storm．But don’t take our word for it；see for yourself．
The word“meteorologists”in the first paragraph means_______．
A．people who broadcast weather on TV
B．people who are in charge of weather forecast
C．experts who study the earth’s atmosphere and its changes
D．experts who study the earth’s crust，rocks，strata and the history of its development


6、听录音，回答题：


A．Give his ankle a good rest.
B．Treat his injury immediately. 
C．Continue his regular activities.                
D．Be careful when climbing steps.


7、Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A．, B．, C．and D．, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

A．She cares more about grades than the man does.
B．Grades are not important at all to her.
C．Her senior project is much more difficult for her.
D．Her senior project is more important right now.


填空题
8、Questions are based on the following passage.
　　One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common  36_________range from bad-mouthing (说……的坏话． another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much,according to a study  37  on Tuesday.
　　Most workers attend so-called happy hours to  38_________ with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear thelatest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder. com,an online job site.
　　As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow,16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague,10percent shared a secret about a colleague,8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much andacted  39_________  .5 percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent  40________  to singing karaoke.While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for  41_________,85 percent said attending had nothelped them get   42_________  to someone higher up or get a better position.
　　An equal number of men and women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least  43_________to attend.
　　Overall,21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those,44_________a quarter go at least once a month.
　　The survey was  45 _________online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder. com among 6,987 full-time employees.
A． bond                                   
B．acknowledged                          
C． nearly                                
D． specially                             
E． anywhere                              
F． mishaps                                
G． obligated                              
H． likely
I． conducted
J． idly
K． unprofessionally
L． networking
M． released
N． confessed
O． researched
第(36)题__________。

简答题
9、Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below(Unemployment rate in 2010)．Please give a brief description the chart first and then make comments on it．You should write at least l20 words but no more than 180 Words



10、 　　A． Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their bodyparts--sell everything from food to cars.Popular film and television actressesare becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known tofaint onthe set from lack of food. Women's magazines are full &articles urging thatif they can  just lose thoselast twentypounds, they'll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex,and a rewarding career
　　B． Why arc standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majorityofwhom are naturally larger and moremature than any of the models? The roots,some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult toachieve andmaintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries arc assured of growth andprofits. And it's noaccident that youth is increasingly promoted, along withthinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not allwomen need to loseweight, for sure they're all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women'sHealth inits 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disasterthat needs to be dealt with.
　　C． The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies arc more likely tobuybeauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the dietindustry alone is worth anywherebetween 40 to 100 billion (U.S.． a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regainthe lostweight．. On the other hand, research indicatesthat exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed femalebodies is linked todepression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habitsin womenand girls.
　　D． The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related EatingDisorders, Inc. says that one out of everyfour college-aged women usesunhealthy methods of weight control--including fasting, skippingmeals,excessive exercise, laxative (泻药． abuse, andself-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affectingyoung girls:the Canadian Women's Health Network warns that weight control measures are nowbeing takenby girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar.Several studies, such as one conducted by MarikaTiggemann and Levina Clark in2006 titled "Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media andPeerInfluences on Body Dissatisfaction," indicate that nearly half of allpreadolescent girls wish to be thinner, andas a result have engaged in a dietor are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that35percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50to 70 percent of normal weightgirls believe they are overweight. Overallresearch indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with theirappearance insome way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, "Women are sold tothe diet industryby the magazines we read and the television programs we watch,almost all of which make us feel anxiousabout our weight."
　　E． Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of femalebeauty are unattainable for all but a verysmall number of women. Researchersgenerating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions,forexample, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of herupper body, and her bodywould be too narrow to contain more than halfa liverand a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built thatway would suffer fromchronic diarrhea ( 慢性腹泻． and eventually die frommalnutrition. Jill Barad,President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie．, estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own atleast oneBarbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek asimilarly underweight body isepidemic, and they can suffer equally devastatinghealth consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to450,000 Canadian womenwere affected by an eating disorder.
　　F．  Researchers report thatwomen's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articlespromotingweight loss than men's magazines do, and over three-quarters of thecovers of women's magazines include atleast one message about how to change awoman's bodily appearance--by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery.Television andmovies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman's worth.Canadianresearcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the femalecharacters in TV situation comedies areunderweight, and only one in twenty areabove average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negativecomments frommale characters about their bodies ("How about wearing a sack?" ．, and 80 percent of thesenegative comments are followed by cannedaudience laughter.
　　G． There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (抵制，反抗． the trend. For several years the Quebecmagazine Coup de Pouce hasconsistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelainehaspledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 yearsof age. In Madrid, one of theworld's biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thinmodels were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spainhas recentlyundergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using aunique process inwhich a laser beam is used to measure real life women's bodiesin order to find the most tree to lifemeasurement.
　　H． Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women inthe media. A 2008 study conducted byJuanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled"A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal ofWomen ofColor in Mainstream Women's Magazines" found that although there was anincrease in therepresentation of women of c01our, overall white women wereoverrepresented in mainstream women'smagazines from 1999 to 2004.
　　I．  The barrage of messagesabout thinness, dieting and beauty tells "ordinary" women that theyare always inneed of adjustment--and that the female body is an object to beperfected. Jean Kilboume argues that theoverwhelming presence of media imagesof painfully thin women means that real women's bodies have      become invisible in the mass media。 The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many womeninternalizethese stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry'sstandards. Women learn to comparethemselves to other women, and to compete withthem for male attention: This focus on beauty and desirability"effectivelydestroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate."
根据以上内容，回答题.
A report in Teen magazineshowed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.