2014年英语四级考试每日一练(9月9日)
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单项选择题
1、Passage One Questions are based on the following passage．
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations．Later he used sharp bone or horn,metal knives and more recently,rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck，in surgical instrument terms，for many years．In the l960s a new tool was developed，one which was，first of all，to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry,but which was also，in time，to revolutionize the art and science of surgery, The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world，for a very large number of different complaints．The word“laser”means：light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation．As we all know,light is hot，any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—will give warmth．But light is usually spread out over a wide area．The Light in a laser beam，however，is concentrated．This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells．It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of human eye without harming the front of the eye，simply by passing a laser beam right though the eye-ball．No knives，no stitches，no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable。So much more difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting．Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective．Altogether,tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically．
Which of the following is NOT a tool used for surgical operations before the 1960s?
A．Bone．
B．Metal knives．
C．Scissors．
D．Rubber and plastic．
2、根据下列材料，请回答题：
While it's easy enough to brush off a few sleepless nights with a pot of coffee and the occasional desk nap, you may be doing more harm than you realise. According to a new study from Surrey University, having less than six hours of sleep per night can actually shut down genes that play a key role in the body's 36 of self-repair.
We rely on our genes to constantly produce the proteins needed to 37 the wear on our bodies'tissue that we suffer throughout the day. But when scientists divided 26 volunteers into two groups—one of which slept for less than 6 hours per night for an entire week and the other for 10 hours per night—some of the sleep-deprived group's genes actually stopped working.
The functions of 711 genes in total were altered in some way, 38 ones involved in metabolism ( 新陈代谢), inflammation (炎症), immunity and stress. There is some good news though: a week of normal sleep was enough to 39 the malfunctioning genes back to peak condition, but should the40 sleep patterns continue, health problems that aren't, quite so easily reversible, like obesity (肥胖)and heart disease, have a 41 chance of cropping up. And this study only scratches the 42.
according to Professor Colin Smith, one of the scientists 43 in the study: This is only a week of sleep 44 and it is only five and a haft or six hours a night. Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks, months and maybe even years so we have no idea how much 45 it might be.
A．accessing
B．amounted
C．approaching
D．attract
E．casual
F．charactexs
G．fresh
H．ignore
I．increasingly
J．messages
K．patiently
L．tiny
M．total
N．violated
O．vital
请回答（36）题__________.
3、根据以下资料，回答题：
New evidence of a sick, deprived population working under harshconditions contradicts earlier images of wealth and abundance from the artrecords of the ancient Egyptian city of Tell el-Amarna, a study has found．Tell el-Amarna was the capital of ancient Egypt during the reign of the pharaoh (法老) Akhenaten, who abandoned most of Egypt's old gods in favor of the Aten sun disk andbrought in a new and more expressive style of art．Akhenaten, who ruled Egypt between 1379 and 1362BC, built and lived in Tell el-Amarna in central Egypt for 15 years．The city was largely abandoned shortlyafter his death and the ascendance of the famous boy king Tutankhamun to the throne．Studies on the remains of ordinary ancient Egyptians in a cemetery in Tell el-Amarna showed thatmany of them suffered from anem/a (贫血症 ), fractured bones, stunted growth and high juvenilemortality rates, according to professors Barry Kemp and Jerome Rose, who led the research．Rose, a professor of anthropology (人类学) in the University of Arkansas in the United States, saidadults buried in the cemetery were probably brought there from other parts of Egypt．"This means that wehave a period of deprivation in Egypt prior to the Amarna phase．So maybe things were not so good for theaverage Egyptian and maybe Akhenaten said we have to change to make things better," he said．Kemp, director of the Amarna Project which seeks in part to increase public knowledge of Tell el-Amarna and surrounding region, said little attention has been given to the cemeteries of ordinary ancient Egyptians．Rose displayed pictures showing spinal (脊柱) injuries among teenagers, probably because of accidents during construction work to build the city．The study showed that anemia ran at 74 percent among children and teenagers, and at 44 percentamong adults, Rose said．The average height of men was 159 cm (5 feet 2 inches) and 153 cm among women．"Adult heights are used as an indicator for overall standard of living," he said．"Short statures(身长) reflect a diet deficient in protein．．．People were not growing to their full potential．"
What is the findings of the study mentioned in the passage?
A．The ancient Tell el-Amarna was famous for its art records．
B．The artistic exhibition of ancient Tell el-Amarna was trustworthy．
C．The art records of Tell el-Amarna showed ancient Egyptians' real life．
D．Life was really tough for average Egyptians in ancient Tell el-Amarna．
4、Passage Two
Questions are based on the following passage.
Levittown was the name given to three suburban developments constructed in the post World War II decades by Levitt and Sons, the most important private builder of this period. Using new mass production techniques they had learned while building housing for military personnel during the Second World War, they turned home building from a cottage industry into a major manufacturing process.
During World War II, they received government contracts to build homes for war workers. Under deadline pressure, they developed mass production methods to build houses quickly. These techniques were carried over to their postwar suburban developments. On May 7, 1947, William Levitt announced his plans to build 2,000 houses in a former potato field in the state of New York. Then, by the time this Levittown was completed in 1951, it had contained 17,450 homes for 75,000 people in New York. Levitt eventually built two more Levittowns, in the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Each contained the same curving streets, community pools, and neighborhood parks, play grounds as the first development did.
Some observers criticized the monotonous uniformity of the Levittowns, charging that they are just the symbol of materialism, but Levittowns were overwhelmingly welcomed by the public. They were cheap, comfortable, efficient, and ideal for young people just starting out in life. Thousands of middle class people, especially some young couples, crowded in city apartments, or still living with their parents, rushed to purchase them. Fourteen hundred contracts were signed in one day in 1949.
Levittown symbolized the most significant social trend of the postwar era in the United States----the flight to the suburbs. The resulting massive shift in population from the central city to the suburbs was accompanied by a baby “boom” that started after soldiers returned home from World War II and got married. By 1960, one-third of the nation’s population lived in the suburbs. The nation underwent its greatest increase in population since 1910.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．Levittown was built by William Levitt with the mass-production method.
B．Levittown served as an ideal and leading example of social changes in the U. S. after World War II.
C．Increases in the population of the United States after the war.
D．Why there was a housing shortage after World War II
填空题
5、So badly_________(他在车祸中受伤)that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year．
6、Questions are based onthe following passage.
If it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.
In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.
Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.
A． awarded
B ． heavily
C． classical
D． display
E． established
F． system
G． involved
H．defeated
I．continually
J． specially
K．emphases
L． establishment
M． specialists
N． carded
O． judge
第(36)题__________.
7、 第29题为（ ）
8、It’strue that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures，__________(即使我们投入时间和金钱)．
简答题
9、 Will E-books Replace Traditional Books?
1.现在年轻人流行在网上看电子书籍
2.有人认为电子书籍会取代传统书籍
3.你的看法
10、
B． Why arc standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majorityofwhom are naturally larger and moremature than any of the models? The roots,some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult toachieve andmaintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries arc assured of growth andprofits. And it's noaccident that youth is increasingly promoted, along withthinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not allwomen need to loseweight, for sure they're all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women'sHealth inits 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disasterthat needs to be dealt with.
C． The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies arc more likely tobuybeauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the dietindustry alone is worth anywherebetween 40 to 100 billion (U.S.． a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regainthe lostweight．. On the other hand, research indicatesthat exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed femalebodies is linked todepression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habitsin womenand girls.
D． The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related EatingDisorders, Inc. says that one out of everyfour college-aged women usesunhealthy methods of weight control--including fasting, skippingmeals,excessive exercise, laxative (泻药． abuse, andself-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affectingyoung girls:the Canadian Women's Health Network warns that weight control measures are nowbeing takenby girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar.Several studies, such as one conducted by MarikaTiggemann and Levina Clark in2006 titled "Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media andPeerInfluences on Body Dissatisfaction," indicate that nearly half of allpreadolescent girls wish to be thinner, andas a result have engaged in a dietor are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that35percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50to 70 percent of normal weightgirls believe they are overweight. Overallresearch indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with theirappearance insome way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, "Women are sold tothe diet industryby the magazines we read and the television programs we watch,almost all of which make us feel anxiousabout our weight."
E． Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of femalebeauty are unattainable for all but a verysmall number of women. Researchersgenerating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions,forexample, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of herupper body, and her bodywould be too narrow to contain more than halfa liverand a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built thatway would suffer fromchronic diarrhea ( 慢性腹泻． and eventually die frommalnutrition. Jill Barad,President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie．, estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own atleast oneBarbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek asimilarly underweight body isepidemic, and they can suffer equally devastatinghealth consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to450,000 Canadian womenwere affected by an eating disorder.
F． Researchers report thatwomen's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articlespromotingweight loss than men's magazines do, and over three-quarters of thecovers of women's magazines include atleast one message about how to change awoman's bodily appearance--by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery.Television andmovies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman's worth.Canadianresearcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the femalecharacters in TV situation comedies areunderweight, and only one in twenty areabove average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negativecomments frommale characters about their bodies ("How about wearing a sack?" ．, and 80 percent of thesenegative comments are followed by cannedaudience laughter.
G． There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (抵制，反抗． the trend. For several years the Quebecmagazine Coup de Pouce hasconsistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelainehaspledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 yearsof age. In Madrid, one of theworld's biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thinmodels were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spainhas recentlyundergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using aunique process inwhich a laser beam is used to measure real life women's bodiesin order to find the most tree to lifemeasurement.
H． Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women inthe media. A 2008 study conducted byJuanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled"A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal ofWomen ofColor in Mainstream Women's Magazines" found that although there was anincrease in therepresentation of women of c01our, overall white women wereoverrepresented in mainstream women'smagazines from 1999 to 2004.
I． The barrage of messagesabout thinness, dieting and beauty tells "ordinary" women that theyare always inneed of adjustment--and that the female body is an object to beperfected. Jean Kilboume argues that theoverwhelming presence of media imagesof painfully thin women means that real women's bodies have become invisible in the mass media。 The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many womeninternalizethese stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry'sstandards. Women learn to comparethemselves to other women, and to compete withthem for male attention: This focus on beauty and desirability"effectivelydestroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate."
根据以上内容，回答题.
A report in Teen magazineshowed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.
1、Passage One Questions are based on the following passage．
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations．Later he used sharp bone or horn,metal knives and more recently,rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck，in surgical instrument terms，for many years．In the l960s a new tool was developed，one which was，first of all，to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry,but which was also，in time，to revolutionize the art and science of surgery, The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world，for a very large number of different complaints．The word“laser”means：light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation．As we all know,light is hot，any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—will give warmth．But light is usually spread out over a wide area．The Light in a laser beam，however，is concentrated．This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells．It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of human eye without harming the front of the eye，simply by passing a laser beam right though the eye-ball．No knives，no stitches，no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable。So much more difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting．Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective．Altogether,tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically．
Which of the following is NOT a tool used for surgical operations before the 1960s?
A．Bone．
B．Metal knives．
C．Scissors．
D．Rubber and plastic．
2、根据下列材料，请回答题：
While it's easy enough to brush off a few sleepless nights with a pot of coffee and the occasional desk nap, you may be doing more harm than you realise. According to a new study from Surrey University, having less than six hours of sleep per night can actually shut down genes that play a key role in the body's 36 of self-repair.
We rely on our genes to constantly produce the proteins needed to 37 the wear on our bodies'tissue that we suffer throughout the day. But when scientists divided 26 volunteers into two groups—one of which slept for less than 6 hours per night for an entire week and the other for 10 hours per night—some of the sleep-deprived group's genes actually stopped working.
The functions of 711 genes in total were altered in some way, 38 ones involved in metabolism ( 新陈代谢), inflammation (炎症), immunity and stress. There is some good news though: a week of normal sleep was enough to 39 the malfunctioning genes back to peak condition, but should the40 sleep patterns continue, health problems that aren't, quite so easily reversible, like obesity (肥胖)and heart disease, have a 41 chance of cropping up. And this study only scratches the 42.
according to Professor Colin Smith, one of the scientists 43 in the study: This is only a week of sleep 44 and it is only five and a haft or six hours a night. Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks, months and maybe even years so we have no idea how much 45 it might be.
A．accessing
B．amounted
C．approaching
D．attract
E．casual
F．charactexs
G．fresh
H．ignore
I．increasingly
J．messages
K．patiently
L．tiny
M．total
N．violated
O．vital
请回答（36）题__________.
3、根据以下资料，回答题：
New evidence of a sick, deprived population working under harshconditions contradicts earlier images of wealth and abundance from the artrecords of the ancient Egyptian city of Tell el-Amarna, a study has found．Tell el-Amarna was the capital of ancient Egypt during the reign of the pharaoh (法老) Akhenaten, who abandoned most of Egypt's old gods in favor of the Aten sun disk andbrought in a new and more expressive style of art．Akhenaten, who ruled Egypt between 1379 and 1362BC, built and lived in Tell el-Amarna in central Egypt for 15 years．The city was largely abandoned shortlyafter his death and the ascendance of the famous boy king Tutankhamun to the throne．Studies on the remains of ordinary ancient Egyptians in a cemetery in Tell el-Amarna showed thatmany of them suffered from anem/a (贫血症 ), fractured bones, stunted growth and high juvenilemortality rates, according to professors Barry Kemp and Jerome Rose, who led the research．Rose, a professor of anthropology (人类学) in the University of Arkansas in the United States, saidadults buried in the cemetery were probably brought there from other parts of Egypt．"This means that wehave a period of deprivation in Egypt prior to the Amarna phase．So maybe things were not so good for theaverage Egyptian and maybe Akhenaten said we have to change to make things better," he said．Kemp, director of the Amarna Project which seeks in part to increase public knowledge of Tell el-Amarna and surrounding region, said little attention has been given to the cemeteries of ordinary ancient Egyptians．Rose displayed pictures showing spinal (脊柱) injuries among teenagers, probably because of accidents during construction work to build the city．The study showed that anemia ran at 74 percent among children and teenagers, and at 44 percentamong adults, Rose said．The average height of men was 159 cm (5 feet 2 inches) and 153 cm among women．"Adult heights are used as an indicator for overall standard of living," he said．"Short statures(身长) reflect a diet deficient in protein．．．People were not growing to their full potential．"
What is the findings of the study mentioned in the passage?
A．The ancient Tell el-Amarna was famous for its art records．
B．The artistic exhibition of ancient Tell el-Amarna was trustworthy．
C．The art records of Tell el-Amarna showed ancient Egyptians' real life．
D．Life was really tough for average Egyptians in ancient Tell el-Amarna．
4、Passage Two
Questions are based on the following passage.
Levittown was the name given to three suburban developments constructed in the post World War II decades by Levitt and Sons, the most important private builder of this period. Using new mass production techniques they had learned while building housing for military personnel during the Second World War, they turned home building from a cottage industry into a major manufacturing process.
During World War II, they received government contracts to build homes for war workers. Under deadline pressure, they developed mass production methods to build houses quickly. These techniques were carried over to their postwar suburban developments. On May 7, 1947, William Levitt announced his plans to build 2,000 houses in a former potato field in the state of New York. Then, by the time this Levittown was completed in 1951, it had contained 17,450 homes for 75,000 people in New York. Levitt eventually built two more Levittowns, in the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Each contained the same curving streets, community pools, and neighborhood parks, play grounds as the first development did.
Some observers criticized the monotonous uniformity of the Levittowns, charging that they are just the symbol of materialism, but Levittowns were overwhelmingly welcomed by the public. They were cheap, comfortable, efficient, and ideal for young people just starting out in life. Thousands of middle class people, especially some young couples, crowded in city apartments, or still living with their parents, rushed to purchase them. Fourteen hundred contracts were signed in one day in 1949.
Levittown symbolized the most significant social trend of the postwar era in the United States----the flight to the suburbs. The resulting massive shift in population from the central city to the suburbs was accompanied by a baby “boom” that started after soldiers returned home from World War II and got married. By 1960, one-third of the nation’s population lived in the suburbs. The nation underwent its greatest increase in population since 1910.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．Levittown was built by William Levitt with the mass-production method.
B．Levittown served as an ideal and leading example of social changes in the U. S. after World War II.
C．Increases in the population of the United States after the war.
D．Why there was a housing shortage after World War II
填空题
5、So badly_________(他在车祸中受伤)that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year．
6、Questions are based onthe following passage.
If it were only necessary to decidewhether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to findind thegifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairlysimple. The public school 36_________ ,however, has no suchchoice, for the job must be 37_________ on at the same time.Because we depend so 38_________ uponscience and technology for our progress,we must produce 39_________ in many fields. Because wc live in ademocraticnation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, largenumbers of us must be educated to understand, tosupport, and when necessary,to 40_________ the work of experts. The public school musteducate both producars andusers of scientific services.
In education, there should be a goodbalance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effectivethinkingand wise judgment. Such balance is 41_________ by too much emphasison any one field. This question ofbalance involves not only the relation of thenatural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative 42_________ "among the natural sciencestbemselves.
Similarly, wc must have a balance betweencurrent and 43_________ knowledge. The attention of the public is 44_________drawn to new possibilities inscientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not beallowed toturn our attention away from the sound,45_________ materials thatform the basis of courses for beginners.
A． awarded
B ． heavily
C． classical
D． display
E． established
F． system
G． involved
H．defeated
I．continually
J． specially
K．emphases
L． establishment
M． specialists
N． carded
O． judge
第(36)题__________.
7、 第29题为（ ）
8、It’strue that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures，__________(即使我们投入时间和金钱)．
简答题
9、 Will E-books Replace Traditional Books?
1.现在年轻人流行在网上看电子书籍
2.有人认为电子书籍会取代传统书籍
3.你的看法
10、
Beauty and Body Image in theMedia
A． Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their bodyparts--sell everything from food to cars.Popular film and television actressesare becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known tofaint onthe set from lack of food. Women's magazines are full &articles urging thatif they can just lose thoselast twentypounds, they'll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex,and a rewarding careerB． Why arc standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majorityofwhom are naturally larger and moremature than any of the models? The roots,some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult toachieve andmaintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries arc assured of growth andprofits. And it's noaccident that youth is increasingly promoted, along withthinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not allwomen need to loseweight, for sure they're all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women'sHealth inits 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disasterthat needs to be dealt with.
C． The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies arc more likely tobuybeauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the dietindustry alone is worth anywherebetween 40 to 100 billion (U.S.． a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regainthe lostweight．. On the other hand, research indicatesthat exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed femalebodies is linked todepression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habitsin womenand girls.
D． The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related EatingDisorders, Inc. says that one out of everyfour college-aged women usesunhealthy methods of weight control--including fasting, skippingmeals,excessive exercise, laxative (泻药． abuse, andself-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affectingyoung girls:the Canadian Women's Health Network warns that weight control measures are nowbeing takenby girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar.Several studies, such as one conducted by MarikaTiggemann and Levina Clark in2006 titled "Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media andPeerInfluences on Body Dissatisfaction," indicate that nearly half of allpreadolescent girls wish to be thinner, andas a result have engaged in a dietor are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that35percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50to 70 percent of normal weightgirls believe they are overweight. Overallresearch indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with theirappearance insome way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, "Women are sold tothe diet industryby the magazines we read and the television programs we watch,almost all of which make us feel anxiousabout our weight."
E． Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of femalebeauty are unattainable for all but a verysmall number of women. Researchersgenerating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions,forexample, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of herupper body, and her bodywould be too narrow to contain more than halfa liverand a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built thatway would suffer fromchronic diarrhea ( 慢性腹泻． and eventually die frommalnutrition. Jill Barad,President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie．, estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own atleast oneBarbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek asimilarly underweight body isepidemic, and they can suffer equally devastatinghealth consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to450,000 Canadian womenwere affected by an eating disorder.
F． Researchers report thatwomen's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articlespromotingweight loss than men's magazines do, and over three-quarters of thecovers of women's magazines include atleast one message about how to change awoman's bodily appearance--by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery.Television andmovies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman's worth.Canadianresearcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the femalecharacters in TV situation comedies areunderweight, and only one in twenty areabove average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negativecomments frommale characters about their bodies ("How about wearing a sack?" ．, and 80 percent of thesenegative comments are followed by cannedaudience laughter.
G． There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (抵制，反抗． the trend. For several years the Quebecmagazine Coup de Pouce hasconsistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelainehaspledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 yearsof age. In Madrid, one of theworld's biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thinmodels were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spainhas recentlyundergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using aunique process inwhich a laser beam is used to measure real life women's bodiesin order to find the most tree to lifemeasurement.
H． Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women inthe media. A 2008 study conducted byJuanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled"A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal ofWomen ofColor in Mainstream Women's Magazines" found that although there was anincrease in therepresentation of women of c01our, overall white women wereoverrepresented in mainstream women'smagazines from 1999 to 2004.
I． The barrage of messagesabout thinness, dieting and beauty tells "ordinary" women that theyare always inneed of adjustment--and that the female body is an object to beperfected. Jean Kilboume argues that theoverwhelming presence of media imagesof painfully thin women means that real women's bodies have become invisible in the mass media。 The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many womeninternalizethese stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry'sstandards. Women learn to comparethemselves to other women, and to compete withthem for male attention: This focus on beauty and desirability"effectivelydestroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate."
根据以上内容，回答题.
A report in Teen magazineshowed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.
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