单项选择题
1、Questions are based onthe following passage.
　　Is it possible to persuade mankind to livewithout war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for atleast sixthousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past thehuman race managed to live withit. Modern ingenuity (创造力． has changed this. Either Man will abolishwar, or war will abolish Man. For thepresent, it is nuclear weapons that causethe most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons, maybeforelong, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclearweapons, our work will not be done. Itwill never be done until we havesucceeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind tolookupon international questions in a new way, not as contests of forec, inwhich the victory goes to the side which ismost skillful in killing people, butby arbitration (调解． in accordance with agreedprinciples of law. It is not easyto change very old mental habits, but this iswhat must be attempted.
　　There are those who say that the adoptionoft_his or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a bigerror.All ideologies are based on dogmatic ( 教条式的． statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst,totallyfalse. Their adherents believe in them fanatically (狂热地． that they are willing to go to war in support ofthem.
　　Themovement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely suchas we can welcome. Ithas become a commonplace ( 老生长谈． that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficultproblemsremain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approachedis a better one than it was some years ago. Ithas begun to be thought, even bythe powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations  should reach agreements even if both sides donot find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to beunderstoodthat the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, butbetween Man and the atombomb.
This passage implies thatwar now is _________
A．worse than in the past
B．as badas in the past
C．not so dangerous as in the past
D．as necessary as in the past

2、听音频：
根据所听到的内容，回题。

A．He was sentenced to jail in court.
B．He caused a serious traffic accident.
C．He broke the traffic rules.
D．He accused the traffic police of overcharging.

3、根据以下资料，回答题：
        Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke was named Person of the Year by Time magazine on Wednesday, 36 him a helping hand as he tries to ward off 37 that might weaken the Fed’s independence．
        The selection puts the mild．mannered Bernanke，a former professor，in the company of U．S．President Barack Obama。Pope John Paul II and Russian President Vladimir Putin．
among other 38 world figures the magazine has picked in past years．
        The Senate is considering Bernanke’s 39 to a second term to head the Fed—the U．S．Central bank-and while he is expected to win 40 ，criticism of the Fed among the purified and members of Congress is at its highest in decades．
        The Fed worries that congressional second-guessing of its policy 41 would compromise its fiercely-guarded independence．
        One poll by Rasmussen Reports showed public support for Bernanke’s nomination at a scant 21 percent，with 41 percent 42 opposition，but he continues to enjoy support on Wall Street and among many lawmakers．
        “Ben is the person that 43 us from going over the edge of the danger and into the abyss(深渊)，”said fondler Fed Governor Lyle Gram ley．now a Senior economic adviser at Soleus Securities．
        But Republican Senator Jim Bunnin9，one of the Fed’s sharpest critics，said Time’s pick was a reward for“failure”．
        “Many of the problems our markets are facing right now could have been 44 had Chairman Bemadam not been asleep at the switch(玩忽职守，错过机会)．”Bumming said．in a statement．
        Time credited the 56-year-old Bernanke with 45 leadership that helped set the U.S，economy a path to recovery even as he and other policy makers remain concerned about a high unemployment rate,of 10 percent．
A．avoided
B．confirmation
C．creative
D．cute
E．decisions
F．denied
G．giving
H．kept
I．nomination
J．policies
K．prominent
L．promotion,
M．proposals
N．putting
O．stating

36.__________


4、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Food waste has been a serious problem for restaurants and grocery stores—with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. "We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen, and he elephant is this ' It's okay to waste' belief system," said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath. A company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. “ You have to go back and get your silverware and your drink, but it's not that different,” said Caitlin Mew born, a freshman. “It's not a big deal. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should. ” Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to food at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.

According to the first paragraph,
A． lots of food are wasted as crops are hauled from far away
B． food waste is the most serious problems for restaurants and stores
C． experts put forward many proposals to solve the issue of trash
D． .busy restaurant assembly lines produce millions of tons of trash


5、根据下列材料，请回答题：
We all like to feel needed．But new research suggests having a sense of　Purpose is good for our health, too,In a study of 7,000 people, those with the strongest sense of direction in　life were over 70 percent less likely to suffer a stroke.The researchers 36 for other aggravating factors such as blood pressure and alcohol use and believe the 37 comes through regulating the immune system,
it has long been thought that 38 meaningful activity after retirement is important for physical and mental health-which often declines 39 soon after retirement.But while past research focused on the 40 effects of negative psychological traits, such as depression and anxiety, new research is investigating how positive traits, such as 41, protect against illness.In the recent study, men and women aged 50 and over were 42 for four to five years and completed psychological tests while researchers recorded strokes.The results show that the higher someone's sense of purpose, the lower their risk of a stroke．Those with the greatest sense of   purpose were 73 percent less likely to Suffer a stroke compared to those with the lowest.Other research has shown that positive mood can lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol (荷尔蒙 ), also  43  in stroke.“This is significant as we have an 44 population and it helps show what behaviours  prevent people from getting ill,” says Cary Cooper, professor of health psychology at Lancaster University.“Maybe 45 is not good for some．”
A．accounted
B．ageing
C．ambition
D．damaging
E．decreasing
F．dramatically
G．effect
H．gradually
I．implicated
J．optimism
K．outstanding
L．pursuing
M．retirement
N．searched
O．tracked
请回答（36）题__________.
A．accounted
B．ageing
C．ambition
D．damaging
E．decreasing
F．dramatically
G．effect
H．gradually
I．implicated
J．optimism
K．outstanding
L．pursuing
M．retirement
N．searched
O．tracked

6、Questions are based on the following passage．
　　It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic．Today,we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution，the problem is literally worldwide．On several occasions over the past decade，a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings
　　even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic．In fact， the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution．
　　Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels(coal and oil．is creating a“greenhouse effect”一holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature．If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees。much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New Y0rk，Boston，Miami，and New Orleans will be under water．
　　Another view,less widely held，is that increasing particulate matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature—a result that would be equally disastrous．A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas．
　　At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen，though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely．Perhaps，if we are very lucky,the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will
　　stay about the same as it is now．
　　According to the passage，people today think that air pollution________．
A．exists merely in urban and industrial areas
B．may have an effect on the entire earth
C．causes widespread damage in the countryside
D．is not so serious as it used to be


7、Passage Two
Questions are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．They like music.
B．They want to express something.
C．They sing for enjoyment.
D．They are in a good temper.


8、Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C．and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．To live in the increasingly competitive world.
B．To succeed in school work.
C．To deal with stress effectively.
D．To please everyone, especially their parents.


简答题
9、回答题：
　　A) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets were turned on. Nowthree new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine.
　　B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child's bedroom can have onthird graders. "We looked at the household media environment in relation to academic achievementon mathematics, reading and language arts tests," said study author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an as-sistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
　　C)  Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, collected data on386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watched, the number of TVsets, computers and video game consoles in the household and where they were. They also collecteddata on how much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the time spent doinghomework and reading. The researchers found that the media in the household, where it is and howit is used can have a profound effect on learning. "We found that the household media environmenthas a very close association with performance on the different test scores," Borzekowski said.
　　D)  "A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely to have a score that is eight points lower ona mathematics test compared to a child who doesn't have a TV in the bedroom," she noted. Thesechildren also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests. However, children who have ac-cess to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with chil-dren who don't have access to a home computer, Borzekowski noted.
　　E) The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. "When there's TVin the bedroom, parents are less likely to have control over the content and the amount watched,"Borzekowski said. "They are also unable to know how early or how late the set is on. This seemsto be associated with kids' performance on academic tests." Borzekowski believes that content andthe time the TV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect. "If the TV is in the familyroom, then parents can see the content of what children are watching," she said. "Parents can chooseto sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strat-egy is to keep the TV out of the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there."
　　F) In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand,and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TVduring childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s. In their study,the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Every two years, between the ages of5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. The researchers found that those whowatched the most television during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were 26."We found that the more television the child had watched, the more likely they were to leave schoolwithout any qualifications," Hancox said in a prepared statement. "Those who watched little televi-sion had the best chance of going on to university and earning a degree."
　　G) Hancox's team found that watching TV at an early age had the most effect on graduating from col-lege. "An interesting finding was that although teenage viewing was strongly linked to leavingschool without any qualifications, it was earlier childhood viewing that had the greatest impact ongetting a degree," he said. "This suggests that excessive television in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educational performance."
　　H) In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr. Dimitri A. Christakis from the University of Washington report that, for very young children, watching TV can result in lower test scores inmathematics, reading recognition and reading comprehension. "We looked at how much televisionchildren watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5," Zimmerman said. "We found that for chil-dren who watched a small amount of TV in the earlier years, there was co nsiderable beneficial ef-fect compared to children who watched a lot of TV."
　　I) For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear, Zimmerman said. "There were some beneficialeffects of watching TV on reading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary," he noted. "Theworst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TV before age 3. Those kids had a significantdisadvantage compared to the other kids." Parents should follow the American Academy of Pediat-rics recommendation, which is no TV for children under 2, Zimmerman said. "Personally, I feel thecutoff should be children under 3, because there is just not any good content for children under 3."
　　J) One expert believes that TV can have both positive and negative effects, but it all depends on whatchildren are watching. "Content matters," said Deborah L. Linebarger, an assistant professor at theUniversity of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanying editorial. "Educational content hasbeen found to be related to performance on school readiness tests, higher grades when they are teen-agers, whereas, non-educational content tends to be associated with lower academic performance."
　　K) Another expert agrees. "TV watching takes up space that could be used by more useful things," saidDr. Christopher P. Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and TreatmentProgram at the New York University Child Study Center. "TV is not necessarily toxic, but is some-thing that has to be done in moderation; something that balances the other needs of the child forhealthy development."
　　L) Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kids watch and what they watch squarely on par-ents. "The amount of TV watching certainly has a link with the reduced amount of time reading ordoing homework," he said. "The key is the amount of control parents have in limiting the amount ofaccess. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be aware of what is being watched; limit the amount of TVwatching."
According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests.

10、Honesty Should Be Treasured