选词填空
1. 回答37-21题：


A．academic
B．access
C．accompany
D．clearly
E．comprehension
F．context
G．enables
H．encountered
I．enhances
J．entertaining
K．exposes
L．independenfly
M．specific
N．stick
O．survival


36.___________

2. Passage Two
Questions21-56 are based on the passage you have just heard.


A．Two or three-degree rise in temperature will happen soon.
B．The environment will become less influenced.
C．Up to 13% of plants and animals will disappear.
D．Humans will suffer from heat stress and tropical diseases.

3. Questions56-47are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individUalS found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. "Manyof these people made their wealth by doing sometting they're passionate (有激情的) about,”.says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas.  " Given the.. choice,  they prefer to continue workirtg, "  Barclays calls these people"nevertirees."
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictiolls, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. tf 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it's working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. "People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,, he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was. recently disappointed to see his son retire.
"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement," says George LeeSon, codirector of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once ret~rement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside, What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution, "
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing, On the one hand, companies and financial
firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient ( 坚韧的 ) chief, On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance--an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.


What do we learn about the so-called "nevertiree$" ?
A．They are passionate about making a fortune.
B．They have no choice but to continue working.
C．They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D．They will not retire unless they are compelled to.

4. 根据以下资料，回答47-61题：
        A. Like many of its Caribbean neighbors, Haiti once drew many tourists. But decades of political instability, repression and poverty, as well as natural disasters, led to the decay of the tourism infrastructure, and almost no visitors come now. Officials would like to change that. The arts town of
Jacmel is one place they think could be a start.
        B. A couple of untidy aid workers were sucking down Sunday morning beers at the Hotel Florita here when the minister of tourism rolled up to the roadside, followed by the interior minister with body guards and then the star of the show, New York fashion designer Donna Karan of DKNY. The notables
were in Jacmel, the funky (含有黑人韵味的爵士 ) art and carnival capital of Haiti, to plot the transformation of the earthquake-rattled port from a faded flower of the Caribbean to a resort destination for celebrities.
        C. "We're trying to rebrand Haiti, and so we're bringing Donna here to help us with our vision," TourismMinister Stephanie Balrmir Villedrouin said in an interview. "We're trying to raise the bar a little bit,"Said Karma, as she swept through the abandoned Hotel Jacmeliernne--its seaside swimming pool greenwith grass, its overgrown gardens littered with broken glass--" Oh. we can definitely work with this!"
        D. As hard as it may be for young Haitians to believe, their country was once a tourist destination. Evenduring the bad old days of the Duvaiier dictatorships ( 独裁), the tourists came. Or at least a few: seeGraham Greene's 1966 novel The Comedians, set incidentally at a hotel and based on a real-lifemansion (大厦), the Hotel Oloffson in the capital; the hotel is still in operation but is now run byRichard Morse, front man for the rock band RAM and the new government's special political envoy (大使) to the Americas. Today, nobody visits Haiti for fun, except Haitians returning from the abroad.The arrivals at the Port-au-Prince airport is filled with Baptist missionaries, UN officials and Americannurses--not a real tourist in sight.
Tourism dollars
        E. Yet across the Caribbean, revenue from tourism represents about 16 percent of gross domesticproduct, and many island nations, such as the Bahamas, Barbados and Antigua, generate at least athird of their GDP from visitors. For most of the Caribbean, tourists' dollars, euros and pesos (比索)are the No. 1 source of foreign investment.
        F. Haiti let its tourism infrastructure degrade over three decades of political instability, hurricanes,earthquakes and deadly disease. But the poorest country in the Western hemisphere has a lot to offerthe adventuresome visitor, according to international planners and Haitian officials. The Creole Frenchcuisine (美食) here is some of the best in the Caribbean; its artisans are of world renown, its blend ofAfrican and Spanish music unique. All this, and rock music, too.
        G. The still-evolving plans for Haiti 2. 0 forecast Jacmel as a stand-alone destination, meaning touristswould not land in the disordered, dangerous, poor capital, Port-au-Prince, but arrive directly here viaair or boat.
        H.With development aid from banks and donor nations, the government of former carnival singer andcurrent President Michel Martelly is planning to extend the airport runway at Jacmel so it canacconunodate small jets that would shuttle from Miami and Fort Lauderdale, Fla. ; Puerto Rico; and Guadaloupe. The deserted port is also scheduled for restoration to allow big cruise ships to dock.
        I. in the late 1800s, Jacmel was an important Caribbean crossroads in Haiti—then called the "Pearl of theAntilles"--and its downtown still harbors the Creole architecture of iron balconies and shuttered ware houses for coffee and orange peel. The town reminds many visitors of the French Quarter in New Orleans, and it hosts one of the best carnivals in the Caribbean, as well as a music festival and a filmfestival, now straggling to gain promotion again after the 2010 earthquake.
Seeing potential in ruin
        J.Donna Karan knows Jacmel well; she shot her fall catalog at the Hotel Florita. The New Yorker gamelyjumped into the bed of a small track for a tour of town. It stopped at the Manoir Alexandre, once the most prominent building in the city and now a rain that is slowly being restored by Leon Paul, aHaitian American orthopedic surgeon from New York.
K. "We want to restore the mansion to its former glory, but as you can see, that is a big job," Paul saidas he walked Karan through the property, with its peeling wallpaper, holes in the roof, missing stairsand tilting balcony.
        L. He said Jacmel, his home town, will rise from the ruins, and he promised that someday soon, Haitiansand visitors will be sitting in his restored mansion, listening to a band, drinking rum and celebrating.
As Karan crawled through the ruins, she saw not despair, but hope: "Wow. Look at this. These aremy colors. The rust, yellow and blue. Take a picture. This is perfect!"


In the Caribbean, Jacmel is well-known for its music festival, film festival and carnivals.

5. Questions 61-47 are based on the following passage.
        The number of postgraduate students travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK universities has fallen for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the government's immigration crackdown is discouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Brid.
        Jo Beall, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm among UK vice-chancellors (大学行政主管). "The sector was expecting a decline in growth, but the actual reduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international-students make up the m~ority of numbers in many postgraduate courses and research teams in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. ""Attracting the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical if the UK is to maintain its quality reputation for research," Beall said.
        Universities get a third of their tuition (学费) fee revenue from non-EU students. There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue-as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students bring--is being put at risk.
        Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the fees were starting to look elsewhere.
        Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview more than 100,000 applicants in an attempt to prevent bogus (假冒的) ones entering the country. She also said immigrants were responsible for pushing up UK house prices. The comments followed the introduction of new limitations on students' right to work during and after their studies.
        Beall said:" Government statistics for the first time provide real evidence that the changes to UK visa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK, and in particular postgraduate students Who are so important to the UKs research output. The UK enjoys an eXcellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international students who make a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK. "

What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK?
A．The increase in tuition and fees.
B．The ever-rising living expenses.
C．Changed immigration policies.
D．Universities' tightened budgets

6. 根据材料，回答47-61题：
Why Teenagers Really Do Need an Extra Hour in Bed?
A) "Making teens start school in the morning is 'cruel' ," brain doctor claims. So declared a British newspaper headline in 2007 after a talk I gave at an academic conference.  One disbelieving reader responded:  " This man sounds brain-dead. "
B) That was a typical reaction to work I was reporting at the time on teenage sleep patterns and their effect on performance at school. Six years on there is growing acceptance that the structure of the academic day needs to take account of adolescent sleep patterns. The latest school to adopt a later start time is the UCL Academy in London; others are considering following suit.
C) So what are the facts about teenage sleep, and how should society adjust to these needs? The biology of human sleep timing, like that of other mammals, changes as we age. This has been shown in many studies. As adolescence begins, bedtimes and waking times get later. This trend continues until 19.5 years in women and 21 in men. Then it reverses. At 55 we wake at about the time we woke prior to adolescence. On average this is two hours earlier than adolescents. This means that for a teenager, a 7 a.m. alarm call is the equivalent of a 5 a.m. start for a person in their 50s.
D) Precisely why this is so is unclear but the shifts related with changes in hormones (荷尔蒙) at adolescence and the decline in those hormones as we age. However, biology is only part of the  problem. Additional factors include a more relaxed attitude to bedtimes by parents, a general disregard  for the importance of sleep, and access to TVs, DVDs, PCs, gaming devices, cell phones and so on,  all of which promote alertness and eat into time available for sleep.
E) The amoount of sleep teenagers get varies between countries, geographic region and social class, but all  studies show they are going to bed later and not getting as much sleep as they need because of early  school starts.
F) Mary Carskadon at Brown University in Providence. Rhode Island, who is a pioneer in the area of  adolescent sleep, has shown that teenagers need about 9 hours a night to maintain full alertness and academic perforruance. My own recent observations at a UK school in Liverpool suggested many were getting just 5 hours on a school night. Unsurprisingly. teachers reported students dozing in class.
G) Evidence that sleep is important is overwhelming. Elegant research has demonstrated its critical role in memory improvement and our ability to generate wise sohitions to complex problems. Sleep disruption may increase the level of the stress. Excited behaviors, lack of empathy, sense of humor and mood are similarly affected. All in all, a tired adolescent is a moody, insensitive, angry and stressed one. Perhaps less obviously, sleep loss is associated with metabolic (新陈代谢的) changes. Long-term lack of sleep might be an important factor for negative conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病), overweight and high blood pressure.
H) Adolescents are increasingly using stimulants to compensate for sleep loss, and caf, feinated (含咖啡咽的) and/or sugary drinks are the usual choice. So a caffeinated drink late in the day delays sleep at night. Tiredness also increases the likelihood of taking up smoking.
I) In the US, the observation that teenagers have biologically delayed sleep patterns compared to adults prompted several schools to put back the start of the school day. An analysis of the impact by Kyla Wahlstrom at the University of Minnesota found that academic performance was enhanced, as was attendance. Sleeping in class declined, as did self-reported depression. In the UK, Monkseaton High School near Newcastle instituted a 10 am start in 2009 and saw a progress in academic perfomance. J) However, a later start by itself is not enough. Society in general, and teenagers in particular, must start to take sleep seriously. Sleep is not a luxury but a ftmdamental biological need, enhancing creativity, productivity, mood and the ability to interact with others.
K) ff you are dependent upon an alarm clock, or parent, to get you out of bed ; if you take a long time to wake up; if you feel sleepy and impatient during the day; ff your behavior is overly impulsive, it means you are probably not getting enough sleep. Take control. Ensure the bedroom is a place that promotes sleep-dark and not too warm-don't text, use a computer or watch TV for at least half an hour before trying to sleep avoid avoid bright lights. Try not to nap during the day, and seek out natural light in the morning to adjust the body clock and sleep patterns to an earlier time. Avoid caffeinated drinks after lunch.
L) It is my strongly held View, based upon the evidence, that the efforts of dedicated (专注的，投入的) teachers and the money spent on school facilities will have a greater impact and education will be more rewarding when, collectively, teenagers, parents, teachers and school governors start to take sleep seriously. In the universal language of school reports: we must do better.


In the US and UK, several schools that have delayed the start of the school day witnessed a progress in academic performance.
7. Questions61-56 are based onthe following passage.
　　Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle's husband,an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packeda small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and ina state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, therehad been nothing wrong with their marriage.
　　Every day of the year a small group of menand women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or agoodbye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, theirworries and their confused families behind them.
　　Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearlyas many women were reported missing from home --
　　the highest in 15 years. Manydid return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and arenow living a new life somewhere under a different identity.
　　To those left behind this form ofdesertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even thefinality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection orfailure. Worse than that ,people can be left with an unfinished marriage, notknowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free tostart a fresh life.
　　Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believesmost departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive."It's typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore otherpeople's pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is ahighly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feelguilty, upset and empty."
　　
When her husband left home,Eileen Doyle________
A．could not forgive him fortaking the children
B．had been expecting it tohappen for some time
C．could not understand why
D．blamed herself for what hadhappened

8. 回答56-56问题：
     Wouldn’t it be great if you could just look up at the sky and read the weather forecast right away?
     Well，you can．The forecast is written in clouds．If you can read that writing，you can tell something about the atmosphere．With some practice，you can become a pretty good weather forecaster．Who knows，you might even do as well as meteorologists．
     Meteorologists use much more information than just the appearance of the clouds to make their forecast．They collect data from all over the world．Then they put it into powerful，high—speed computers．This does give the meteorologists an advantage，because they can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country．But you have an advantage，too．You can look at the sky and get your data directly．A meteorologist USCS a computer forecast that’s several hours old to make a local forecast．
     What are you seeing when you look at a cloud?“A picture of moisture is doing in the atmosphere，”says meteorologist Peter Leavitt．There’s moisture throughout the atmosphere．Most of the time you don’t see it，because it’s in the form of an invisible gas called water vapor．Sometimes，the temperature of the air gets cold enough to cause the water vapor to change to liquid water．It’s called condensation，and we see it happen all the time(for example，when humid air from the shower hits the cold glasses of a mirror)．When enough water vapor condenses，droplets come in the air．These droplets scatter light．A cloud is seen．
     Watching clouds over a day or two tells you a lot more than a single cloud about the weather to come．Changes in clouds show changes in the atmosphere．You should begin to notice pattems．Certain clouds，following each other in order,can signal an approaching storm．But don’t take our word for it；see for yourself．

The word“meteorologists”in the first paragraph means_______．
A．people who broadcast weather on TV
B．people who are in charge of weather forecast
C．experts who study the earth’s atmosphere and its changes
D．experts who study the earth’s crust，rocks，strata and the history of its development

9. Questions 56-61 are based on the following passage.
　　I've been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinctionand one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mindand the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel nomatter how much we might like to think so.
　　Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter.If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture afleeting ( 稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it withthe world in raw form; no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want tomake writing the tool for thinking that it is.
　　The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls"free writing". In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. Nostopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideaswill come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
　　Now you have taw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you've persuaded tosit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually haveand you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near.
　　Instead of staring at a blank screen, start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through youravailable time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forthuntil you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind "cannot work in parallel" (Line 3, Para.1 ) in the writing process, he means ____
A．no one can be both creative and critical
B．they cannot be regarded as equally important
C．they are in constant conflict with each other
D．one cannot use them at the same time

10. Questions {TSE} are based on the following passage.
　　I don't ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people askedconstantly for stories about what it's like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling thosestories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do fred interesting is the origin of the universe, theshape' of space-time and the nature of black holes.
　　At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in theclassroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started tobother me. My every achievement--jobs, research papers, awards--was viewed through the lens of gender (性 别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain.versus (相对于)fight brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
　　Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply toany and all provocations: I don't falk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burdenon every female scientist? After all, I don't study sociology or political theory.
　　Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked mehow many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer:45. I know some 9fmY students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. AndI don't dismiss those concerns. Still, I don't tell them "war" stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual oftheir physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about.
 
Why doesn't the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A．She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B．She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C．She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D．She finds space research more important.