2014年英语四级考试每日一练(10月13日)
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1. Questions56-36are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individUalS found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. "Manyof these people made their wealth by doing sometting they're passionate (有激情的) about,”.says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. " Given the.. choice, they prefer to continue workirtg, " Barclays calls these people"nevertirees."
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictiolls, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. tf 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it's working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. "People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,, he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was. recently disappointed to see his son retire.
"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement," says George LeeSon, codirector of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once ret~rement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside, What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution, "
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing, On the one hand, companies and financial
firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient ( 坚韧的 ) chief, On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance--an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
What do we learn about the so-called "nevertiree$" ?
A．They are passionate about making a fortune.
B．They have no choice but to continue working.
C．They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D．They will not retire unless they are compelled to.
2. 根据以上内容，回答36-36题。
New research shows girls who regularly have family meals are much less 36 to adopt all kinds of extreme weight control 37 , such as vomiting(催吐), using laxatives (泻药) or diet pills.
A study surveying more than 2,500 American high school students found that gifts who ate five or more family meals a week had a much healthier relationship with food in later life.
The research, published in international journal Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, polled students aged 13 to 17 in 1999 who were 38 up five years later. Regular family meals were found to have a protective effect 39 of the girls' age, weight, socio-economic status, dieting 40 or relationship with her family.
Experts say doctors should encourage families to have dinner at the table instead of on the couch in front of the television to 41 against serious eating disorders.
Belinda Dalton, director of eating disorders clinic The Oak House, said eating with family helped "no'mnalise (正常化) " young people's relationship with food.
" When adolescents are feeling that they're not coping they turn to something that they can control and food is something 42 and accessible for them to control. Clearly, if they're sitting with their family on a regular basis then their family can be more in control of their eating," Ms Dalton said.
"It's about, young people feeling connected with their family and that builds self-esteem and sense of worth and that can 43 very actively against someone developing an eating disorder. " An eating disorders expert, Kirsty Greenwood, said meal times were often difficult for sufferers. "It is 44 that they feel very ashamed of their eating habits and often won't eat with other people. Perhaps it's becausee they haven't 45 the importance of the family meal in their growing up," she said.
A．available
B．behaviors
C．examined
D．experienced
E．favorable
F．followed
G．habits
H．likely
I．potential
J．prohibit
K．protect
L．regardless
M．tendencies
N．typical
O．0. work
词汇理解
3. Questions 36-36 are based on the following passage.
Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, infact, a nation which can be divided into several (36) __ parts, each part being an individual countrywith its own language, character and cultural (37) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Walesdo not claim to (38) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (39) __ "English".They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which inturn is (40) ___ to the others.
These cultural minorities (少数名族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degreesthey have managed to (41) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and wayof life. This is probably even more ture of the (42)___areas where traditional life has not been soaffected by the (43) __ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are saidto be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots would rather(44) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songsand dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (45) __ as a whole produceshumorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Bums, and the WelshDylan Thomas, to mention but a few.
A)incomprehensible
B)temper
C) remote
D) separate
E) understandable
F) forget
G) generally
H) temperament
I) preserve
J) strictly
K) traditions
L) reserve
M) growth
N) apply
O) belong
第(36)题________
4. Questions {TSE} are based on the following passage.
As warspreads to many comers of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into thecenter of conflicts. InAfghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups ofchildren have been taking part in peace education ____36____.The children,after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the ____37 ____ of peacemakers.The Children's Movement forPeace in Colombia was even nominated (提名)for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children____38____ aspeacemakers studied humanrights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with fiveotherschools in Bogota known as TheSchools of Peace.
Theclassroom ____39____ opportunities for children to replace angry, violentbehaviors with ____40____, peaceful ones. Itis in the classroom that caringand respect for each person empowers children to take a step ____41____towardbecomingpeacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many onlineresources that are ____42 ____usefulwhen helpingchildren along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, startedin 1992, provides a Website with resourcesfor teachers and ____43____ on starting a Kindness Campaign.The World Centers of Compassion for ChildrenInternational call attention tochildren's rights and how to help the ____44____of war. Starting a Peacemakers'Club is apraiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to otherclassrooms and ideally affect the culture ofthe ____45____ school.
__________
A．acting
B．assuming
C．comprehensive
D．cooperative
E．entire
F．especially
G．forward
H．images
I．information
J．offers
K．projects
L．respectively
M．role
N．technology
O．victims
第(36)题 __________
5. Unit 5
Personality is, to a large extent, inherent—A-type parents, usually bring about A-type children. But the environment must also have a 11 effect, wince if competition is important to the parents it is likely to become a major 12 in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools 13 the " win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current 14 for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being 15 keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying; "cheers, we conquer!"
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the extreme 16 on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to 17 on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat 18 , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither 19 nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to 20 a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
汉译英
6. 狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。 在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。
7. 中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔盂为代表的儒家学说(Confucianism)和以老子和庄子为代表的道家学说(Taoism)，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派(doctrines)。这就是有名的诸子百家(the masters’ hundred schools)。从孔夫子到孙中山。中华民族的传统文化有许多宝贵的思想和品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公。
8. 1．目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品；
2．举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害；
3．消除伪劣商品的方法。
9. 1．目前，各高校均对大一新生进行军训
2．有人赞成，有人反对
3．我的观点
Is It Necessary to Continue Military Training for Freshmen?
10. 老龄化对国家财政的影响众所周知——节节高攀的医疗保险和养老金(pension)支出。然而，老龄化的影响远不止于此。在老龄化社会里，劳动力市场、储蓄方式以及人口流动都会发生变化。令人担忧的是，劳动力短缺，劳动力市场不稳定，生产力下降等问题都会对发展造成严熏威胁。由二于二中囝平均收人水平仍然停留在低收入阶段，这使得中国人口老龄化问题尤其复杂。
1. Questions56-36are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individUalS found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. "Manyof these people made their wealth by doing sometting they're passionate (有激情的) about,”.says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. " Given the.. choice, they prefer to continue workirtg, " Barclays calls these people"nevertirees."
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictiolls, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. tf 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it's working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. "People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,, he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was. recently disappointed to see his son retire.
"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement," says George LeeSon, codirector of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once ret~rement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside, What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution, "
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing, On the one hand, companies and financial
firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient ( 坚韧的 ) chief, On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance--an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
What do we learn about the so-called "nevertiree$" ?
A．They are passionate about making a fortune.
B．They have no choice but to continue working.
C．They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D．They will not retire unless they are compelled to.
2. 根据以上内容，回答36-36题。
New research shows girls who regularly have family meals are much less 36 to adopt all kinds of extreme weight control 37 , such as vomiting(催吐), using laxatives (泻药) or diet pills.
A study surveying more than 2,500 American high school students found that gifts who ate five or more family meals a week had a much healthier relationship with food in later life.
The research, published in international journal Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, polled students aged 13 to 17 in 1999 who were 38 up five years later. Regular family meals were found to have a protective effect 39 of the girls' age, weight, socio-economic status, dieting 40 or relationship with her family.
Experts say doctors should encourage families to have dinner at the table instead of on the couch in front of the television to 41 against serious eating disorders.
Belinda Dalton, director of eating disorders clinic The Oak House, said eating with family helped "no'mnalise (正常化) " young people's relationship with food.
" When adolescents are feeling that they're not coping they turn to something that they can control and food is something 42 and accessible for them to control. Clearly, if they're sitting with their family on a regular basis then their family can be more in control of their eating," Ms Dalton said.
"It's about, young people feeling connected with their family and that builds self-esteem and sense of worth and that can 43 very actively against someone developing an eating disorder. " An eating disorders expert, Kirsty Greenwood, said meal times were often difficult for sufferers. "It is 44 that they feel very ashamed of their eating habits and often won't eat with other people. Perhaps it's becausee they haven't 45 the importance of the family meal in their growing up," she said.
A．available
B．behaviors
C．examined
D．experienced
E．favorable
F．followed
G．habits
H．likely
I．potential
J．prohibit
K．protect
L．regardless
M．tendencies
N．typical
O．0. work
词汇理解
3. Questions 36-36 are based on the following passage.
Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, infact, a nation which can be divided into several (36) __ parts, each part being an individual countrywith its own language, character and cultural (37) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Walesdo not claim to (38) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (39) __ "English".They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which inturn is (40) ___ to the others.
These cultural minorities (少数名族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degreesthey have managed to (41) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and wayof life. This is probably even more ture of the (42)___areas where traditional life has not been soaffected by the (43) __ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are saidto be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots would rather(44) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songsand dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (45) __ as a whole produceshumorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Bums, and the WelshDylan Thomas, to mention but a few.
A)incomprehensible
B)temper
C) remote
D) separate
E) understandable
F) forget
G) generally
H) temperament
I) preserve
J) strictly
K) traditions
L) reserve
M) growth
N) apply
O) belong
第(36)题________
4. Questions {TSE} are based on the following passage.
As warspreads to many comers of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into thecenter of conflicts. InAfghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups ofchildren have been taking part in peace education ____36____.The children,after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the ____37 ____ of peacemakers.The Children's Movement forPeace in Colombia was even nominated (提名)for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children____38____ aspeacemakers studied humanrights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with fiveotherschools in Bogota known as TheSchools of Peace.
Theclassroom ____39____ opportunities for children to replace angry, violentbehaviors with ____40____, peaceful ones. Itis in the classroom that caringand respect for each person empowers children to take a step ____41____towardbecomingpeacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many onlineresources that are ____42 ____usefulwhen helpingchildren along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, startedin 1992, provides a Website with resourcesfor teachers and ____43____ on starting a Kindness Campaign.The World Centers of Compassion for ChildrenInternational call attention tochildren's rights and how to help the ____44____of war. Starting a Peacemakers'Club is apraiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to otherclassrooms and ideally affect the culture ofthe ____45____ school.
__________
A．acting
B．assuming
C．comprehensive
D．cooperative
E．entire
F．especially
G．forward
H．images
I．information
J．offers
K．projects
L．respectively
M．role
N．technology
O．victims
第(36)题 __________
5. Unit 5
Personality is, to a large extent, inherent—A-type parents, usually bring about A-type children. But the environment must also have a 11 effect, wince if competition is important to the parents it is likely to become a major 12 in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools 13 the " win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current 14 for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being 15 keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying; "cheers, we conquer!"
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the extreme 16 on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to 17 on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat 18 , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither 19 nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to 20 a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
|
A. enough |
B. fit |
C. |
emphasis |
D. |
practical |
|
E. innumerable |
F. concentrate |
G. |
adopt |
H. |
questionable |
|
I. profound |
J. factor |
K. |
too |
L. |
substance |
|
M. passion |
N. emotion |
O. |
fix |
|
|
汉译英
6. 狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。 在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。
7. 中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔盂为代表的儒家学说(Confucianism)和以老子和庄子为代表的道家学说(Taoism)，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派(doctrines)。这就是有名的诸子百家(the masters’ hundred schools)。从孔夫子到孙中山。中华民族的传统文化有许多宝贵的思想和品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公。
8. 1．目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品；
2．举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害；
3．消除伪劣商品的方法。
9. 1．目前，各高校均对大一新生进行军训
2．有人赞成，有人反对
3．我的观点
Is It Necessary to Continue Military Training for Freshmen?
10. 老龄化对国家财政的影响众所周知——节节高攀的医疗保险和养老金(pension)支出。然而，老龄化的影响远不止于此。在老龄化社会里，劳动力市场、储蓄方式以及人口流动都会发生变化。令人担忧的是，劳动力短缺，劳动力市场不稳定，生产力下降等问题都会对发展造成严熏威胁。由二于二中囝平均收人水平仍然停留在低收入阶段，这使得中国人口老龄化问题尤其复杂。
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