单项选择题
1、Questions are based on the following passage.
　　The ownership of pets brings a variety of benefits that the uninitiated would never believe．For every tale of shredded cushion，flattened plants，and chew slippers，there is another testimony of intelligence，sympathy and undying devotion．Now the gowing body of research into the medical and social advantages of pet ownership has confirmed what pet owners have always intuitively known that pets are not just loving companions but actually do us good．Researchers have established the value of pets in soothing and reassuring humans，particularly when ill，lonely or in distress．Perhaps the unquestioning love and approval pets give us is something we don’t always get from out human nearest and dearest．
　　Our makeshift understanding psychology leads many of us to view very close relationships with pets with suspicion．Childless couples in particular give rise to speculation，but a consultant in animal behavior says，“There is no evidence that a pet is a direct substitute for child．”And while many adults feel foolish if caught talking to their pets，they have no need to．The experts say you cannot have a close relationship with a pet without treating it as a person and that talking to a pet is notun healthy．—simply a way of establishing camaraderie．
　　The shaking helplessness of a young puppy or fluffy kitten stirs protective instincts deep within us and prompts many parents to buy pets for their children in the hope of instilling a sense of responsibility and caring and acceptance of the facts of life and death．Hut animals don’t have to besoft and fond to bring out the best in us．A social worker encouraged aggressive boys to handle ferrets—“if handled correctly they respond with friendship；if incorrectly they bite．”
　　There seems to be no doubt that，emotionally and physically,our pets do us good—there is a Drice to be paid．When loved animal dies，it is often a traumatic event—and then where do we tum for comfort?
Pets are sometimes criticized because they_______．
A．lack intelligence
B．are destructive
C．need considerable care
D．demand affection


2、根据以下内容回答题
The rise of the sharing economy
A) Last night 40,000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250,000 rooms in 30,000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it—2.5 million of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new "sharing economy", in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinated via the internet.
B) You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast (家庭旅店). owning a timeshare (分时度假房) or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever—and therefore possible on a much larger scale. The big change is the availability of more data about people and things, which allows physical assets to be divided and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb. RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and renters; smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is parked; social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust; and online payment systems handle the billing.
What's mine is yours, for a fee
C) Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer, sharing sites let individuals act as an ad hoc ( 临时的) taxi service, car-hire firm or boutique hotel (精品酒店) as and when it suits them. Just go online or download an app. The model works for items that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by people who do not make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars are the most obvious examples, but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden, fields in Australia and washing machines in France. As advocates of the sharing economy like to put it, access trumps ( 胜过) ownership.
D) Rachel Botsman, the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $ 26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to-peer lending or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the gr/d ( 电网). And it is not just individuals: the web makes it easier for companies to rent out spare offices and idle machines, too. But the core of the sharing economy is people renting things from each other.
E) Such "collaborative (合作的) consumption" is a good thing for several reasons. Owners make money from underused assets. Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year, making $ 9,300. Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make an average of $250 a month; some make more than $1,000. Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm. And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to making them.
F) For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm. Curmudgeons (倔脾气的人) who imagine that every renter is a murderer can still stay at conventional hotels. For others, the web fosters trust. As well as the background checks carried out by platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties to each transaction, which makes it easy to spot bad drivers, bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends ( or friends of friends) in common. An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011. But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.
Peering into the future
G) The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago. At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successfal purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay, Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional "power sellers" ( many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise, Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.
H) Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire fn'm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Dalmler, two carmakers. In future, companies may develop hybrid (混合的) models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles, equipment or office.space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.
i) The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, existing rental businesses will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.
J) The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet's value to consumers. This emerging model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的) enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.
Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.


3、根据以下内容，回答题。
Being Objective on Climate Change
A.Last week，Craig Rucker,a climate-change skeptic and the executive director of a nonprofit organization called the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow(CFACT)，tweeted a quotation supposedly taken from a 1922 edition of the Washington Post：“Within a few years it is predicted due to ice melt the sea will rise＆make most coastal cities uninhabitable．”The intent，of course，was to poke fun at current headlines about climate change．
B.Rucker’s organization is a member ofthe Cooler Heads Coalition，an umbrella organization operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute，a nonprofit that prides itself on its opposition to environmental ists．Rucker himself is part of a network of bloggers，op-cd writers，and policy-shop executives who argue that climate change is either a hoax or all example of left-wing hysteria．Surfacing old newspaper clips is one of their favorite games．They also make substantive arguments about climate policy,but the sniping may be more effective．There is no stronger rhetorical tool than ridicule．
C.In this case，Ruckcr’s ridicule seems misplaced．After spending a few minutes poking around online，1 was able to find both the Washington Post article and the longer SourCe material that it came from—a weather report issued by the U．S．consul in Bergen，Norway,and sent to the State Department on october 1 0，1 922．The report didn’t say anything about coasts being inundated．This isn’t surprising．Scientists wete smart back then，too,and they knew that melting sea ice wouldn’t appreciably raise sea levels．any more than a melting ice cube raises the level of water in a glass．
D.Rucker ultimately corrected his tweet once commenters pointed out the misquote．Through Twitter,he informed me that he had taken the line from a Washington Times op—ed by Richard Rahn，a senior fellow at the Cato Institute．When I contacted Rahn’s office．a press representative acknowledged that Rahn had copied the quote from other bloggers and columnists；the fabricated sentence appears in articles at reason．corn and texasgopvote．corn．The fabricated line seems to have been inserted around 2011．but the original article has been circulating online since 2007．
E. The statement about rising sea levels aside，1 922 really was a strange period in the Svalbard archipelago．the area described by the weather report．The islands lie halfway between Norway and the North Pole,at a latitude that puts them several hundred miles farther north than Barrow,alaska．“The Arctic seems to be warming up．”the report read．In August of that year,a geologist near the island of Spitsbergen sailed as far north as eighty-one degrees．twenty．nine minutes in ice-free water．This was highly unusual．The previous several summers had likewise been warrn．Seal populations had moved farther north，and formerly unseen stretches of coast were now accessible．
F.What are we to take from this historical evidence?A central tenet for Rucker and his colleagues is mat today’s sea．ice retreat。warming surface temperatures，and similar observations are short-lived anomalies of a kind that often happened in the past—and that overzealous scientists and gullible media are quick to drum up crises where none exist．Favorite examples include numerous newspaper articles from the nineteen．seventies that predicted the advent of a new ice age．In fact．it's possible to find articles from nearly every decade of the past century that seem to imply information about the climate that turned out to be premature or wrong．
G.The 1922 article has been quoted repeatedly by Rucker’s comrades-in-arms since its 2007 rebirth in the Washington Times．For nearly that long，scientists have been objecting．Gavin Schmidt，a climate modeler and the deputy director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies，points out that what was an anomaly in 1922 is now the norm：the waters near Spitsbergen are clear of ice at the end of every summer．More important，long-term temperature and sea-ice records indicate that the dramatic sea-ice retreat in the early nineteen．twenties was short-lived．It also occurred locally around svalbard—the unusual conditions didn’t even encompass the whole Norwegian Sea，let alone the rest of the Arctic．
H. 0ver the weekend，after retracting his previous tweet，Rucker posted a link to a blog item about a different article．this one a 1932 New York Times story．The eighty-year-old headline reads，“The Next Great Deluge Forecast By Science：Melting Polar Ice Caps to Raise the Level of the Seas and Flood the Continents．”That one sounded juicy,and，indeed，this time the text was correct：that really is what the headline said．Ironically,the lcad researcher cited in the piece was a German scientist named Alfred Wegener,who has sometimes been considered a hero of climate-change deniers for a completely different reason．Wegener is known for proposing the phenomenon of continental drift starting around the First Wbrid War,The idea was ridiculed before gaining acceptance in the nineteen-sixties，once
ample evidence had been amassed．Wegener’s lifc story,then，is used to support the idea that the small number of researchers in the field who downplay the risk of anthropogenic climate change will one day prevail．
I.In reality,the potential for anthropogenic global warming was being discussed earlier than continental drift．and took even longer to gain wide acceptance．The versatile Professor Wegener was a geophysicist and polar researcher who spent much of his career studying meteorology in Greenland，and trying to unlock the secrets of the Earth’s past．His elevated place in the current climate-change debate is
abstracted from history．
J.In any case，it’s not clear that the bloggers linking to the 1932 article read much beyond the headline．Thc article does discuss a collapse of the ice sheets that would raise sea levels by more than a hundred feet—but it says that event lies thirty to forty thousand years in the future．There’s nothing wrong with examining old newspaper articles for clues about climate conditions in the past．Legitimate climate researchers look at historical documents of all kinds．However,a good-faith effort to arrive at the truth would not rely on cherry-picking catchy headlines．It would require considering the context and looking at all the evidence．At the very least．it wouldn’t allow for deliberate distortions．A prediction that the ice caps might melt by the year 42，000 is hardly all example of climate alarmism．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Unlike melting ice in the glass，the melting sea ice cannot easily raise sea level．


4、Passage Two
Questions are based on the following passage
Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor, men worked outside the home and earned the income to supported their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for men or women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, men’s and women’s roles were becoming less firmly fired.
In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture.
The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal(社区的)homes or farms where the economic and child care responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldiers. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.
In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in the poorer neighborhoods.
In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women’s liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levers of society were entering the work force in greater number. Most of them still took traditional women’s jobs such as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work.
Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these changes .
According to the passage, in the past_____.
A．women usually worked outside home for wages
B．men’s and women’s roles were easily exchanged
C．men’s role at home were more firmly fixed than women’s
D．men’s and women’s roles were usually quite separated


填空题
5、Questions are based on the following passage.
　　The typical pre—industrial family not only had a good many children，but numerous other dependents as well—grandparents，uncles，aunts and cousins．Such“extended”families were suited for survival in slow paced ___36___societies．But such families are hard to___37___．They are immobile．
　　Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs，and to move again whenever necessary．Thus the extended family38 shed its excess weight and the so called“nuclear”family emerged—a stripped—down，portable family unit___39___0nly of parents and a small set of children．
　　This new style of family,far more___40___than the traditional extended family，became the standard model in all the industrial countries．Super-industrialism，however,the next stage of ec0—technological development，___41___ even higher mobility．Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process，a step further by remaining children，cutting the family down to its more___42___components，a man and a woman．Two people，perhaps with matched careers，will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status，through job changes and geographic relocations，than the ordinarily child—cluttered family．A___43___maybe the postponement of children，rather than childlessness．Men and women today are often torn in___44___between a commitment to career and a commitment to children．In the future，many___45___will side aside this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement．

第(36)题________

6、Questions are based on the following passage.
　　Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients ____36____ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to, live with it.
　　Times have changed. Today, we take pain ____37____. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in ____38____a person's well-being. We know that chronic(慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱的) a person's life, causing problems that ____39 ____ from missed work todepression.
　　That's why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who ____40____ in pain medicine. Not onlydo we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help providecomprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social ____41____ related to chronic pain. Suchcomprehensive therapy often ____42 ____ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, aswell as specialists in pain medicine.
　　This modem ____43____ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effectiveand with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a ____44 ____number of drugs available, andmany of them caused ____45 ____ side effects in older people， including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the painitself.
A．result
B．involves
C．significant
D．range
E．relieved
F．issues
G．seriously
H．magnificent
I．determining
J．limited
K．gravely
L．complained
M．respect
N．prompting
O．specialize

第(36)题 __________

简答题
7、苏州街原称买卖街(Merchants Street)，乾隆时(Emperor Qianlong’s reign)仿江南水乡(SouthChina towns)而建，是专供清代帝后逛市游览的的一条水街，一八六零被英法联军(Angl0—FrenchAllied Forces)焚毁，一九九零年在遗址上复建。街全长三百余米，以水当街，以岸作市，沿岸设有茶馆、酒楼、药房、钱庄、帽店、珠宝铺、点心铺(grocery store)等六十多个铺面，集中展现了十八世纪中国江南的商业文化氛围。

8、Part I                           Writing                   (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with abrief description of the picture and then express your views on food safety problems. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个 同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module)执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理 课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理 课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。

10、

　　A）Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfullyobtains and uses another person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically foreconomic gain.
　　B）The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent GeneralAccounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year.And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have beenvictimized:
　　C）Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic", states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy,"It's certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It's worldwide. It affects everybody, and there's very littleyou can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can't detect it until it's probably too late."
　　D）Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, yourpersonal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephonecalling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, topersonally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reportedthat unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, rtmning up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims' names. Inmany cases, a victim's losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additionalfinancial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneousinformation for which the criminal is responsible.
　　E） According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekersprotect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online jobsearch is learning to manage the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on theInternet.
　　F）Check for a privacy policy. If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search siteyou are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerBuilder.com. The policy should spell out how yourinformation will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice aboutposting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be openingyourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员). When reviewing the site's privacy policy, you'll be ableto delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You won't necessarily want your resume to remain outthere on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board,the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.
　　G）Take advantages of site features. Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting yourresume, carefully consider your job search objectives and the level of risk you are willing to assume.CareerBuilder.com, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first isstandard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadestemployer audience possible. The second is anonymous( 匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the samevisibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed.Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose whichpieces of contact information to display. The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post aresume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily applyfor jobs that appear on CareerBuilder.com without retyping their information.
　　H）Safeguard your identity. Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using theIntemet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛指的) identifier, such as "Intranet Developer Candidate", or "Experienced Marketing Representative". Youshould also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, itmay not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use ageneral description of the company such as "Major auto manufacturer," or "international packaged goodssupplier." If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned byyour employer.
　　I）Establish an email address for your search. Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employmentonline is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existingemail box in the event someone you don't know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others.Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receiveunwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn'tcontain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is anemail address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as salesmgr2004@provider.com.
　　J）Protect your references. If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of yourreferences, take it out. There's no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contactinformation of your references.
　　K）Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential. Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver's license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color.Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Don't provide this even if they saythey need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book--don't fallfor it.
Those who post their resumes online for a long time will run an increased risk of becoming victims of identity theft.