单项选择题
1、Questions are based on thefollowingpassage．
“THINKING is hard，”(36)__________Daniel Dennet，a professor of philosophy at Tufts University．“Thinking about some problems is so hard that it can make your head ache just thinking about thinking about them．”He has spent hA.f a century pondering some of the knottiest problems around：the nature of meaning，the(37)__________of minds and whether freewill is possible．His latest book，Intuition Pumps(直觉泵)and Other Tools for Thinking，is a precis of those 50 years，distilled into 77(38)__________ and mostly bite-sized chapters．
“Intuiuon pumps”are what Mr Dennet calls thought experiments that aim to get at the rub of concepts．But the aim of this book is not(39)__________to show how the pumps work,but to(40)__________them to help readers think through some of the most profound conundrums．
This pump which Mr Dennet calls a“cascade of homunculi(级联侏儒)”，was(41)__________by the field of artificial Intelligence,An programmer begins by taking a problem a computer is meant to solve and breaking it down into smaller tasks，to be dealt with by particular(42)__________．These，in turn，are(43)__________ of sub．subsystems，and so on．In this way,we are in depth of thinking profound problems．
Of course，Mr Dennet’s book is not a(44)__________solution to such mind-benders；it is philosophy in action．Like all good philosophy,it works by getting the reader to examine deeply held but(45)__________ beliefs about some of our most fundamental concems，like personal autonomy．It is really not all easy read．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A.consist
B.actually
C.nature
D.concedes
E.inspired
F.definable
G.composed
H.readable
I.substance
J.merely
K.unspoken
L.apply
M.suppose
N.subsystem
O.definitive
第36题应填__________.


2、Questions are based on the following passage.
　　Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we're doing and yet we do it anyway.
　　So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?
　　"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症．assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers.
　　"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance -- like food -- of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."
　　The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:
　　Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配．based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.
　　Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores?
　　Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.
What does the author say about junk food?
A．People should be educated not to eat too much.
B．It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.
C．Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.
D．It causes more harm than is generally realized.


3、根据材料，回答题：
Why Teenagers Really Do Need an Extra Hour in Bed?
A) "Making teens start school in the morning is 'cruel' ," brain doctor claims. So declared a British newspaper headline in 2007 after a talk I gave at an academic conference.  One disbelieving reader responded:  " This man sounds brain-dead. "
B) That was a typical reaction to work I was reporting at the time on teenage sleep patterns and their effect on performance at school. Six years on there is growing acceptance that the structure of the academic day needs to take account of adolescent sleep patterns. The latest school to adopt a later start time is the UCL Academy in London; others are considering following suit.
C) So what are the facts about teenage sleep, and how should society adjust to these needs? The biology of human sleep timing, like that of other mammals, changes as we age. This has been shown in many studies. As adolescence begins, bedtimes and waking times get later. This trend continues until 19.5 years in women and 21 in men. Then it reverses. At 55 we wake at about the time we woke prior to adolescence. On average this is two hours earlier than adolescents. This means that for a teenager, a 7 a.m. alarm call is the equivalent of a 5 a.m. start for a person in their 50s.
D) Precisely why this is so is unclear but the shifts related with changes in hormones (荷尔蒙) at adolescence and the decline in those hormones as we age. However, biology is only part of the  problem. Additional factors include a more relaxed attitude to bedtimes by parents, a general disregard  for the importance of sleep, and access to TVs, DVDs, PCs, gaming devices, cell phones and so on,  all of which promote alertness and eat into time available for sleep.
E) The amoount of sleep teenagers get varies between countries, geographic region and social class, but all  studies show they are going to bed later and not getting as much sleep as they need because of early  school starts.
F) Mary Carskadon at Brown University in Providence. Rhode Island, who is a pioneer in the area of  adolescent sleep, has shown that teenagers need about 9 hours a night to maintain full alertness and academic perforruance. My own recent observations at a UK school in Liverpool suggested many were getting just 5 hours on a school night. Unsurprisingly. teachers reported students dozing in class.
G) Evidence that sleep is important is overwhelming. Elegant research has demonstrated its critical role in memory improvement and our ability to generate wise sohitions to complex problems. Sleep disruption may increase the level of the stress. Excited behaviors, lack of empathy, sense of humor and mood are similarly affected. All in all, a tired adolescent is a moody, insensitive, angry and stressed one. Perhaps less obviously, sleep loss is associated with metabolic (新陈代谢的) changes. Long-term lack of sleep might be an important factor for negative conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病), overweight and high blood pressure.
H) Adolescents are increasingly using stimulants to compensate for sleep loss, and caf, feinated (含咖啡咽的) and/or sugary drinks are the usual choice. So a caffeinated drink late in the day delays sleep at night. Tiredness also increases the likelihood of taking up smoking.
I) In the US, the observation that teenagers have biologically delayed sleep patterns compared to adults prompted several schools to put back the start of the school day. An analysis of the impact by Kyla Wahlstrom at the University of Minnesota found that academic performance was enhanced, as was attendance. Sleeping in class declined, as did self-reported depression. In the UK, Monkseaton High School near Newcastle instituted a 10 am start in 2009 and saw a progress in academic perfomance. J) However, a later start by itself is not enough. Society in general, and teenagers in particular, must start to take sleep seriously. Sleep is not a luxury but a ftmdamental biological need, enhancing creativity, productivity, mood and the ability to interact with others.
K) ff you are dependent upon an alarm clock, or parent, to get you out of bed ; if you take a long time to wake up; if you feel sleepy and impatient during the day; ff your behavior is overly impulsive, it means you are probably not getting enough sleep. Take control. Ensure the bedroom is a place that promotes sleep-dark and not too warm-don't text, use a computer or watch TV for at least half an hour before trying to sleep avoid avoid bright lights. Try not to nap during the day, and seek out natural light in the morning to adjust the body clock and sleep patterns to an earlier time. Avoid caffeinated drinks after lunch.
L) It is my strongly held View, based upon the evidence, that the efforts of dedicated (专注的，投入的) teachers and the money spent on school facilities will have a greater impact and education will be more rewarding when, collectively, teenagers, parents, teachers and school governors start to take sleep seriously. In the universal language of school reports: we must do better.

In the US and UK, several schools that have delayed the start of the school day witnessed a progress in academic performance.

4、Questions are based on the following passage．
　　As you are probably aware，the latest job markets news isn’t good：Unemployment is still more than 9 percent，and new job growth has fallen close to zer0．That’s bad for the economy,of　course．And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now．But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think．
　　That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover data．After all，existing jobs open up every day due to promotions，resignations，terminations，and retirements．(Yes，people are retiring even in this economy．)In both good times and bad，turnover creates more openings than economic growth does．Even in June of 2007，when the economy was still humming along，job growth was only l32，000，while turnover was 4．7 million!
　　And as it turns out，even today-with job growth near zero-over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month．
　　I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job．
　　It’s true that if total employment were higher,it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from(and compete for)．And it's true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening，regardless of whether it’s a new one or not．
　　But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated．They’re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills；be creative about where and how to look；learn how to present themselves to potential employers；and keep going，even after repeated rejections，The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2．7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed．
　　So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up．Four million people get hired every month in the U．S．You can be one of them．
The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate_____________．
A．deprives many people of job opportunities
B．prevents many people from changing careers
C．should not stop people from looking for a job
D．does not mean the U．S．economy is worsening


简答题
5、1．目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品；
2．举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害；
3．消除伪劣商品的方法。

6、宣纸是一种中外闻名的名贵纸张。由于这种纸的出产地在安徽的宣城附近，所以被人们称为“宣纸”。宣纸的生产已经有一千五百多年的历史了。这种纸洁白、细密(fi Fie-grained)、均匀、柔软，能表现出中国书法和绘画的特点。由于宣纸不容易破碎、变色，所以，很多中国古代的字画经过了几百年、上千年，仍然保存得完好无缺。


7、北京市交通发达。交通工具多样化。公交车是普通老百姓出门的主要交通工具。每辆大型公共汽车的前、后门各有一位售票员招呼乘客，票价一律1元起价。空调公共汽车的票价为2元至11元。学生票可以打四折(60％d i scount)。北京的出租车也很发达，出租车随处可见，非常方便。在机场、火车站和旅游地，都有出租车昼夜服务。北京地铁是新中国条地铁，三十多年来，累计运送乘客近60亿人次。


8、舞狮子(Lion dance)，是我国的民间艺术。每逢元宵佳节或集会庆典，民间都以狮舞前来助兴。这一习俗起源于三国时期，南北朝时开始流行，至今已有一千多年的历史。狮子为百兽之尊，形象雄伟俊武，给人以威严、勇猛之感。古人将它当作勇敢和力量的象征。认为它能驱邪镇妖、保佑人畜平安。所以人们逐渐形成了在元宵节时及其他重大活动里舞狮子的习俗，以祈望生活吉祥如意，事事平安。


9、 You should write a short essay on the topic on a Harmonious Dormitory Life．
写作导航
1．指出宿舍生活未必和谐；
2．简要阐述和谐的宿舍生活带来的好处；
3．从生活方式、处理矛盾等方面阐述如何创造和保持和谐的宿舍生活，
4．进行总结。


10、 　　 A) Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs,go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of the minstinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.
　　 B) But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 丧失) , I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Stratham Common, south London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new  perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
　　 C) The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the U.S. families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD -- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 多动症) .Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
　　 D) A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A U.S. study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.
　　 E) Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.
　　 F) Most bullying (持枪凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) play ground;the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunny hill School in Stratham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about incomers fantasizing about wildlife. The children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.
　　 G) One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
　　 H) The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.
　　 I)  In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surrounding simprove all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behavior are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the     Protection of birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behavior because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behavior." Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.
　　 J)  We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favor that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物) . For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with nonhuman life .Anyone who has patted a dog, stoked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us we are less than human.
　　 K) Five Ways to Find Harmony with the Natural World Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.
　　 Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that's not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water ,feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.
　　 Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by oneself; the second best way is in company .Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with bird-song for background.
　　 Learn: Expand your boundaries. Leam five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs .That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.
　　 Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a week-end break, a day trip, get out these and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.
　　根据以上内容，回答题。
　　The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.