2015年英语四级考试每日一练(1月5日)
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单项选择题
1、 Questionsare based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individUalS found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. "Manyof these people made their wealth by doing sometting they're passionate (有激情的) about,”.says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. " Given the.. choice, they prefer to continue workirtg, " Barclays calls these people"nevertirees."
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictiolls, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. tf 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it's working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. "People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,, he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was. recently disappointed to see his son retire.
"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement," says George LeeSon, codirector of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once ret~rement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside, What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution, "
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing, On the one hand, companies and financial
firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient ( 坚韧的 ) chief, On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance--an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
What do we learn about the so-called "nevertiree$" ?
A．They are passionate about making a fortune.
B．They have no choice but to continue working.
C．They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D．They will not retire unless they are compelled to.
2、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Food waste has been a serious problem for restaurants and grocery stores—with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. "We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen, and he elephant is this ' It's okay to waste' belief system," said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath. A company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. “ You have to go back and get your silverware and your drink, but it's not that different,” said Caitlin Mew born, a freshman. “It's not a big deal. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should. ” Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to food at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.
According to the first paragraph,
A． lots of food are wasted as crops are hauled from far away
B． food waste is the most serious problems for restaurants and stores
C． experts put forward many proposals to solve the issue of trash
D． .busy restaurant assembly lines produce millions of tons of trash
3、
Questionsare based on the following passage.
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go
on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.
We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic ( 勤奋工作的美德 ) and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard's 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity" report for more attention to the "forgotten half" (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.
Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a know.ledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positio~_s that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化) by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预 ) will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.
What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A．It benefits the great majority of the general population.
B．It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
C．It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
D．It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.
4、
Instinctively, the first thing we want to know about a disease is whether it is going to kill us. Twenty-five years ago, tiffs was the only question about AIDS we couJd anwer with any certainty; now, it is the only question we really camaot answer well at all.
By now, those of us in the AIDS business long term have cared for thousands of patients. No one with that kind of personal experience can doubt for a moment the deadly potential of H. I. V. or the life-saving capabilities of the drugs developed against it. But there are also now htmdreds of footnotes and exceptions and modifications to those two facts that make the big picture ever murkier (扑朔迷离).
We have patients scattered at every possible point: men and women who cruise on their medications with no problems at all, and those who never become stable on them and die of AIDS; those who refuse them until it is too late, and those who never need them at all; those who leave AIDS far behind only to die from lung cancer or breast cancer or liver failure, and those few who are killed by the medications themelves.
So, when we welcome a new patient into our world, one whose fated place in this world is still unclear, and that patient asks us, as most do, whether this illness is going to kill him or not, it often takes a bit of mental stammering (口吃 ) before we hazard an answer,Now, a complete rundown of all the news from the front would take hours. The statistics change almost; hourly as new treatments appear. It is all too cold, too mathematical, too scary to dump on the head of a sick, frightened person. So we simplify. "We have good treatments now, we say. "You should do fine. "
Once, not so long ago, we were working in another universe.Now we have simply rejoined the carnival ( 嘉年华) of modern medicine, noisy and encouraging, confusing and contradictory, fueled by the eternal balancing of benefits and risks.
You can.win big, and why shouldn't you, with the usual fall-safe combination of luck and money. You have our very best hopes, so step right up: we sell big miracles but, offer no guarantees.
What does the author say about AIDS?
A．It is definitely deadly twenty-five years ago.
B．The patients want to know everything about it.
C．We can answer anything about it with certainty now.
D．We could not answer questions about it well before.
5、Electronic cigarettes will face new(36)__________in the US，the US Food and Drug Administration(37)__________yesterday．These will include curbs on sales to minors and distribution of free samples，as well as provisions forcing manufacturers to place health warnings on packaging．
The long-awaited proposals—which also demand that the manufacturers should disclose all the ingredients in details and make claims of(38)__________risk only if scientifically validated--are less stringent(严厉的)than the Europe legislations voted on in February．(39)__________the proposed restrictions doing nothing to control advertising or curbing the sale off lavored products with names such as“Very Berrylicious”，(40)__________of e-cigarettes claim that they are more(41)__________and scientific than the EU rules．
“This is much less onerous than the European Tobacco Products directive，”says Gerry Stimson，a UKconsultant who supports“least harm"’solutions to health problems．“It is clear that the FDA process，(42)__________the EU，follows the science，but this is just a first step and the regulatory process could take years，during which the products and the market will develop．”
The proposals will likely(43)__________further debate for and against e-cigarettes，which call resemble real cigarettes but contain no tobacco，only a vaporized form of pure nicotine that users breathe in and out．
Backers of e-cigarettes say they have great(44)__________to help hardened smokers quit or cut down，because unlike other nicotine replacement products，they closely(45)__________cigarettes，both in appearance and use．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A．popular
B．restrictions
C．potential
D．importance
E．despite
F．provoke
G．announced
H．like
I．resemble
J．proponents
K．maintain
L．pragmatic
M．claim
N．reduced
O．unlike
根据以上内容，回答题。
第36题应填__________.
简答题
6、
7、
8、十二生肖(Chinese Zodia)是计算一个人年龄的普遍方式。十二生肖包括十二种动物，分别是鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗和猪，分别对应中国传统文化中的十二地支(twelve Earthly Branches)。中国有很多关于十二生肖的民间故事和传说。其中一个说的是轩辕帝(Yellow Emperor)想选十二种动物作为皇家守卫，猫知道这个消息后告诉了鼠，希望鼠可以提醒他一起去，但是鼠忘记了这件事，单独去了，因此猫没有出现在十二生肖中。自此猫和鼠就成了天敌。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
9、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观(consumpt；on concept)在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。
10、诗歌是早的文学体裁，它以抒情的方式，高度集中地反映社会生活。在文字出现以前，诗歌就已经存在了，因为诗歌源于劳动。诗歌是有节奏、有韵律并富有感情色彩的一种语言艺术形式，也是世界上古老、基本的文学形式。《诗经》(Book of C | ass i c Poetry)是我国早的一部诗歌总集，它收集了自西周初年至春秋时期大约五百多年的三百零五篇诗歌，在中国文学发展史上占有突出的地位。
1、 Questionsare based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individUalS found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. "Manyof these people made their wealth by doing sometting they're passionate (有激情的) about,”.says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. " Given the.. choice, they prefer to continue workirtg, " Barclays calls these people"nevertirees."
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictiolls, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. tf 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it's working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. "People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,, he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was. recently disappointed to see his son retire.
"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement," says George LeeSon, codirector of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once ret~rement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside, What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution, "
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing, On the one hand, companies and financial
firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient ( 坚韧的 ) chief, On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance--an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
What do we learn about the so-called "nevertiree$" ?
A．They are passionate about making a fortune.
B．They have no choice but to continue working.
C．They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D．They will not retire unless they are compelled to.
2、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Food waste has been a serious problem for restaurants and grocery stores—with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. "We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen, and he elephant is this ' It's okay to waste' belief system," said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath. A company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. “ You have to go back and get your silverware and your drink, but it's not that different,” said Caitlin Mew born, a freshman. “It's not a big deal. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should. ” Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to food at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.
According to the first paragraph,
A． lots of food are wasted as crops are hauled from far away
B． food waste is the most serious problems for restaurants and stores
C． experts put forward many proposals to solve the issue of trash
D． .busy restaurant assembly lines produce millions of tons of trash
3、
Questionsare based on the following passage.
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go
on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.
We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic ( 勤奋工作的美德 ) and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard's 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity" report for more attention to the "forgotten half" (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.
Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a know.ledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positio~_s that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化) by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预 ) will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.
What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A．It benefits the great majority of the general population.
B．It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
C．It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
D．It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.
4、
Instinctively, the first thing we want to know about a disease is whether it is going to kill us. Twenty-five years ago, tiffs was the only question about AIDS we couJd anwer with any certainty; now, it is the only question we really camaot answer well at all.
By now, those of us in the AIDS business long term have cared for thousands of patients. No one with that kind of personal experience can doubt for a moment the deadly potential of H. I. V. or the life-saving capabilities of the drugs developed against it. But there are also now htmdreds of footnotes and exceptions and modifications to those two facts that make the big picture ever murkier (扑朔迷离).
We have patients scattered at every possible point: men and women who cruise on their medications with no problems at all, and those who never become stable on them and die of AIDS; those who refuse them until it is too late, and those who never need them at all; those who leave AIDS far behind only to die from lung cancer or breast cancer or liver failure, and those few who are killed by the medications themelves.
So, when we welcome a new patient into our world, one whose fated place in this world is still unclear, and that patient asks us, as most do, whether this illness is going to kill him or not, it often takes a bit of mental stammering (口吃 ) before we hazard an answer,Now, a complete rundown of all the news from the front would take hours. The statistics change almost; hourly as new treatments appear. It is all too cold, too mathematical, too scary to dump on the head of a sick, frightened person. So we simplify. "We have good treatments now, we say. "You should do fine. "
Once, not so long ago, we were working in another universe.Now we have simply rejoined the carnival ( 嘉年华) of modern medicine, noisy and encouraging, confusing and contradictory, fueled by the eternal balancing of benefits and risks.
You can.win big, and why shouldn't you, with the usual fall-safe combination of luck and money. You have our very best hopes, so step right up: we sell big miracles but, offer no guarantees.
What does the author say about AIDS?
A．It is definitely deadly twenty-five years ago.
B．The patients want to know everything about it.
C．We can answer anything about it with certainty now.
D．We could not answer questions about it well before.
5、Electronic cigarettes will face new(36)__________in the US，the US Food and Drug Administration(37)__________yesterday．These will include curbs on sales to minors and distribution of free samples，as well as provisions forcing manufacturers to place health warnings on packaging．
The long-awaited proposals—which also demand that the manufacturers should disclose all the ingredients in details and make claims of(38)__________risk only if scientifically validated--are less stringent(严厉的)than the Europe legislations voted on in February．(39)__________the proposed restrictions doing nothing to control advertising or curbing the sale off lavored products with names such as“Very Berrylicious”，(40)__________of e-cigarettes claim that they are more(41)__________and scientific than the EU rules．
“This is much less onerous than the European Tobacco Products directive，”says Gerry Stimson，a UKconsultant who supports“least harm"’solutions to health problems．“It is clear that the FDA process，(42)__________the EU，follows the science，but this is just a first step and the regulatory process could take years，during which the products and the market will develop．”
The proposals will likely(43)__________further debate for and against e-cigarettes，which call resemble real cigarettes but contain no tobacco，only a vaporized form of pure nicotine that users breathe in and out．
Backers of e-cigarettes say they have great(44)__________to help hardened smokers quit or cut down，because unlike other nicotine replacement products，they closely(45)__________cigarettes，both in appearance and use．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A．popular
B．restrictions
C．potential
D．importance
E．despite
F．provoke
G．announced
H．like
I．resemble
J．proponents
K．maintain
L．pragmatic
M．claim
N．reduced
O．unlike
根据以上内容，回答题。
第36题应填__________.
简答题
6、
武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝(gem)。我们知道，一个民族的文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界的其他地方而成为人类的共同财富。为了更好地推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联(the Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation)做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球(bowling)运动和国际标准舞(international standard dance)同等地位的奥运表演项目。
7、
8、十二生肖(Chinese Zodia)是计算一个人年龄的普遍方式。十二生肖包括十二种动物，分别是鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗和猪，分别对应中国传统文化中的十二地支(twelve Earthly Branches)。中国有很多关于十二生肖的民间故事和传说。其中一个说的是轩辕帝(Yellow Emperor)想选十二种动物作为皇家守卫，猫知道这个消息后告诉了鼠，希望鼠可以提醒他一起去，但是鼠忘记了这件事，单独去了，因此猫没有出现在十二生肖中。自此猫和鼠就成了天敌。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
9、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观(consumpt；on concept)在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。
10、诗歌是早的文学体裁，它以抒情的方式，高度集中地反映社会生活。在文字出现以前，诗歌就已经存在了，因为诗歌源于劳动。诗歌是有节奏、有韵律并富有感情色彩的一种语言艺术形式，也是世界上古老、基本的文学形式。《诗经》(Book of C | ass i c Poetry)是我国早的一部诗歌总集，它收集了自西周初年至春秋时期大约五百多年的三百零五篇诗歌，在中国文学发展史上占有突出的地位。
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