单项选择题
1、根据下列材料，请回答题：
While it's easy enough to brush off a few sleepless nights with a pot of coffee and the occasional desk nap, you may be doing more harm than you realise. According to a new study from Surrey University, having less than six hours of sleep per night can actually shut down genes that play a key role in the body's 36 of self-repair.
We rely on our genes to constantly produce the proteins needed to 37 the wear on our bodies'tissue that we suffer throughout the day. But when scientists divided 26 volunteers into two groups—one of which slept for less than 6 hours per night for an entire week and the other for 10 hours per night—some of the sleep-deprived group's genes actually stopped working.
The functions of 711 genes in total were altered in some way, 38 ones involved in metabolism ( 新陈代谢), inflammation (炎症), immunity and stress. There is some good news though: a week of normal sleep was enough to 39 the malfunctioning genes back to peak condition, but should the40  sleep patterns continue, health problems that aren't, quite so easily reversible, like obesity (肥胖)and heart disease, have a 41 chance of cropping up. And this study only scratches the 42.
according to Professor Colin Smith, one of the scientists  43  in the study: This is only a week of sleep 44 and it is only five and a haft or six hours a night. Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks, months and maybe even years so we have no idea how much 45 it might be.
A．accessing
B．amounted                                            
C．approaching   
D．attract
E．casual
F．charactexs
G．fresh  
H．ignore
I．increasingly     
J．messages                           
K．patiently                     
L．tiny
M．total
N．violated                                  
O．vital
请回答（36）题__________.

2、根据以上内容，回答题。
         New research shows girls who regularly have family meals are much less 36 to adopt all kinds of extreme weight control 37 , such as vomiting(催吐), using laxatives (泻药) or diet pills.
        A study surveying more than 2,500 American high school students found that gifts who ate five or more family meals a week had a much healthier relationship with food in later life.
        The research, published in international journal Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, polled students aged 13 to 17 in 1999 who were 38 up five years later. Regular family meals were found to have a protective effect 39 of the girls' age, weight, socio-economic status, dieting 40 or relationship with her family.
        Experts say doctors should encourage families to have dinner at the table instead of on the couch in front of the television to 41 against serious eating disorders.
        Belinda Dalton, director of eating disorders clinic The Oak House, said eating with family helped "no'mnalise (正常化) " young people's relationship with food.
        " When adolescents are feeling that they're not coping they turn to something that they can control and food is something 42 and accessible for them to control. Clearly, if they're sitting with their family on a regular basis then their family can be more in control of their eating," Ms Dalton said.
        "It's about, young people feeling connected with their family and that builds self-esteem and sense of worth and that can 43 very actively against someone developing an eating disorder. " An eating disorders expert, Kirsty Greenwood, said meal times were often difficult for sufferers. "It is 44 that they feel very ashamed of their eating habits and often won't eat with other people. Perhaps it's becausee they haven't 45 the importance of the family meal in their growing up," she said.
A．available
B．behaviors
C．examined
D．experienced
E．favorable
F．followed
G．habits
H．likely
I．potential
J．prohibit
K．protect
L．regardless
M．tendencies
N．typical
O．0. work

3、听音频：
听录音，回答题。

A．Plan his budget carefully.
B．Give her more information.
C．Ask someone else for advice.
D．Buy a gift for his girlfriend.


4、根据以下资料，回答题：
Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived．You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．
Here’s the Totally Amazing Wonder Material That Could Revolutionize Technology
A．In the technology industry,every new product or service seems to come with the promise that it is an innovation with the potential to change the world．Graphene(石墨烯)，a form of carbon，might actually do just that．
B．“Graphene is a wonderful material，”Jeanie Lau，a professor of physics at the University of California at Riverside，told Fortune．“It conducts heat 10 times better than copper and electricity 100 times better than silicon，is transparent like plastic，extremely lightweight,extremely strong,yet flexible and elastic．In the past decade，it has taken the scientific and technology communities by storm，and has become the most promising electronic material to supplement or replace silicon．”
C．Graphene has already found its way into a number of compelling applications，Lau said．For instance，“since it is both transparent and electrically conductive—two attributes rarely found in the same material in nature—it has tremendous potential as the transparent electrode in monitors．displays；solar cells，and touch screens，”she explained．“Companies such as Samsung that invest heavily in this area have already secured patents，produced prototypes，and are expected to bring products to market in a few years．”Wearable electronic devices，aviation components，broadband photodetectors(光电检测器)，radiation-resistant coatings，sensors，and energy storage are among numerous other areas of active research．Lau said．
D．For many researchers and investors，the ultimate application is graphene-based transistors，the building blocks of modem electronics．But getting there may take some time．
A child of graphite
E．First produced in a lab back in 2004，graphene is essentially a single layer of pure carbon atoms bonded together in a honeycomb lattice so thin it’s actually considered two-dimensional．“We generally regard anything less than 10 layers of graphene as graphene；otherwise，it’s graphite，”said Aravind Vijayaraghavan，a lecturer in nanomaterials at the University of Manchester．
F．Even“graphene”is a bit of an umbrella term．“To oversimplify,there are two major types of graphene，”Michael Patterson，CEO of Graphene Frontiers，said．The first：“Nanoplatelets，”which are powders or flakes made from graphite．These have been around for a while and are“not really super-sexy,”Patterson said．“You mix them into polymers(聚合物)or inks or rubbers to make them conductive．”In flake form，graphene is already on its way to becoming a commodity,Patterson added．The other type—in sheet or film form—is where graphene’s biggest promise lies．Graphene sheets have“incredible potential for electronics，”Patterson said．In the near term，that potential may manifest in situations where the quantity requirements are“not that great”and where quality or conductivity doesn’t have to be as high，such as in basic touch-screen applications，he said．Products that use graphene in this way could arrive to market in the next six to 1 2 months．
G．Looking a little further out，graphene can be employed in membranes used for water desalination．Lockheed-Martin already has a patented product known as Perforene．“It’s real and it works，but it won’t be economically viable until the product reaches an industrial scale where the cost is measured in pennies per square inch”rather than dollars or tens of dollars per square inch，Patterson explained．
“That’s where we’re working today．”
‘It’s expensive and low-capacity’
H．But use of graphene in semiconductors—the technology’s Holy Grail—is likely a decade away．“Many of the challenges presented by graphene are common to most new materials，”Paul Smith,a patent associate with the Intellectual Property Law Group at Fenwick & West，told Fortune．“The trick is figuring out how to synthesize graphene in a way that first is manufacturable beyond lab scale；second，preserves the desirable properties of the material；and third，can be integrated into a product or technology．”
D．Synthesizing graphene in sheet form is considerably more expensive and time-consuming than producing graphene flakes．Whereas the latter typically involves a“quick and dirty”process by which bulk graphite is disassembled into millions of tiny pieces，Lau explained，large sheets of graphene are carefully“grown”on substrates(基板)such as copper，germanium，or silicon carbide．
J．Graphene sheets are also prone to defects and“very difficult to make in good quality,”Ron Mertens，owner and editor of Graphene-Info．tom，said．Production capacity is also very limited．“There are thousands of small companies that can make graphene，but it’s expensive and low-capacity,”Mertens said．alround wafer measuring one inch in diameter,for instance，costs about$1 00，he added．
K．An even thornier obstacle on the way to graphene transistors is the fact that the material has no“band gap，”an essential property that allows transistors to be turned on and off without leaking electronic charge in the“off”state，said Elias Towe，a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Carnegie Mellon University．
L．“Band-gap engineering has been and remains the biggest challenge in the development of graphene transistors and computer chips．”Lau said．It requires controlling the material almost down at the atomic level，and“that’s really pushing the edges of existing technology,”Patterson said．“In 10 years，we’11 start to see these problems solved．”
‘It is largely a matter of time’
M．If graphene is to succeed as a replacement for silicon，every unit of cost and performance will make a difference，Towe said．
N．“Silicon is hard to displace，with all the billions dollars of investments made in manufacturing infrastructure，”he said．“A replacement for silicon has to offer extraordinary performance at extremely rock-bottom cost to compel industry to change its way．”
O．Though graphene is just 10 years old—in contrast,use of silicon in transistors dates to the early 1950s—considerable progress has already been made．For example，the largest graphene sheet was produced by hand in a laboratory eight years ago；its width was less than that of a human hair．“Nowadays，roll-to-roll printing of graphene sheets up to 1 00 meters long has been achieved，”Lau said．“With the increasing interest，investment，and research in graphene-based technology,I think it is largely a matter of time before the economy of scale kicks in and truly low-cost，large-scale production ofhigh-quality graphene is accomplished，”she added．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Nanoplatelet is the powder-or flake-type of graphene that has been used for some time to make conductors and that is being launched on the market．


5、Electronic cigarettes will face new(36)__________in the US，the US Food and Drug Administration(37)__________yesterday．These will include curbs on sales to minors and distribution of free samples，as well as provisions forcing manufacturers to place health warnings on packaging．
The long-awaited proposals—which also demand that the manufacturers should disclose all the ingredients in details and make claims of(38)__________risk only if scientifically validated--are less stringent(严厉的)than the Europe legislations voted on in February．(39)__________the proposed restrictions doing nothing to control advertising or curbing the sale off lavored products with names such as“Very Berrylicious”，(40)__________of e-cigarettes claim that they are more(41)__________and scientific than the EU rules．
“This is much less onerous than the European Tobacco Products directive，”says Gerry Stimson，a UKconsultant who supports“least harm"’solutions to health problems．“It is clear that the FDA process，(42)__________the EU，follows the science，but this is just a first step and the regulatory process could take years，during which the products and the market will develop．”
The proposals will likely(43)__________further debate for and against e-cigarettes，which call resemble real cigarettes but contain no tobacco，only a vaporized form of pure nicotine that users breathe in and out．
Backers of e-cigarettes say they have great(44)__________to help hardened smokers quit or cut down，because unlike other nicotine replacement products，they closely(45)__________cigarettes，both in appearance and use．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A．popular
B．restrictions
C．potential
D．importance
E．despite
F．provoke
G．announced
H．like
I．resemble
J．proponents
K．maintain
L．pragmatic
M．claim
N．reduced
O．unlike
根据以上内容，回答题。
第36题应填__________.


填空题
6、 __________



简答题
7、西安碑林博物馆创建于1087年，是一座艺术宝库(treasury of art)，其中收藏有早的古代石碑。从数量上，这座博物馆也是居我国同类博物馆之，保存有从汉代到清代地各代石碑共3000多块。这里碑石如林，所以叫碑林。这里的石碑记录了我国文化发展的部分文化成就，反映了中外文化交流的历史，因而驰名中外。来西安旅游，如不参观碑林，将会遗憾终生。


8、水资源是人类的生命之源，人们的生存离不开水。中国是一个缺水严重的国家，人均可利用水资源量约为900立方米，并且分布极不均衡(extreme|y imba|anced)。到20世纪末，全国600多座城市中，已有400多个城市存在供水不足的问题，其中比较严重的缺水城市多达1 10个。中国是世界上用水多的国家，同时也是水资源浪费严重的国家。节约用水是每个人应尽的责任和义务。


9、外国媒体评选出十大爱喝酒的国家，英国排在位。而中国则排在第二位。不可否认，全世界都有酒的文化。在各种社交中，饮酒往往是常见的一种方式。酒的种类有很多。白酒在我国有着非常久远的文化，也是现代人聚会餐桌上不可缺少的东西。适当的喝酒对身体有好处，但饮酒过量甚至酗酒，对身体也会造成极大的伤害。


10、You shouM write an announcement to welcome students tojoin a club．
写作导航
1．本社团活动的内容；
2．参加本社团的好处；
3．如何加入本社团