单项选择题
1、听音频：
回答题：

A．Go to a place he has visited.
B．Make her own arrangements.
C．Consult a travel agent.
D．Join in a package tour.


2、Questions are based on the following paassage.
        Virtually unknown a decade ago, big online teacher education program snow dwarf their traditional competitors, outstripping (超过) even the largeststate university teachers' colleges.
        A USA Today analysis of newly released U. S. Department of Education data finds that four big universities, operating mostly online, have quickly become the largest education schools in the USA. Last year the four--three of which are for-profit--awarded one in 16 bachelor' sdegrees and post-graduate awards and nearly one in 11 advanced education awards, including master' sdegrees and doctorates.
        A decade ago, in 2001, the for-profit University of Phoenix awarded 72 education degrees to teachers, administrators and other school personnel through its online program, according to federal data. Last year, it awarded nearly 6,000 degrees, more than any other university.
        Traditional colleges still produce most of the bachelor's degrees in teaching. But online schools such as Phoenix and Walden University awarded thousands more master's degrees than even the top traditional schools, all of which are pushing to offer online coursework.
        "We shouldn't be surprised because the whole industry is moving in that direction," said Robert Pianta, dean of the University of Virginia's Curry School of Education. "The thing I would be interested in knowing is the degree to which they are simply pushing these things out in order to generate dollars or whether there's some real innovation in there. "
        For-profit universities have been the subject of intense examining in Congress. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, who chairs the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, last week released findings from a two-year investigation showing that they cost more than comparable not-for-profit schools and have higher dropout rates. For-profits, the investigation found, enroll about 10% of U. S. college students butaccount for nearly 50% of student loan defaults.
        Online education schools, many of which have open-enrollment policies similar to community colleges, say their offerings are high quality.
        Meredith Curley, dean of the University of Phoenix College of Education, said many students are returning to complete their education after starting families and changing careers. Their average age is 33, she said, and many work while they attend classes. Becky Lodewyck, Phoenix's associate dean, said teaching candidates must complete at least 100 hours of field experience. She said online classes are "incredibly dynamic" and have the potential to hold students more accountable than face-to-face classes.
        "You can't hide," she said. "Everyone participates--everyone has to be fully engaged in the work. "
It can be learned from the second paragraph that four big universities______.
A．have become the largest online schools in the US
B．are the biggest for-profit schools in the US
C．occupy important position in education in the US
D．focus on developing advanced education in the US


3、Passage One
Questionsare based on the following passage．
Arctic Ocean ice may hold trillions of small piecesof plastic and other synthetic trash，and they are beingreleased into the world’s oceans as global warming melts the polar cap，researchers say，Though the finding is surprisingand worrying，the possible harm to marine life is so farunknown，the authors concluded．calledmicro plastics，the pollutants come mostly from debristhat has broken apart，as well as from cosmetics andfibers released from washing clothes，according to theStudy，which was published in the journal Earth’s Futureand first reported by Science magazine．
At current melting trends more than l trillion pieces 5 millimeters or smaller could wind up in the oceans during the coming decade．the authors estimate．The concentration of plastic debris is 1，000 times greater than that floating in the so．called Great Pacific Garbage Patch．The researchers based theirfindings on core samples of ice taken during polar expeditions in 2005 and 2010．
Rayon was the most common synthetic material discovered—54%．Though rayon is not a plastic（it’s made from wood），the authors included it “because it is a man made semi．synthetic that makes up a significant proportion of syntheticmicroparticles found in the marine environment．”Rayon is used in cigarette filters，clothing and personal hygieneproducts．Polyester（聚酯）was the next most common pollutant found in the ice（21%），followed by nylon（16%），polypropylene（聚丙烯）（3%）and polystyrene，acrylic and polyethylene （2%each）．
The authors called the ice trap “a major historicglobal sink of man．made particulates．”andsaid their findings “go some way to help clarify one of the most puzzlingaspects of current understanding on the quantities of plastic debris reportedin the oceans．”As Science points out，288 million tons of plastics were produced in 2012．
Micro plastics garbage has also been found on the shores of southernmost Chile，so the authors said it’s time toinvestigate the planet’s other polar region．“Whilemultiyear sea ice makes up a smaller proportion of annual sea ice cover in theSouthern Ocean．and perennial sea ice cover aroundAntarctica is following different trends，our findingindicate the importance of sampling ice from the Antarctic to see if it too containsmicro plastics，”they write．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
According to the passage．what are mainly called “micro plastics”？
A．The pollutants come mostly fromdebris．
B．The pollutants come mostly fromfibers．
C．The pollutants come mostly fromcosmetics．
D．The pollutants come mostly fromdaily supplies．


4、

回答题
A Battle is Looming over Renewable Energy,and Fossil Fuel Interests are Losing
A． In state capitals across the country,legislators are debating proposals to roll back environmental rules，prodded by industry and advocacy groups eager to curtail(缩减)regulations aimed at curbing greenhouse gases．
B．The measures，which have been introduced in about 18 states，lie at the heart of an effort to expand to the state level the battle over fossil fuel and renewable energy．The new rules would trim or abolish climate mandates--including those that require utilities to use solar and wind energy,as well as proposed Environmental Protection Agency rules that would reduce carbon emissions from power plants．
C．But the campaign—despite its backing from powerful groups such as Americans for Prosperity—has run into a surprising roadblock：the growing political clout of renewable-energy interests，even in rock-ribbed Republican states such as Kansas．
D． The stage has been set for what one lobbyist called“trench warfare”as moneyed interests on both sides wrestle over some of the strongest regulations for promoting renewable energy．And the issues are likely to surface this fall in the midterm elections，as well，with Califomia billionaire Tom Steyer pouring money into various gubernatorial(州长的)and state and federal legislative races to back candidates who support tough rules curbing pollution．
E．The multi-pronged conservative effort to roll back regulations，begun more than a year ago，is supported by a loose，well．funded confederation that includes the U．S．Chamber of Commerce，the National Association of Manufacturers and conservative activist groups such as Americans for Prosperity,a politically active nonprofit organization founded in part by brothers David and Charles Koch．These groups argue that existing government rules violate free-market principles and will ultimately drive up costs for consumers．
F．The proposed measures are similar from state to state．In some cases，the legislative language matches or closely resembles model bills and resolutions offered by the American Legislative Exchange Council(ALEC)，a free-market．oriented group of state lawmakers underwritten in part by Exxon Mobil，Koch Industries，Duke Energy and Peabody Energy．“Now more than ever is the time for states to lead the way,”ALEC’s top officials told its members at a meeting in December．
G．The coalition campaigns have achieyed only symbolic victories in a few states．Nonbinding resolutions critical of the EPA power plant proposals have been approved in Alabama，Georgia，Nebraska，West Virginia and Wyoming．Three other states--Louisiana．Missouri and Ohio—are weighing legislation similar to the ALEC model．
H．Only one of the 18 state legislatures has approved a more substantive measure that would replace the EPA’s power plant rules．And even that bill．in Kentucky,could backfire by giving up a chance for the state to design its own program and forcing it to accept a federal compliance program．
I．“Clean energy is beginning to become mainstream，”said Gabe Eisner,executive director of the Energy and Policy Institute，a clean-energy think tank in Washington．“Renewable energy is popular and has increased political power now,”but，he added，“that power is still eclipsed by the resources of the fossil fuel industry．”
A surprisingly tough fight
J．Kansas might be the best place to see how these dynamics are unfolding．
K．The state was a promising choice for a foray(攻击)against rules known as renewable-energy standards．which set minimum levels of renewable-energy use by electric utilities．Variations of these rules have been adopted in about 30 states．even though Congress did not pass a federal version of the requirement．In Kansas，a law passed in 2009 requires utilities to use wind and solar power to generate
at least 15 percent of their electricity bv 2016 and 20 percent by 2020．
L．The coalition seeking the repeal of the renewable mandate had all the ingredients for success．Financial．muscle came from the Kansas Chamber of Commerce，which lobbied heavily for repeal．In addition，the state is home to Koch Industries，the Koch brothers’Wichita-based energy conglomerate(集团)．The state representative for Wichita，Republican Dennis Hedke，has called the company“one of the greatest success stories in the world”and said“they are making very positive contributions．”Hedke
chairs the state House’s Energy and Environment Committee．
M．Koch Industries，along with the utility industry’s Edison Electric Institute and the nation’s biggest coal company,Peabody Energy,have supported ALEC．which advised state lawmakers on repeal strategy．
N．“Koch has consistently opposed all subsidies and mandates across the board．especially as it relates to energy policy,”Philip Ellendea president and chief operating officer of Koch Companies Public Sector,said in a statement，citing the company’s opposition to the renewable fuel standard，wind production tax credit and ethanol(乙醇)mandate．“Government should not mandate the allocation or use of natural resources and raw materials in the production of goods．”
O．The ideological case was supported by conservative think tanks．Kansans for Liberty supposed repeal．and the state branch of Americans for Prosperity told supporters that“green energy mandates replace the free-market with bureaucratic government oversight，driving up costs for hard—working Kansas families．”The national group has spent$300．000 in the state pushing for the rollback of renewable standards．
P．Connections to key Kansas politicians also were stron9．Both the Kansas state Senate’s president．Susan Wagle，and the speaker of the state House，Ray Merrick，are members of the ALEC board and backed repeal．“The repeal of the RPS[Renewable Portfolio Standards]fits in line with the goals of the organization，”said Wagle，who said she joined ALEC in the 1990s in connection with her opposition to health-care reforln led by Hillary Rodham Clinton．then the first lady．
Q．Moreover’the Kansas economy relies heavily on fossil fuels．The state iS the nation’s 10th．1argest producer of crude oil and l 2th-largest of natural gas，according to the federal Energy Information Administration．In 2013，coal-fired power plants provided 61 percent of the state’s electricity,well above the national average．But the strong winds that blow across Kansas have carried new interests into the state．Kansas ranks sixth in the country in wind output，which jumped by a third last year and equaled 19 percent of the state’s electricity,the EIA says．
R． The growing number of wind farms not only generates power but royalties for landowners．Dorothy Barnett，executive director of the Climate and Energy Project，said that Kansas landowners receive more than$1 3 million a year．“This issue is an issue that touches rural Kansans，and we have a lot of rural Kansas legislators，”she said．

Resolutions with no binding force which are picky about the EPA power plant proposals have been accepted in many states such as Alabama and Georgia．


5、回答题

A．Brain chips mean we are struggling to distinguish our own thoughts from ideas implanted by advertisers．Self-driving cars restrict old．school human drivers to special recreation parks．And the optimal(的)number offingers is 12．5．
B．Confused?It’s a vision of the world in 25 years，as dreamed up by today’s researchers in computer-human interaction(CHI)．
C． CHI normally means investigating better ways for people to interact with devices we have now,but last week attendees at the annual conference in Toront0，Canada，got ahead of themselves．They created an imaginary conference agenda for 2039 that predicts the kinds of challenges we will face with future computers--many of which will be implanted．
D．“It’s meant to be sort of the fringes(边缘)of human--computer interaction research，what’s really edgy or provocative，”says Eric Baumer of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，who dreamed up the idea of the conference．“There’s a lot of retrospective thinking about the past，but there’s not as much thinking about what are the futures toward which we think we’re working．”
E．We used the abstracts to create a list of the questions we—or more accurately．our cyborg descendants--might have about computers in 2039．
Is it weird when my organs talk to each other?
F．In an abstract entitled“My liver and my kidney compared notes”，IBM researcher Michael Muller,based in Cambridge，Massachusetts，looks at what happens when the implanted monitors on people’s intemal organs—a network he calls Arterionet--are able to share data and pool knowledge to offer enhanced health tips．
G．His conclusion：“While most users were skeptical．many users proposed additional features that could lead to greater acceptance and compliance with such recommendations．”
H．It’s worth thinking about how people might deal with health tips from organ monitors．Wearable technology that tracks your activity or your health status is slowly gaining popularity while researchers earlier this year implanted power-generating silicone strips on the hearts，lungs and diaphragms(横膈膜) of live cows，pigs and sheep．Muller says the biggest challenge to creating Arterionet will be figuring out how to fit the artificial intelligence in a sufficiently small and safe package．
Why do plants need their own Facebook,again?
I．To understand this question，you need to know about Plantastic，the brainchild of Bill Tomlinson and his colleagues at the University of California at Irvine．
J．In their abstract，they reason that to make our food supply more sustainable，it may make sense to grow more fruits and vegetables close to home．But certain crops thrive when they’re grown in large quantities or alongside certain other plants--too tall all order for the average farmer．
K． Enter Plantastic，which would advise what plants would work best for your area and tell you what people in the neighbourhood are growing．Nanochips on plants would feed data back to the site．That information in turn could be used to 1earn more about what grows best in which environment．
L．Assuming people will want to know whether this adds anything，Tomlinson’s team created a fictional(虚构的)study that looks at l o backyard gardens over two growing seasons．It suggests that using Plantastic will increase yields by 4 to 12 percent．
M．Tomlinson’s graduate student Juliet Norton is working on an early version of what the online system might look like．
Autonomous cars have made driving so boring--what shall I do instead?
N．Andreas Riener at the Institute for Pervasive Computing in Linz．Austria，has written an abstract that starts with a bold view of the future：“The first self-driving car cruised on our roads in 2019．Now,20 years after,it is time to review how this innovation has changed our mobility behaviour．”
O． This vision is rooted in a real trend．Self-driving cars have been making headlines for several years now．They are legal to drive in the state of Nevada．and Google’s driverless car has already racked up hundreds of thousands of practice miles．
P． Reiner’s contribution is to explore how this will change us．He predicts that once the robots take the wheel everywhere．many of us will lose interest in driving altogether．Fewer of us will own our own cars．Those who do won’t waste as much time pimping them out or driving around iust for fun．People who still love cars might have to seek their thrills in special“recreation parks”．where they can drive manually in an artificial environment．“If the vehicles of the future are only a means to get from A to B，this car culture would get lost．”he says．
Did I just think up that idea or did an advertiser implant it?
Q．Multiple contributors to CHl 2039 ponder the future of brain implants．Whether it involves capturing input from each of our senses or recording neurons(神经元)directly in the brain，they assume that this one is a question not of if but when．And that could bring opportunities--and challenges．
R．Shachar Maidenbaum of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem，Israel，envisions devices that could record our day-to-day experiences and then allow US to share our memories with one another,revolutionising courts，classrooms，and our social interactions．
S．Daniel Gruen of IBM Research，meanwhile，envisions devices that could prompt your memory when you forget something．一with some darker consequences．“Imagine in the future that you have systems that help you with memory,”he says．“At what point do you start wondering．‘Wait．I’ve had an idea．Is that really mine or is that idea coming from somewhere else?”’
So，what is the ideal number of fingers?
T． Ever strain yourself swiping across your iPhone screen?That problem would go away if you could have an extra thumb surgically(手术地)attached to your hand．
U．That’s the starting point for a fictitious study of l 24 people who have chosen to augment their hands with bionic(仿生的)fingers--on average they have 13．4 digits．Johannes Schfnin9，a computer scientist at Hasselt University in Belgium，even comes to an intriguing conclusion：“The optimal finger count is l 2．5，with six normal—sized fingers on each hand and the dominant hand having an extra half-sized finger that can be moved with 6 degrees of freedom．”
V．It’s entertaining stuff but even SchSning admits that 25 years might not be long enough for this one to appear．

In his article．Michael Muller investigates the consequences of Arterionet’s being capable of sharing information to supply extra strong health advices．

6、Questions are based on the following passage．


belleve．
        Federal support of homeovcnership greatly overvalues its meaning in American life．Through tax breaks and guarantees.the government__39__homeownership to its peak in 2004，when 69 percent of American households owned homes．Subsidies for homeownership，__40__ the mortgage(抵押)interest deduction，reached$230 billion in 2009，according to the Congressional Budget         Office．Meanwhile．only$60 billion in tax breaks and spending programs __41__ renters．
The result of this real estate spending craze?According to the Federal Reserve，American real estate lost more than$6 tril]ion in__42__，or almost 30 percent．between 2006 and 2010．One in five American homeoumers is underwater. owing more on a mortgage than what the home is__43__．
        Those who profit most from homeownemhip are definitely the largest source of political campaign  __44__．Insurance companies．securities and investment firms，real estate interests．and commercial banks gave more than$100 million to federal candidates and parties in 2011．according to the Center for Responsive Politics．
        Homeownership is more impollanl to__45__ interests than it is to most Americans，who，according to the research，care more about“a good job”,“the pursuit of happiness”and“freedom”．
A．mded
B．attributed
C．benefit
D．boosted
E．contributions
F．difference
G．expected
H．fmancially
I．including
J．political
K．rapidly
L．special
M．surveyed
N．value
O．worth

36_________

简答题
7、

Chinese students are experiencing stricter examination on their visas．

8、众所周知。电子商务是我国新兴的商务模式。在社会日新月异的今天。电子商务已经成为人们日常生活中的一部分。电子商务让人们的生活变得更加便捷，让人们能够足不出户就得到自己想要的商品，而且可以通过自己想要的排序方式，来进一步进行选择。比如说按照价钱来进行排序，这样可以得到更加物美价廉的商品。电子商务正处在空前的发展时期(unprecedented per i od of deve J opment)．推动着世界经济的快速发展。


9、泼水节(Water-Spri nk|ing Festi va|)是傣族隆重的节日，也可以称之为傣族的“新年”。泼水节已有700多年的历史，一般在每年的4月13日举行，持续3至7天。大家用纯净的清水相互泼洒，祈求洗去过去一年的不顺，新的一年带着美好的愿望再次出发。人们把第三天视为美好吉祥的日子。在这天，人们观看龙舟竞赛，跳孔雀舞。活动内容丰富，场面极为热闹。除了我国傣族，亚洲其他国家，如泰国，也有庆祝泼水节的习俗。


10、 
中国国际出版集团(China International Publishing Group)是中国的、权威的外语出版发行单位。它坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则(philosophy)，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，以及中外文化交流事业的拓展。为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，该集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修。